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ProMC Guide PDF

This document provides an introduction and guide to using PROMC, a software tool for analyzing multi-component seismic data. PROMC allows for the interpretation and analysis of both PP and PS seismic volumes, including well log correlation, event picking, VP/VS ratio mapping, and joint inversion of PP and PS data. The tutorial guides the user through loading multi-component seismic data into the Geoview software environment, enabling multi-component domain conversion, and preparing the data for further analysis in PROMC.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
183 views91 pages

ProMC Guide PDF

This document provides an introduction and guide to using PROMC, a software tool for analyzing multi-component seismic data. PROMC allows for the interpretation and analysis of both PP and PS seismic volumes, including well log correlation, event picking, VP/VS ratio mapping, and joint inversion of PP and PS data. The tutorial guides the user through loading multi-component seismic data into the Geoview software environment, enabling multi-component domain conversion, and preparing the data for further analysis in PROMC.

Uploaded by

mehrdad sadeghi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 91

PROMC 1

GUIDE TO PROMC
Introduction

PROMC is a tool designed to aid in the analysis and interpretation of Multi Component (MC)
seismic data. Multi component seismic can help with fracture detection, imaging through gas
clouds, lithology definition and fluid identification. It can also improve time lapse interpretation
by helping to resolve non-uniqueness between pressure and saturation changes.

Historically, it has been difficult to interpret PP and PS seismic volumes consistently. These
difficulties are related to the different event times and frequencies on the PS data, together with
differences in PP and PS reflectivity.

PROMC has been developed to create an easy-to-use and intuitive work environment for the
interpretation and analysis of Multi Component data.

Analysis of MC data generally includes the following steps:


1) Modeling of PP and PS synthetic seismograms.
2) Wavelet extraction from both the PP and the PS seismic.
3) Well log correlation to the seismic data.
4) Identification of key markers on the PP and PS data.
5) Event picking of key seismic markers on the PP and PS volumes.
6) Event matching between the PP and PS seismic.
7) Mapping of the VP/VS ratio throughout the 3D volume.
8) Joint inversion of PP and PS data to create 3D volumes of P-impedance, S-impedance,
VP/VS ratio and density.

This tutorial takes you through an example of Multi Component data analysis through to Vp/Vs
mapping and joint inversion.

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Starting Geoview

Geoview is the starting program for all the applications in the Hampson-Russell suite, including
ProMC. To start this tutorial, first start the Geoview program.

When you launch Geoview, the first window that you see contains a list of projects previously
opened in Geoview. For example, the figure below shows two previous projects, which could be
opened now. Your list will be blank if this is the first time you are running Geoview.

For this tutorial, we will start a new project. Before doing that, it will be helpful to set all the
data paths to point to the location where you have stored the tutorial data. To do that, click the
Settings tab:

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Now you can see a series of default locations for the Data Directory, Project Directory, and
Database Directory. We would like to change all of these to point to the directory where the
tutorial data is stored.

To change all of the directories to the same location, select the Settings tab and click on the
option Set all default directories to. Then click the button to the right:

In the File Selection Dialog, select the folder which contains the tutorial data and click Choose:

After setting all three paths, the Geoview window will now show the selected directories (note
that yours may be different):

When you have finished setting all the paths, click Apply to store these paths:

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Now select the Projects tab and click the New Project button:

A dialog appears to set the project name. We will call it ProMC Guide, as shown below. Enter
the project name and click OK on that dialog:

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Now a dialog appears, asking for the name of the database to use for this project:

The database stores all the wells used in this project. By default, Geoview creates a new
database, with the same name as the project and located in the same directory. For example, this
project is called ProMC Guide.prj, so the default database would be called ProMC Guide.wdb.
That would be desirable if we were starting a new project, intending to read in well logs from
external files. For this tutorial, to save time, we have already created a database, which has the
wells already loaded.

