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    Separation Processes: Worksheet #3: Multicomponent Distillation

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    Patricia David
    This document provides information and calculations for three multicomponent distillation problems: 1. Calculation of the bubble point temperature and vapor fraction of a feed containing four components. The bubble point is found to be 134°F and the vapor fraction is 20.23%. 2. Calculation of the minimum number of plates required for a column separating four components with given recoveries and relative volatilities. The minimum number of plates is calculated to be 16. 3. Estimation of the minimum reflux ratio for the conditions in problem 2 if the feed is liquid, and calculation of the approximate number of plates required at a reflux ratio of 1.3 times the minimum. The minimum reflux

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    Separation Processes: Worksheet #3: Multicomponent Distillation

    Uploaded by

    Patricia David
    183 views5 pages
    This document provides information and calculations for three multicomponent distillation problems: 1. Calculation of the bubble point temperature and vapor fraction of a feed containing four components. The bubble point is found to be 134°F and the vapor fraction is 20.23%. 2. Calculation of the minimum number of plates required for a column separating four components with given recoveries and relative volatilities. The minimum number of plates is calculated to be 16. 3. Estimation of the minimum reflux ratio for the conditions in problem 2 if the feed is liquid, and calculation of the approximate number of plates required at a reflux ratio of 1.3 times the minimum. The minimum reflux

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    This document provides information and calculations for three multicomponent distillation problems: 1. Calculation of the bubble point temperature and vapor fraction of a feed containing four components. The bubble point is found to be 134°F and the vapor fraction is 20.23%. 2. Calculation of the minimum number of plates required for a column separating four components with given recoveries and relative volatilities. The minimum number of plates is calculated to be 16. 3. Estimation of the minimum reflux ratio for the conditions in problem 2 if the feed is liquid, and calculation of the approximate number of plates required at a reflux ratio of 1.3 times the minimum. The minimum reflux

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    183 views5 pages

    Separation Processes: Worksheet #3: Multicomponent Distillation

    Uploaded by

    Patricia David
    This document provides information and calculations for three multicomponent distillation problems: 1. Calculation of the bubble point temperature and vapor fraction of a feed containing four components. The bubble point is found to be 134°F and the vapor fraction is 20.23%. 2. Calculation of the minimum number of plates required for a column separating four components with given recoveries and relative volatilities. The minimum number of plates is calculated to be 16. 3. Estimation of the minimum reflux ratio for the conditions in problem 2 if the feed is liquid, and calculation of the approximate number of plates required at a reflux ratio of 1.3 times the minimum. The minimum reflux

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    You are on page 1of 5

    SEPARATION PROCESSES

    WORKSHEET #3: MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION

    Name:
    David, Patricia Laine L.

    Present clean and clear solutions to the following problems. Highlight your final answer by enclosing it within a box.

    1. The feed to a distillation column operating at 270 psia contains 10% ethane, 45% propane, 30% i-butane and 15% n-
    butane. Calculate the bubble point of the feed and the fraction vaporized if the feed is heated 20 C above the bubble
    point.

    Given:
    P = 270 psia
    Component Mole fraction
    C2 0.10
    C3 0.45
    i-C4 0.30
    n-C4 0.15

    Solution:

    Using Depriester chart

    Page 1 of 5
    SEPARATION PROCESSES

    y i=K i x i
    For bubble point calculations:

    ∑ K i x i=∑ y i=1
    Assume Bubble Points

    Trial 1 : Tb = 120 F Trial 2 : Tb = 130 F Trial 3 : Tb = 134 F


    Component xi Ki yi Ki yi Ki yi
    C2 0.10 2.65 0.265 2.81 0.281 2.9 0.29
    C3 0.45 0.98 0.441 1.09 0.4905 1.11 0.4995
    i-C4 0.30 0.479 0.1437 0.52 0.156 0.53 0.159
    n-C4 0.15 0.34 0.051 0.38 0.057 0.39 0.0585
    Total: 0.9007 Total: 0.9845 Total: 1.007
    Increase Increase
    Bubble
    assumed assumed
    ∑ yi <1 Bubble ∑ yi <1 Bubble ∑ yi ≈ 1 point =
    134F
    Point Point

