Module 1 and 2 - Police Intelligence

MODULE I
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
● Identify the different historical figures and state the circumstances on how they utilized
intelligence to their favor.
S
UN TZU & SOME OF HIS MAXIMS
Sun-Tzu authored the book entitled "PING FA (The art of war)" written about 400 B.C. which the following
statements could be found.
"IF YOU KNOW YOUR ENEMY AND YOU KNOW YOURSELF, YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE RESULTS OF HUNDRED
OF BATTLES. IF YOU KNOW YOURSELF BUT NOT THE ENEMY, FOR EVERY VICTORY YOU WILL SUFFER
DEFEAT. IF YOU KNOW NEITHER YOURSELF NOR THE ENEMY, YOU ARE FOOL WHO WILL SUFFER DEFEAT IN
EVERY BATTLE."
"What is called foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits, or from gods, or from analogy to the past events nor
from calculations. He wrote "It must be obtained from men who know the enemy situation."
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE
I. BIBLICAL RECORDS
Moses
One of the first recorded formalized intelligence efforts with format can be found in the Holy Bible
(Numbers 13:17). The Scriptures also named the 12 intelligence agents whom the Lord directed Moses to
send into the land of Canaan and also recorded that all those men were heads or the children in Israel. And
Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan (Num 13:17-20).
Moses sent the 12 agents and said unto the way southward, and go up into the mountain; and see the and
the people the dwelt therein, whether they be strong or wea many, and; what the land dwell in, whether in
tenths or strona what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there be wood there or not. And be ye
good courage and bring the fruit of the land."
Rehab
The harlot of Jericho (Joshua 2:1-21) who sheltered and concealed the agents of Israel, She made covenant
to the agents and duped their pursuers. She was not only an impromptu confederate of immense value for
the Jewish leader of that far distant day, but also established a plot pattern which is still of periodic relief to
motion picture producers.
Delilah
She was an impromptu intelligence agent of the Philistines. She allowed Philistine spies to hide in her
house (Judges 16:9). Apart from her tonsorial specialty, she seduced Samson of Israel to reveal the secret
of his strength and used herself to gain intelligence from powerful enemies. She achieved the largest
effective force of her employer's adversaries and contrived the stroke which put that force out of action
(Paquitol, B.S.)
I. INTELLIGENCE IN PRE-MODERN ERA
Salamanca B. H., Estoque S. B., Aclis D. O. (2017). Police Intelligence and Secret Service. Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
1. Alexander the Great
He devised the "first letter sorting and opening" to obtain information. While marching into Asia, it is
recorded there came to his hints, and rumors of disaffection growing among his allies and mercenaries.
The young conqueror thereupon sought the truth and got it by the simplest expedient. He announced that
he was writing home and recommended to his officers that they do likewise. Then, when the couriers were
ladened and had set out for Greece, he ordered the quietly recalled and proceeded to investigate all the
letters that they carried. Malcontents were detected, legitimate causes of grievance exposed.
2. Akbar
The "Great Mogul and sagacious master” of Hindustan who employed more than four thousand agents for
the sole purpose of bringing him the truth that his throne might rest upon him.
3. Genghis Khan
He used intelligence to conquer China and invade Cathay. He instructed his Generals to send spies and
used prisoners as sources of information. Genghis Khan was regarded as leader of the so called "Mongol
Conquerors" and used effective propaganda by spreading rumors of Mongol terror. They collected
information on weaknesses and rivalries of Europe and usually disguised themselves as merchants.
4. Hannibal
The Carthaginian General was considered as one of the brilliant military strategists. He developed an
effective intelligence system for 15 years in Rome. He roamed around the city often disguising as a beggar
to gather first hand information. Hannibal's invasion of Italy, his brilliant and victorious raid in history,