To use that database, click Specify database:

On the pop-up menu which appears, select Open. Then, select the database Well_database.wdb,
as shown, and click OK:

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Now the previous dialog shows the selected database and the new project name. Click OK to
accept this:

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The Geoview Start Window now looks like this:

Displaying the wells

The left part of the Geoview window (called the Project Manager) shows all the project data so
far. The tabs along the left side select the type of project data. Right now, the Well tab is
selected and we can see the single well from the external data base. Click the arrow sign near
that well to see a list of curves in that well:

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To see more details about the wells, click the Data Explorer tab to the right:

The Geoview window now changes as shown:

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Click the arrow next to the well name to get more information about the curves in that well:

From the following table, we can see a complete list of log curve within this well.

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Finally, to see the most complete view of the log curves within a well, find the icon for that well
within the Project Data window and double-click:

This creates a new tab within the Geoview window, called the Wells tab, which displays the
selected well curves:

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Global Domain Conversion

ProMC can map the seismic data between PP time, PS time and Depth. Before the seismic
volumes are loaded, we need to make the project ‘Multi component enabled’ so that we can
specify which data category and domain the seismic data volume belongs to. To do that, click the
arrow next to Multicomponent (ProMC) under the Processes tab in the project manager.

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Now, all the multicomponent processes are listed. Notice that only Global Domain
Conversion is activated:

Double click Global Domain Conversion and check on Multi component enabled:

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We will get a message asking whether we want to enable Multi-component domain conversion.
Click Ok.

The default velocity field model used for Domain Conversion is defined with a VP/VS ratio of
2. Since this ratio does not match the actual velocity structure, the converted PS data will not
properly align with the PP data. We will correlate the P and PS well logs to the seismic recorded
in each of those domains in the next step of the Guide and use the well velocities to correctly
define the relationship between the two datasets to bring them into alignment at the well location.
Click Ok to accept these defaults:

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Loading the Seismic Data

The next step is to load the seismic volumes. On the far left side of the Geoview window, click
the Seismic tab:

The window to the right of this tab shows all seismic data loaded so far. This is empty. Go to
the bottom of the window and click the Import Seismic button:

On the pull-down menu, select From SEG-Y File:

On the dialog that appears, we see two seismic files in the ProMC data directory. We will load
the P-wave seismic volume first. Click the Select button:

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Click Next at the base of the dialog:

On the next page, we are specifying that the file is 3D geometry. Click Next to accept the
default:

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On the third page, we specify the seismic volume is P data category with a PP time domain.
Since the inversion will be operated on angle domain, set the Bin Type to Angle.

Next, we specify what information can be found in the trace headers. In our case, we have both
Inline & Xline numbers and X & Y coordinates in the headers. So we accept the default settings
as shown below:

Click Next to see the SEG-Y Format page:

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By default, this page assumes that the seismic data is a SEG-Y file with all header values filled
in as per the standard SEG-Y convention. In this case, set the start byte for Inline and Xline to 9
and 13 respectively.

Now click Next to move to the next page. The following warning message appears because the
program is about to scan the entire SEG-Y file:

Click Yes to begin the scanning process. When the scanning has finished, the Geometry Grid
page appears:

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Because we have read in the proper header information, the geometry is correct. Click OK.
After building the geometry files, a new window appears, showing how each of the wells is
mapped into this seismic volume:

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In this case, the well is mapped to the correct Inline / Xline locations because the X and Y
locations have been properly set within the Geoview database. If this had not been done
previously, you would type in correct values for the Inline and Xline numbers.

Click OK to accept the locations shown on this window.

Now the seismic data appears within the Geoview window:

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The radial component data can now be loaded into the project. Select Import Seismic>From
SEG-Y File in the project manager. The program will open the directory from which the last
file loaded into this project was retrieved. Select PSwave.sgy and click Select. Click Next
twice.

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Click Next twice. This will bring up the third page:

Make sure the Data Category is in PS type and the Domain is in PS time. Click Next to get
the trace header information page:

Again, set the start byte of the inline and Xline to 9 and 13 respectivey. Click Next. The
following warning message appears because the program is about to scan the entire SEG-Y file:

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Click Yes to begin the scanning process. When the scanning has finished, the Geometry Grid
page appears:

This is the correct geometry for the PS-wave data. Click Ok. The PS data is now displayed in the
seismic window.

