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Fourier Series & Fourier Transform

This report discusses Fourier series and Fourier transforms. Fourier series represent periodic functions as the sum of sines and cosines. The Fourier transform generalizes this idea to non-periodic functions, replacing the sum with an integral. Some key points covered include: representing a periodic function using its Fourier coefficients; the Fourier series contains only cosine or sine terms depending on if the function is even or odd; and a two-sided Fourier series representation using both positive and negative frequencies. The report also discusses how the Fourier transform handles non-periodic signals by replacing the sums in the Fourier series with integrals.

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Yasser Mohammed
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234 views12 pages

Fourier Series & Fourier Transform

This report discusses Fourier series and Fourier transforms. Fourier series represent periodic functions as the sum of sines and cosines. The Fourier transform generalizes this idea to non-periodic functions, replacing the sum with an integral. Some key points covered include: representing a periodic function using its Fourier coefficients; the Fourier series contains only cosine or sine terms depending on if the function is even or odd; and a two-sided Fourier series representation using both positive and negative frequencies. The report also discusses how the Fourier transform handles non-periodic signals by replacing the sums in the Fourier series with integrals.

Uploaded by

Yasser Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Al-Iraqia University
College of Engineering – Electrical Depatrment
Third Stage

Fourier Series &


Fourier Transform
This Report is submitted to fulfill the
Requirements of the Engineering Analysis
1st Semseter 2020

Prepared By
Yasser mohammed

Supervised By
Dr Farqad Talib Najim

2019-2020
Fourier Series
From your differential equations course, 18.03,
you know Fourier’s expression representing a
T-periodic time function x(t) as an infinite sum of
sines and cosines at the fundamental frequency
and its harmonics, plus a constant term equal to
the average value of the time function over a
period:

Where

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Some comments on symmetries
1. The integrals could have been taken over any interval of length
T, but the symmetric interval [−T 2 , T ] is most convenient for
us.
2. Note from the defining expressions that if x(t) is an even
function of t, i.e., if
x(−t) = x(t) ,
then bn = 0 for all n > 0, so only cosine terms appear in the
Fourier series. Similarly, if x(t) is an odd function of t, i.e., if
x(−t) = −x(t) ,
then an = 0 for all n ≥ 0, so only sine terms appear in the Fourier
series.

Recall some useful trigonometric identities

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A two-sided Fourier series
It is convenient for many purposes to rewrite the Fourier
series in yet another form, allowing both positive and
negative multiples of the fundamental frequency. To obtain
such a twosided representation, note that

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Non-periodic signals: From Fourier series to Fourier
transforms
We are often interested in non-periodic signals, for instance an x(t)
of finite duration, or one that decays to 0 as |t| ↑ ∞. The signals of
interest to us typically satisfy

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The Fourier transform
The resulting expressions replace (10) and (9) respectively by

Some additional observations


Remember that Xc(ω) is in general a complex number at each ω,
even though x(t) is real — reflecting the earlier definition Xcn = An +
jBn. We shall denote the real and imaginary parts of Xc(ω) by A(ω)
and B(ω) respectively, so
X^(ω) = A(ω) + jB(ω)

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Resources
1- Mr. Karan Asher
Electronics And Telecommunication, K.J.Somaiya College Of
Engineering University Of Mumbai, India
2- Prof. Brad Osgood
Electrical Engineering Department Stanford University

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