gained him many successes and nearly bled Rome to death.
5. Frederick the Great
Frederick the Great was known as the father of military espionage. He established rules for obtaining and
using every grade of intelligence agents and divided his agents into four classes as follows:
a. Common spies
✓ Recruited among poor folk, glad to earn a small amount of money or to be accommodated as a
military officer.
b. Double spies
✓ The low informers and unreliable renegades who are significant in spreading false information to the
enemy.
c. Spies of consequences
✓ Couriers and noblemen, staff officers, and kindred conspirators, invariably requiring substantial bribe
or bait.
d. Intimidated Spies
✓ Persons who were forced to undertake espionage arising their will.
6. Sertorius, Quintos
He was a Roman General and possessor of white fawn that tried to follow Polyneus everywhere. The fawn
was used as an intelligence agent. His intelligence agents credited their information to the supernatural
power of animals.
7. Gaius Julius Caesar
During his time, his staff legion includes ten "speculators” who served as information-collecting agencies.
Speculators were the first intelligence personnel to appear in military organization.
8. Napoleon Bonaparte
He was a great leader who believes in the principle that "One spy in the right place is worth 20,000 men in
the field."
He also organized two bureaus of interest:
a. Bureau of Intelligence
✓ Consolidated all incoming information regarding the enemy for presentation to the emperor
and to obtain information as desired.
b. Topographic Bureau
✓ Maintained a large map which covers the latest information regarding both enemy and friendly
forces.
9. Karl Schulmeister
He was Napoleon's military secret service and Napoleon's eyes. He began his career in offensive
espionage. Under a cover role, he was able to infiltrate the Austrian General Staff and studied the
characters of the Generals. His Royal foes selected to defeat him.
10. George Washington
Conspirators under oath abound in the history of every nation He, as grandmaster, mobilized the free
masons of the colonies in an outbreak of American war independence.
America's first military intelligence director.
11. Francis Walshingham
Under Queen Elizabeth, he organized the first National Intelligence Service. He employed spies on the staff
of the Admiral in Command of the Spanish Army and was able to obtain information regarding Spanish
Army as to their ships, equipment, forces and stores. He protected Queen Elizabeth I from countless
assassins.
12. Richelieu
He introduced the "network of covert collectors" who transmitted prompt and accurate information to Paris
regarding the activities of the rebels and dissidents of the kingdom.
13. Louis XIV (Sun King)
He systematized political policy, continuous surveillance, postal censorship and military organization.
14. Wilhelm Stieber
He incorporated intelligence in the General Staff Support System. He contributed to the science of Military
Censorship and Organized Military Propaganda. He worked as a census taker and developed an informal
format in the gathering of data.
15. Alfred Redl
One of the most brilliant intelligence agent, even though he was a homosexual. Chief of the
Austro-Hungarian secret service and at the same time, agent of Russia (convicted of treason in 1913- but
he committed suicide). His treason led to the death of 500,000 agents and the soldiers combined in his 13
years espionage episode.
16. Brahma Kautilya
In ancient India, he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty and established the first Mayuryan King in the Indian
throne. He recommended to his king that for the ruler to succeed, the ruler should strike at enemies' weak
points by means of spies.
17. Joseph Fouche
He was known as the Father of Military Espionage in France. He was born on May 21, 1759, near Nantes.
Trained for priesthood but never took orders, instead he becomes a teacher. He rose to become the most
feared and respected intelligence director in French and Created a network of agents with his assistance
and founded the modern system of spying on spies, which was later known as cou espionage.
18. Gen. William Donovan
He was regarded as the Father of today's CIA. He was the first chief of the OSS (Office of Strategic Service-