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Horizon Import

In most cases where MC data is available, the P wave interpretation has already been completed.
This interpretation can be imported into PROMC. Alternatively horizon can be picked within
Geoview. Later in this guide we will pick horizons on the converted PS-wave data.

Select Horizon>Import Horizons> From File on the seismic window to import the horizons for
this dataset.

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Once again locate the Guide directory and in the PROMC_Data subdirectory, select the
Horizons_PP.hrz file, as shown below.

Click Next to bring up the second page. Click View files at the bottom left on the dialogue.

A window will open displaying the first selected file. The file has four columns indicating Xline,
Inline and the time picks for two horizon files.

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Using the displayed pick file as a guide, update the information below. It is important to choose
a color other than red or blue for the horizons to avoid confusion during later PP-PS Horizon
Picking and Analysis processes. After selecting the appropriate colors and filling in the
required fields as shown below, press OK and close the window containing the pick file.

The two P-wave horizons, HRZ0 and HRZ4 are now displayed on the seismic window.

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PP Wavelet extraction and P-wave log correlation

Log correlation is the next phase of analysis. We will begin with wavelet extraction for log
correlation and the joint inversion in the latter part of the guide. There are two methods for
extracting the wavelets. One method uses the wells, and can give a good estimate of both
amplitude and phase spectra of the wavelet. However, that method cannot be used until the well
is correlated, i.e., until the proper depth-time relationship has been determined.

The second method – called “statistical” – uses the seismic data alone to extract the wavelet.
This method will estimate the amplitude spectrum from the seismic data, but we must make an
assumption about the phase – typically we assume the data are zero-phase. In this step, we are
extracting a set of statistical wavelets.

Double click the Extract Statistical Wavelet under the Processes tab on the Project
Manager window.

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The following dialogue appears. By default, the program will examine the entire data volume,
but this is rarely appropriate. In particular, we want to set a time window around the zone of
interest. Change the dialog to extract using the limited time window displayed on the screen.

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When you have changed the dialog as shown above, click Show Advanced Options. Use a 10 ms
taper:

Click OK. The extracted wavelet appears in its own pop-up window:

The wavelet display is currently “floating”. We can dock it into the Wavelets tab by clicking
the “airplane” icon on the bottom right of the display:

The next step is to correlate the Wells, so double-click Log Correlation in the project manager,
as shown below:

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The process of Log Correlation examines the current depth-time conversion table and optimizes
it so that the derived synthetic optimally matches the seismic. This is necessary because the
depth-time curve derived from the input sonic log is rarely sufficient for that purpose. Of course,
if check shot data are available, that should be applied first. But experience has shown that fine-
tuning of the correlation between the synthetic and seismic is still required.

In practice, each of the wells used to build the inversion model needs to be correlated. For this
tutorial, we have only one well. Select the well to be correlated and click Ok:

The dialog which appears allows us to specify which seismic volume and wavelet will be used
for the correlation process. The synthetic is calculated using the zero-offset equation, which is
consistent with the input seismic volume.

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We create the composite trace by averaging the traces around the borehole location which we are
using for the seismic correlation. For a vertical well, such as this one, that means averaging a
selected set of neighboring traces around the borehole. By default this is plus or minus 1 inline
or crossline:

Click Ok. The Log Correlation Window now appears:

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The blue traces on this display are synthetic traces calculated from the sonic and density logs in
this well, using the depth-time curve currently stored in the database and the wavelet we have
previously extracted. The red traces are the average or “composite” traces extracted from the
seismic data. Actually all the red traces are identical, since there is only a single composite trace.

The plot at the upper right shows the cross correlation between the synthetic trace and the
composite trace:

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The cross correlation report at the base of the window shows that the current correlation between
the synthetic and the seismic pilot trace is only 0.01 at the current alignment. However, it also
shows a much larger correlation occurs at a shift of 59 ms. Press Apply Shift.

That correlation result depends on the analysis window, which can be improved. The cross
correlation window defaults to be the largest possible window containing both the synthetic and
real trace. This can usually be improved by narrowing the analysis to the region when the log tie
is best. Change the parameters as shown below and click Apply.

The correlation plot now shows a maximum correlation of 40.3 %.

