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Reynold Number-Examples

The document summarizes Reynolds' experiment to demonstrate laminar and turbulent fluid flow. Reynolds observed that at low flow velocities the dye moved in parallel lines, but at higher velocities it moved in waves or zigzags across different paths. The Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertia to viscous forces, and can be used to determine if flow is laminar (Re < 2000), turbulent (Re > 4000), or transitional (2000 < Re < 4000). Examples are provided to calculate the Reynolds number and classify flow type in different pipe flow scenarios.

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167 views25 pages

Reynold Number-Examples

The document summarizes Reynolds' experiment to demonstrate laminar and turbulent fluid flow. Reynolds observed that at low flow velocities the dye moved in parallel lines, but at higher velocities it moved in waves or zigzags across different paths. The Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertia to viscous forces, and can be used to determine if flow is laminar (Re < 2000), turbulent (Re > 4000), or transitional (2000 < Re < 4000). Examples are provided to calculate the Reynolds number and classify flow type in different pipe flow scenarios.

Uploaded by

khleifat_613891
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SHREE SA’D VIDYA MANDAL

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Subject:-
Fluid
Mechanics

Topic:-Reynolds experiment
-:PRESENTED BY:-

Name Enrollment no.


 Arvindsai 130454106002

 Dhaval 130454106001

 Fahim Patel 140453106005

 Navazhushen Patel 140453106008

 M.Asfak Patel 140453106007


INTRODUCTION
 Prof. Osborne Reynolds conducted the
experiment in the year 1883.
 This was conducted to demonstrate the
existence of two types of flow :-
1.Laminar Flow
2.Turbulent Flow
1.Laminar Flow:-
Laminar flow is defined as that type of flow
in which the fluid particles move along well-defined
paths or stream lines and all the stream lines are
straight and parallel.
Factors responsible for laminar flow are:-
- High viscosity of fluid.

- Low velocity of flow.

- Less flow area.

For example,
‐ Flow through pipe of uniform cross-section.
2.Turbulent Flow:-
Turbulent flow is defined as that type of flow
in which the fluid particles move is a zigzag way. The
Fluid particles crosses the paths of each other.

For example,
- Flow in river at the time of flood.

- Flow through pipe of different cross- section.


What is Reynolds Number ?

 The ratio of inertia force to viscous force


is said to be the Reynolds number (RN).
APPARATUS
Observation by Reynolds
1. At low velocity, the
dye will move in a
line parallel to the
tube and also it
does not get
dispersed.

2. At velocity little
more than before
the dye moves in a
wave form.

3. At more velocity the


dye will no longer
move in a straight-
FORMULAS
InertiaForce
RN 
Viscous Force Where,
ρ =density of liquid (Kg/m 3 )
ρxVxD
RN  V=mean velocity of liquid
μ
m/S
VxD D=diameter of pipe(m)
RN 
ν 
µ=dynamic velocity(N.S/m2
Where )
2
 =kinematic viscosity(m
 /S)

Reynold number is a dimensionless quantity.
Types Of Flows Based On Reynold
Number:-

 If Reynold number, RN < 2000 the flow is


laminar flow.

 If Reynold number, RN > 4000 the flow is


turbulent flow.
 If Reynold number i.e. 2000 < RN < 4000,we
observe a flow in which we can see both
laminar and turbulent flow to gather. This flow is
called Transition flow.

 RN = 2300 is usually accepted as the value at


transition , RN that exists anywhere in the
transition region is called the critical Reynolds
number.
EXAMPLE
Example 1 :- An oil of viscosity 0.5 stoke is
flowing through a pipe of 30 cm in diameter at a
rate of 320 liters per second. Find the head loss
due to friction for the pipe length of 60 cm.

Solution:-
Q=320 liters/second
=0.32 m3/s
d=30 cm=0.30 m x 0.302
=0.070m2
L=60 m
=0.5 stoke
= 0.5 x 10-4 m2/s V= Q/A=0.32/0.0707
=4.52 m/s
 Reynolds number(RN):-
ρxVxD
RN 
μ
VxD
RN 
ν
(4.52 x 0.30)

(0.5 x 10 - 4)
 27,120 ( 4000) Flow is Turbulent.

0.079
f
RN1/4
 6.156 x 10-4 m 2 /s
• Head loss due to Friction:-
2
4.f.l.V
hf 
2.g.d
-3 2
4 x 6.156 x 10 x 60 x (4.52)

2 x 9.81 x 0.30
 5.128 m
 Example 2:- An oil of viscosity 0.9 and viscosity
0.06 poise is flowing through a pipe of diameter
200 mm at the rate of 60 liters per second. Find
the head loss due to friction for a 500 m length
of pipe. find the power required to maintain this
flow

Solution:-
Q = 60 liters/second x 0.202 = 0.0314
m2
= 0.06 m3/s
d = 200 cm ρ = 0.9 x1000 =
900kg/m3
= 0.20 m
 Reynolds number(RN):-

900 x 1.91 x 0.20



(0.006
 57,300 ( 4000)  Flow is Turbulent

V  Q/A
 1.91 m/s

f  (0.079)/RN 1/4
 0.0051
 Head loss due to Friction:-
2
4.f.l.V
hf 
2.g.d
4 x 0.0051 x 30 x (1.91)2

2x9.81x0.20
 9.48 m of water
• Power required:-
P x g x Q x hf
P 
μ
900 x 9.81 x 0.06 x 9.48

1000
P  5.02 kW
 Example 3:- oil of Sp. Gr 0.095 is flowing
through a pipe of 20 cm in diameter. if a rate of
flow 50 liters/second and viscosity of oil is 1
poise , decide the type of flow.

Solution:-
Q = 50 liters/second x 0.202 =0.314 m2
= 0.05m3/s
D =20 cm = 0.20 m ρ=0.95 x 1000 =950 kg/m3
µ = 1.0poise
= 0.1 Ns/m3 V= Q/A=0.05/0.0314
=1.59m/s
 Reynolds number(RN):-

ρxVxD
RN 
μ
950 x 1.59 x 0.20

0.1
 3021 (2000  Rn  4000) ..Flow is Transition.
 Example 4:- Liquid is flowing through a pipe of
200 mm in diameter. Tube with mean viscosity
of oil 2 m/sec. If density of liquid is 912 kg/ m3
and viscosity is 0.38 N.S/m2 the type of flow.

Solution:-
V= 2 m/sec
d= 20 cm=0.20 m x
0.202=0.314m2
µ = 0.38 Ns/m3
ρ =950 kg/m3
 Reynolds number(RN):-

ρxVxD
RN 
μ
912 x 2 x 0.20

0.38
 960  (2000)  Flow is Laminar.

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