Forerunner of CIA) when former president Roosevelt established it in June 14 1942.
9. Edward I
In 1725, he organized a systematic police system known as "Watch and Ward" and by Royal proclamation;
the Profession "State Informer" was created in 1734 enjoining all informers to expose criminal activities and
be compensated.
20. Joseph Petrosino
He was the former head of Italian Squad. Through an extensive intelligence network, he was credited to
smash the Black Society.
PROGRESS CHECK
INSTRUCTION: Identify what is being asked and write your answers on the space provided.

1. The book that was authored by Sun Tzu has excerpts which are very applicable in the modern intelligence system
entitled ________________.

2. According to the excerpt of Sun Tzu, foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits, or from gods or
from analogy from past events nor fro calculation, he stated that it must be obtained from
_________.____________-

3. His effort in sending 12 intelligence agents to spy on the land of Canaan was the first recorded formalized
intelligence effort which can be found in the holy bible. ___________________
4.
5. Letter sorting and opening is commonly exercised in jail in order to discover whether there are malcontents of
letters being received or sent by inmates, this technique or method of gathering information was devised by
______.________________

6. She was the harlot of Jericho who sheltered and concealed agents of Israel. _________________

7. The citation "Behind every man's success is a woman but behind every man's failure is also a woman" can be
shown to be true by the case of Philistines wherein they used a woman to gather information from a powerful
enemy. This woman is also known as the impromptu intelligence agent of
Philistines. ___________________

8. He was regarded as the leader of the "Mongol conquerors" and he also introduced a very good strategy of
disguising as a beggar to gather information about his enemy forces. _________________

9. One of the techniques that is being utilized by the law enforcement nowadays in order to gather first hand
information by disguising as a beggar. This technique was introduced by a Carthaginian general named
___________. ________________

10. He introduced the network of covert collectors who transmitted prompt and accurate information to Paris
regarding the activities of the rebels and dissidents of the kingdom. ____________________

11. Through an extensive intelligence network, he was credited in crashing the back society.
___________________

MODULE 2.
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
● Distinguish how the different countries involved in the World Wars utilized their intelligence

capabilities; and
● Enumerate the countries and their Intelligence branches considered as The Super Powers in
the post war era.
INTELLIGENCE AND THE WORLD WAR
A. World War I
1. 1900 Europe powers developed modern staff systems and place intelligence on the same level with
personnel, operations and logistics. Intelligence then functioned in time of peace and war. Intelligence
during this period, concentrated on information about the armed forces of the enemy and their
capabilities.
2. Aircraft were introduced as a tool of conducting aerial reconnaissance.
3. Wireless Telegraph was used wherein codes and ciphers were applied.
4. Army Intelligence rapidly expanded during this period.
5. "Agent Provocateur"- was employed by the Russians for the purpose of internal security and political
repression. Spying was always the specialty of the Russians.
6.German Intelligence- gained a high reputation for offensive effectiveness throughout Europe but
declined at the outset of war.
7. British Intelligence- succeeded greatly by means of censorship and its Code Room combined with
skillful use of Covert agents.
8. The United States expanded their Naval Intelligence wherein Domestic Counterintelligence became a
principal activity.
B. US THREE BRANCHES OF INTELLIGENCE
1. Positive Branch
● Its function is to collect, evaluate and disseminate intelligence Information. Prepare situations,
estimate and translate documents.
2. Negative Branch
● Counterintelligence functions: investigate disloyalty sedition; investigate graft and fraud in
organization.
3. Geographic Branch
● Produces maps, photographs and terrain studies. Sections: administration, collection by attaches
troops, codes and ciphers.

C. INTELLIGENCE DURING WORLD WAR II
1. German Intelligence
German intelligence started the war with the world's best organized intelligence service through advance