Using the left mouse button to click on the strong peak near the end of the synthetic trace and
then click again on the strong peak of the duplicate red trace at HRZ4. Then click on the trough
at HRZ0 of both the seismic and synthetic traces. The display will look like the one below.

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Then click the Stretch button.

Now the correlation has been greatly improved. Click Apply Shift to accept the default time
shift to reach the maximum correlation of 79.6 %.

We could continue to improve this correlation by extracting a wavelet using the wells, but for
this tutorial, we will assume that the current correlation is satisfactory. Click OK to accept this
correlation.

A dialog pops up suggesting a name for the new sonic log we have created by the log correlation
process. Even though this process, by default, has only changed the depth-time curve and not the

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actual sonic log, Geoview calculates a new sonic log (identical to the previous) as a place holder
for identifying the new depth-time curve. Click OK to accept that new name:

PS wavelet extraction and shear wave log correlation

The wavelet extraction and correlation steps must now be repeated with the PS data and the PS-
wave log. Double click the Extract Statistical Wavelet under the Processes tab on the Project
Manager window.

On the new dialogue that appears, change the parameters as shown:

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When you have changed the dialog as shown above, click Show Advanced Options. Use a 10 ms
taper:

Click OK. The extracted wavelet appears in its own pop-up window. Click the Wavelets tab at the
bottom right of the display to dock the window.

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The first step of the shear wave log correlation is to activate the PS-wave data in its own time
domain in the well log window. Click the Wells tab on top of the window to bring up the well
log window:

Select PS time on the Display Domain pull-down menu at the top the well log window:

The well logs are now displayed in PS time. Click the Log Correlation button:

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The log correlation dialogue is displayed. In the case of the P-wave correlation, we used a zero
offset synthetic to correlate with the data. However, there is no PS response at zero offset so the
synthetic is generated at an incident angle of 15 degrees.

Specify the parameters as shown in the dialog that appears.

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The Log Correlation Window now appears:

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Set the correlation calculation window as shown below and click Apply button:

Click Apply Shift.


As described for the PP time domain, a stretch-and-squeeze can be applied. Continue with two
tie pairs as shown for a finer adjustment.

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Click Stretch at the bottom of the window.

Again, click Apply Shift to accept the default time shift of 2 ms to reach the maximum
correlation of 60.1 %.

Click OK to accept this correlation.

On the dialog that pops up, click OK to accept that new name:

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Synthetic Modeling

Next we will create pre-stack synthetics. Our first synthetics will represent the PS (converted
wave) response. Select Create AVO Synthetics from project manager.

Change the Output Synthetic Name, the Depth range and the Uniform Range parameters.
This will model 10 offsets ranging from 0 to 400 meters. Select the PS Synthetic modeling
option.

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Click Show advanced Options. The time window should be set from 0 -1500 ms and for
this synthetic:

Click OK.

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The PS pre-stack synthetic will appear in the well log window as shown below. The first trace
has no amplitude because there is no P-wave to S-wave conversion at 0 offset.

Next we will create a standard P-wave Zoeprittz synthetic. Most of the parameters remain
exactly the same for the generation of this synthetic. Change only the Output Name and the
Wavelet and unselect the PS Synthetic:

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Click OK. The PP synthetic is then displayed on the well log window:

The most useful way to look at the synthetic displays is to put them together with the
corresponding seismic in the same window. Click the Eye button on the well log window

At the top of the Log Display Menu that is displayed, click the Seismic View tab. Arrange the
seismic pane in the well log window as shown below:

Click Ok. The four seismic panes in the well log window are displayed next to each other:

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Build a velocity model

Now, we have correlated the well for both P-wave and S-wave data. It is more desirable to build
a velocity model with the correlated logs. The velocity model can be used in domain conversion
between PP and PS data. Double click Global Domain Conversion in processes list:

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To build a velocity model with the correlated logs, click Edit Velcotiy button:

The Velocity Field Model dialogue is displayed. Click New:

Select the P & S Depth-Time curves in the Velcotiy Source. We have depth-time curve for
both P-wave and S-wave logs, so check off Vp/Vs is Constant. Then select the the depth-time
curves for both P-wave and S-wave. Click Ok:

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Now the new velocity model and its parameters are shown on Setup Multi Component
Domain Conversion window. Click Ok to accept the changes.