    T b=134 ℉

    T feed =134 ℉ +(1.8 ( 20 ℃ ) +32)℉ =202℉

    Component zi yi Cp, Btu/lb mol-F ∆ H v , Btu/lb


    C2 0.10 0.29 14.81 210.15
    C3 0.45 0.4995 21.09 184
    i-C4 0.30 0.159 27.77 157.52
    n-C4 0.15 0.0585 28.02 164.92

    Heat capacity of the feed


    Btu
    C´ p=( 0.10 ) ( 14. 81 )+ ( 0.45 )( 2 1.09 ) + ( 0.30 ) ( 27.77 )+ ( 0.15 ) (2 8.02 )=23.5055
    ℉
    ∆ H =Ć p ∆ T
    Enthalpy of Feed

    Btu
    (
    ∆ H = 2 3.5055
    ℉ )
    ( 202−134 ) ℉ =1,598.37 Btu

    Enthalpy of the vapor

    V lb Btu lb Btu lb
    1,598.37 Btu=
    F [ (
    ( 0.29 ) 30.07
    lb mol )(
    210.15
    lb )
    + ( 0.4995 ) 44.09
    lb mol(184
    lb )(
    + ( 0.159 ) 58.12
    lb mol )
    157 ( )(
    V
    =0.2023=20.23 %
    F

    Page 2 of 5
    SEPARATION PROCESSES

    2. The feed to a conventional distillation column and the relative volatilities are shown in the following table. The recovery
    of component 2 in the distillate is 99% and 98% of component 3 is to leave in the bottoms. Calculate the minimum
    number of plates.

    Component Mole fraction Relative volatility


    1 0.05 2.10
    2 0.42 1.70
    3 0.46 1.00
    4 0.07 0.65

    Basis: 1 mol of Feed


    D
    Given:
    C1
    99% recovery of C2
    C3

    C1 0.05
    C2 0.42
    C3 0.46
    C4 0.07
    B
    C2
    98% C3
    C4
    Solution:

    Distillate:

    No C1 in bottom due to high relative volatility therefore

    C 1∈ D=0.05 mol
    C 2∈ D
    99 % recovery of C 2= × 100
    C 2∈ F
    C 2∈ D
    0.99=
    0.42(1 mol)
    C 2∈ D=0.4158 mol
    Overall C3 Balance:
    C 3∈ F=C 3∈ D+C 3∈B
    0.46(1mol)=C 3∈D+0.98(0.46 mol )
    C 3∈ D=0.0092mol

    Page 3 of 5
    SEPARATION PROCESSES

    No C4 in distillate due to low relative volatility therefore


    C 4∈ D=0
    Bottom:
    No C1 in bottom due to high relative volatility therefore
    C 1∈B=0
    Overall C2 balance
    C 2∈ F=C 2∈D+ C 2∈B
    0.42 ( 1mol )=0.4158 mol +C 2∈B
    C 2∈B=0.0042 mol
    C 3∈ B=0.98 ( 0.46 )=0.4508 mol
    No C4 in distillate due to low relative volatility therefore
    C 4∈B=0.07 mol
    F D B
    mol frac mol frac mol frac
    C1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10526 0 0
    C2 0.42 0.42 0.4158 0.87537 0.0042 0.008
    C3 0.46 0.46 0.0092 0.01937 0.4508 0.85867
    C4 0.07 0.07 0 0 0.07 0.13333
    0.475 1 0.525 1
    Total

    x DA

    N min =
    x
    ln BA
    ()
    x DB
    x BB
    ln ( α ave )

    0.87537

    N min =
    ln
    ( )
    0.008
    0.01937
    0.85867

    ln ( 1.71 )
    N min =16 stages

    3. For the conditions in Problem #2, estimate the minimum reflux ratio if the feed is liquid at the boiling point. About how
    many plates would be required at a reflux ratio 1.3 times the minimum?

    Page 4 of 5
    SEPARATION PROCESSES

    Dx DA Dx DB
    Lmin
    =
    ( ) ( )
    Fz FA
    −α AB
    Fz FB
    F α AB−1

    Lmin
    =
    ( 0.4158
    0.42 )
    −1.7 (
    0.0092
    0.46 )
    F 1.7−1
    Lmin
    =1.3657
    F
    Lmin F
    Rmin = ×
    F D
    1
    Rmin =1.3657 ×
    0.475
    Rmin =2.875

    Page 5 of 5

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