preparation of intelligence accompanied by troop movements.
2. Japanese Intelligence
Japanese intelligence failed because it was not provided with sufficient number of trained to assemble
and evaluate the mass of materials which were collected although Japanese Intelligence was involved in
short war and defensive in nature.
3. British Intelligence
Its achievement was the delay in the use of German V bomb. The operetion was conducted with the OSS
and through the penetration and technical intelligence; they discovered Peenemnunde, the V2 guided
missile research project of Nazi Germany.
4. United States Intelligence
In 1941, the US Office of Strategic Service (OSS) forerunner for today’s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
was established to analyze military, political and economic information as it affected the security of the
country. US JOINT CHIEF OF STAFFS - was organized to act in support of the army and the navy in the
collection and analysis of strategic information and to be responsible for the planning and operation of
special services.
5. Chinese Intelligence
In 1932, TAI LI was organized, the Chinese’s secret police to conduct espionage and counter espionage
against Japanese spies and Chinese communist.
6. Soviet Intelligence
AMTORG was organized for the purpose of purchasing all kinds of materials for Soviet Union.
Smersh or “Death to Spies”
Smersh was organized during the waros counterintelligence concerned with disaffection among Soviet
Troops and anti-communism in any form. There were five divisions: Administration, operation,
investigation, prosecution and personnel.
OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN INTEL DURING WORLD WAR II
1. In 1942, a female special agent was able to transmit vital information concerning the activities and installations of
the main research station at Peenemunde. British failed in the defeat of Gen. Montgomery’s forces at Annenheim.
2. United States Intelligence - In 1942, the US Strategic Service was established to research and analyze military,
political and economic information as it affected the security of the country.
3. Battle of Midway - In 1942,the turning point in the US-Naval force in the pacific. The victory gained by the
Americans was due to the disrupted messages from the Imperial Japanese Navy.
4. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto - In April of 1943, the crypto-analyst of the US Navy Communications Intelligence
intercepted a top-secret signal relaying the travel of the admiral. En route, he was intercepted and crashed in the
Jungles of bougainville.
5. US Joint Chief of Staffs - Was organized to act in support of the army and the navy in the collection and analysis
of strategic information and to be responsible for the planning and operation of special services.
6. Amphibious Warfare - US greatest contribution was its development where coordination of many types of
intelligence activities was required to provide adequate knowledge upon which is the basis of a successful
operation of a complex military transp[orted over water with the objective of establishing itself on an enemy-held
shore against opposition.
7. US Success in WWII was that their personnel were drawn from civilian populace, business and professional men
and women.
D. POST WAR PERIOD: The Super Powers
1. Soviet Intelligence
a. Soviet Intelligence System
Described as the "omnipotent and omnipresent" for its vast intricate organization involving millions of

people,
b. Soviet Counterintelligence
Described as the "Iron Curtain" because no one can cross the borders of USSR without being
detected- all communications are rigidly controlled. Its contribution to modern intelligence was the
dissemination of false information designed to mislead and confuse opponents and prospective
victims.
c. Military Intelligence and Ministry of State Security (formerly NKGB)
It is concerned with the political events and economic conditions and also collects information for
intelligence purposes all over the world. It directs foreign sabotage and maintains a network of
agents in military and special agents.
It is concerned on political espionage activities of foreign communist countries.
d. KGB (Komitet Komisija Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti)
It is the official secret police agency of the Soviet Union in charge of the state security (Commission
of the State Security).
2. British Intelligence System
It is composed of several intelligence agencies as follows;
a. British Military Intelligence Division (MID)
● It is divided into 20 different departments.
b. M15
● Devoted to counter espionage and security.
c. Special Branch of Scotland Yard
● It is charged with guarding the Royal family and Important British Officials and visiting foreign
dignitaries.
3. Israel Intelligence System
a. Mossad
● In charge of National Intelligence. The number one Intelligence Agency in the whole world.
b. Aman
● Concerned with military Intelligence.
c. Shinbet
● Concerned with Internal Security.
IIC
● Israel Intelligence agency- Report to the prime minister.
4. French Intelligence
a. Sdece De Documentation ExtérieurE De Contre Espionnage
● Foreign Intelligence and Counterintelligence Service.
This is under the Prime Minister
b. General, Charles De Gaulle
● He set-up the Bureau Central Renseignements et d' Action. (BCRA Central Office for Intelligence
Action) in London in 1940. It is an expansion of the service Renseignements (sr- Intelligence
Service) which is part of the old Renzieme Bureau (second Bureau) of French General staff.
c. SDECE
● Concerned in Strategic and Counter Intelligence.
d. Surete Nationale
● Part of French Intelligence Service.
5. German Intelligence
Red Gestapo
The security service organized by East Germany to combat the covert activities of the West Germany
group when it was still divided by the Berlin Walls.
E. GREAT BETRAYALS
1. Judith Coplon
She was a political analyst of the Department of Justice who was accused of taking unlawful possession of
government documents and spying for a foreign power. She was a well known communist activist.
2. Dr. Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs
He was accused of releasing American Atomic Secrets to the Soviet in 1945 and British in 1947. He detailed
knowledge of the construction of the atomic bomb.
3. Ernst Hilding Anderson
In 1951, a Royal Navy provided military secrets to a foreign power and was found guilty and sentenced to life

imprisonment.

