This paper discusses shunt capacitor bank fundamentals and protection techniques. Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve power quality and system efficiency by maintaining a flat voltage profile. They are relatively inexpensive and can be installed anywhere on the network. The paper reviews capacitor bank design principles, protection against internal faults and system disturbances, and basic control strategies. It describes how individual capacitor units are constructed and configured into banks. Protection schemes that shut down banks during internal faults are also presented.
This paper discusses shunt capacitor bank fundamentals and protection techniques. Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve power quality and system efficiency by maintaining a flat voltage profile. They are relatively inexpensive and can be installed anywhere on the network. The paper reviews capacitor bank design principles, protection against internal faults and system disturbances, and basic control strategies. It describes how individual capacitor units are constructed and configured into banks. Protection schemes that shut down banks during internal faults are also presented.
This paper discusses shunt capacitor bank fundamentals and protection techniques. Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve power quality and system efficiency by maintaining a flat voltage profile. They are relatively inexpensive and can be installed anywhere on the network. The paper reviews capacitor bank design principles, protection against internal faults and system disturbances, and basic control strategies. It describes how individual capacitor units are constructed and configured into banks. Protection schemes that shut down banks during internal faults are also presented.
This paper discusses shunt capacitor bank fundamentals and protection techniques. Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve power quality and system efficiency by maintaining a flat voltage profile. They are relatively inexpensive and can be installed anywhere on the network. The paper reviews capacitor bank design principles, protection against internal faults and system disturbances, and basic control strategies. It describes how individual capacitor units are constructed and configured into banks. Protection schemes that shut down banks during internal faults are also presented.
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Shunt Capacitor Bank Fundamentals and Protection
Gustavo Brunello, M.Eng, P.Eng Dr. Bogdan Kasztenny Craig Wester
GE Multilin, Canada gustavo.brunello@indsys.ge.com GE Multilin, Canada bogdan.kasztenny@indsys.ge.com GE Multilin, USA craig.wester@indsys.ge.com ABSTRACT Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply and the efficient operation of the power system. Studies show that a flat voltage profile on the system can significantly reduce line losses. Shunt capacitor banks are relatively inexpensive and can be easily installed anywhere on the network. This paper reviews principles of shunt capacitor bank design for substation installation and basic protection techniques. The protection of shunt capacitor bank includes: a) protection against internal bank faults and faults that occur inside the capacitor unit; and, b) protection of the bank against system disturbances. Section 2 of the paper describes the capacitor unit and how they are connected for different bank configurations. Section 3 discusses bank designs and grounding connections. Bank protection schemes that initiate a shutdown of the bank in case of faults within the bank that may lead to catastrophic failures are presented in Section 4. The paper does not address the means (fuses) and strategies to protect individual elements or capacitor units, nor the protection of capacitor filter banks. System disturbances and basic capacitor bank control strategies are also discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION Shunt capacitor banks (SCB) are mainly installed to provide capacitive reactive compensation/ power factor correction. The use of SCBs has increased because they are relatively inexpensive, easy and quick to install and can be deployed virtually anywhere in the network. Its installation has other beneficial effects on the system such as: improvement of the voltage at the load, better voltage regulation (if they were adequately designed), reduction of losses and reduction or postponement of investments in transmission. The main disadvantage of SCB is that its reactive power output is proportional to the square of the voltage and consequently when the voltage is low and the system need them most, they are the least efficient. 2. THE CAPACITOR UNIT AND BANK CONFIGURATIONS 2.1 The Capacitor Unit The capacitor unit, Fig. 1, is the building block of a shunt capacitor bank. The capacitor unit is made up of individual capacitor elements, arranged in parallel/ series connected groups, within a steel enclosure. The internal discharge device is a resistor that reduces the unit residual voltage to 50V or less in 5 min. Capacitor units are available in a variety of voltage ratings (240 V to 24940V) and sizes (2.5 kvar to about 1000 kvar)
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Shunt Capacitor Bank Fundamentals and Protection
Gustavo Brunello, M.Eng, P.Eng Dr. Bogdan Kasztenny Craig Wester GE Multilin, Canada gustavo.brunello@indsys.ge.com GE Multilin, Canada bogdan.kasztenny@indsys.ge.com GE Multilin, USA craig.wester@indsys.ge.com ABSTRACT Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply and the efficient operation of the power system. Studies show that a flat voltage profile on the system can significantly reduce line losses. Shunt capacitor banks are relatively inexpensive and can be easily installed anywhere on the network. This paper reviews principles of shunt capacitor bank design for substation installation and basic protection techniques. The protection of shunt capacitor bank includes: a) protection against internal bank faults and faults that occur inside the capacitor unit; and, b) protection of the bank against system disturbances. Section 2 of the paper describes the capacitor unit and how they are connected for different bank configurations. Section 3 discusses bank designs and grounding connections. Bank protection schemes that initiate a shutdown of the bank in case of faults within the bank that may lead to catastrophic failures are presented in Section 4. The paper does not address the means (fuses) and strategies to protect individual elements or capacitor units, nor the protection of capacitor filter banks. System disturbances and basic capacitor bank control strategies are also discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION Shunt capacitor banks (SCB) are mainly installed to provide capacitive reactive compensation/ power factor correction. The use of SCBs has increased because they are relatively inexpensive, easy and quick to install and can be deployed virtually anywhere in the network. Its installation has other beneficial effects on the system such as: improvement of the voltage at the load, better voltage regulation (if they were adequately designed), reduction of losses and reduction or postponement of investments in transmission. The main disadvantage of SCB is that its reactive power output is proportional to the square of the voltage and consequently when the voltage is low and the system need them most, they are the least efficient. 2. THE CAPACITOR UNIT AND BANK CONFIGURATIONS 2.1 The Capacitor Unit The capacitor unit, Fig. 1, is the building block of a shunt capacitor bank. The capacitor unit is made up of individual capacitor elements, arranged in parallel/ series connected groups, within a steel enclosure. The internal discharge device is a resistor that reduces the unit residual voltage to 50V or less in 5 min. Capacitor units are available in a variety of voltage ratings (240 V to 24940V) and sizes (2.5 kvar to about 1000 kvar)