PROGRESS CHECK:

INSTRUCTIONS:

Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answers in the space provided.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Father of Military Espionage A. Sertorius, Quintos
2. Letter sorting and opening B. George Washington
3. Disguise as a beggar to gather first hand information C. Joseph Petronisio
4. Disguise as a merchant to gather first hand D. Gen. William Donovan
5. He believe that one spy in the right place is worth 20,000 men in the field E. Joseph Fouche
6. He introduced network of covert collectors F. Alfred Redl
7. A homosexual who became one of the most brillant intelligence agent G. Alexander the Great
8. America's first military intelligence director H. Napoleon Bonapart
9. He smashed the black society through extensive intelligence network I. Frederick the Great
10. He organized systematic police system and introduced state informer as a J. Brahma Kautilya
profession
11. Striking the weak points of the enemy through spies is the principle he K. Genghis Khan
introduced.
12. He was the most feared and respected intelligence director in french history L. Hannibal
13. His effort is considered as the first recorded formalized intelligence effort M. Moses
14. The impromptu intelligence agent of Philistines N. Edward I
15. He gathered information through supernatural powers of animals O. Delilah
P. Richelieu
Q.Gaius Julius Caesar



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MODULE I

At the end of the lesson you will be able to:

I. INTELLIGENCE IN PRE-MODERN ERA

5. Frederick the Great

​d. Intimidated Spies

✓ Persons who were forced to undertake espionage arising their will.

7. Gaius Julius Caesar

He also organized two bureaus of interest:

10. George Washington

America's first military intelligence director.

11. Francis Walshingham

13. Louis XIV (Sun King)

14. Wilhelm Stieber

15. Alfred Redl

16. Brahma Kautilya

17. Joseph Fouche

18. Gen. William Donovan

He was regarded as the Father of today's CIA. He was the first chief of the OSS (Office of Strategic Service-

20. Joseph Petrosino

● Distinguish how the different countries involved in the World Wars utilized their intelligence

INTELLIGENCE AND THE WORLD WAR

2. Aircraft were introduced as a tool of conducting aerial reconnaissance.

4. Army Intelligence rapidly expanded during this period.

B. US THREE BRANCHES OF INTELLIGENCE

C. INTELLIGENCE DURING WORLD WAR II

​1. German Intelligence

German intelligence started the war with the world's best organized intelligence service through advance

4. United States Intelligence

Smersh or “Death to Spies”

OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN INTEL DURING WORLD WAR II

​D. POST WAR PERIOD: The Super Powers

​1. Soviet Intelligence

a. Soviet Intelligence System

Described as the "omnipotent and omnipresent" for its vast intricate organization involving millions of

c. Military Intelligence and Ministry of State Security (formerly NKGB)

It is concerned on political espionage activities of foreign communist countries.

d. KGB (Komitet Komisija Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti)

2. British Intelligence System

It is composed of several intelligence agencies as follows;

● It is divided into 20 different departments.

● Devoted to counter espionage and security.

c. Special Branch of Scotland Yard

3. Israel Intelligence System

● Concerned with military Intelligence.

● Concerned with Internal Security.

● Israel Intelligence agency- Report to the prime minister.

a. Sdece De Documentation ExtérieurE De Contre Espionnage

● Foreign Intelligence and Counterintelligence Service.

This is under the Prime Minister

b. General, Charles De Gaulle

● Concerned in Strategic and Counter Intelligence.

● Part of French Intelligence Service.

2. Dr. Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs

3. Ernst Hilding Anderson

In 1951, a Royal Navy provided military secrets to a foreign power and was found guilty and sentenced to life

1. Father of Military Espionage A. Sertorius, Quintos

2. Letter sorting and opening B. George Washington

3. Disguise as a beggar to gather first hand information C. Joseph Petronisio

d. Intimidated Spies

1. German Intelligence

D. POST WAR PERIOD: The Super Powers

1. Soviet Intelligence