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Horizon Picking and Event Registration

Obviously, the PP seismic horizons do not match the PS data anywhere but at the well location.
This indicates that the VP/VS ratio is changing laterally and the current velocity model is not
adequate to match the data. However, now that we have matched the events at the well location,
we can easily identify the correct horizons to track on the PS seismic. Next we will pick key
markers on the PS data and then use the PP-PS Horizon Picking and Analysis feature to
improve the PS to PP domain conversion. Double click PP-PS Horizon Picking and
Analysis in processes list:

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On the dialoue that appears, specify the PP volume and PS volume. Click Ok.

On the window that appears, both of the P-wave and PS-wave seismic data are displayed in their
own domain. On the right side of the window, it displays the Vp/Vs ratio curve at the mouse
position on the seismic window.

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Click Well Jump Options and select the well. This will display the inline section at the well
location.

We can start picking horizons by clicking Create Horizons from Tops.

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The purpose of this option is to create horizons with picks that correspond to the chosen tops. In
this case, two horizons would be created with one pick each that corresponds to the selected top
position at the well location. In the Create Horizon from Tops dialogue, check on PS Base
Name to indicate that we will pick horizons on PS data.

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Alternatively, we can create the horizons by clicking Pick Horizon on the left side of the
window.

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On the Picking Horizon window that is displayed, assign a unique PS data name for the first
horizon and choose a new color for the picks display.

A new set of options will appear at the bottom of the screen. Change the picking Mode to Left &
Right Repeat and set the Snap to Zero Crossing.

Place one pick at the zero crossing on Well One at Top T0 and the program will pick across the
rest of the line.

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Change the display to Xline 258 and place a pick on the zero crossing pick identified from the
first Inline pick.

The horizon is picked across Xline 258:

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Pick two or three more Xline locations, especially in the area of Xlines 300, 328 and 337 where
the picks may need some additional control. The current horizon we are picking is displayed by
clicking Horizon tab at the lower right of the screen:

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Select Options>Automatic Picking at the bottom of the window:

The following dialogue will appear:

The default options in automatic picking will work well on this data. Click OK. The horizon map
on the right side of the window shows the horizon.

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If we are satisfied with this horizon, click Ok on the Picking dialog to finish the first horizon
picking.

Again, click Well Jump Options and select the well. This will display the Xline section at the
well location.

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Now we are going to pick the second horizon. Click Pick Horizon.

Fill in the parameters as shown:

Click Ok. On the bottom of the screen, change the picking Mode to Left & Right Repeat and set
the Snap to Peak.

Place one pick at the zero crossing on Well One at Top T4 and the program will pick across the
rest of the line.

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Change the display to Inline, and pick 4 more inline locations in the area of Inlines 230, 260,
290, and 307.

Again, select Options>Automatic Picking

The following dialogue will appear:

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Again, accept the defaults and click OK. The horizon is displayed on the right side of the
window.

Click Ok at the bottom of the screen. Now, we have picked the second horizon.

The key horizons above and below the reservoir interval are now tracked over the entire 3D
volume. These horizons can be used to match event times between the PP and PS seismic data
and determine the spatial changes in VP/VS ratio.

Click Local Event Matching on the far left side of the window:

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Check on Local Event Matching to enable adding horizons:

Click Add Link. Select the PP horizons and PS horizons as shown below:

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Click Save to Global. On the dialogue that pops up, click Yes. We are acknowledging that the
event matching will be saved and used in the following domain conversion.

Click Ok:

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Click QC Vp/Vs tab at the lower right of the window:

After event matching has been turned on, the Vp/Vs ratio background color in the seismic views
will be updated to reflect the event matching correction. Details of the Vp/Vs ratio changes (at
the cursor position within either one of the seismic views) are displayed in the QC Vp/Vs graph
at the right of the window. The graph shows the original Vp/Vs ratio in blue color and the
updated Vp/Vs ratio in red color. To the right of the Vp/Vs curves is a difference curve which
shows the relative difference of the Vp/Vs ratios.

We can also show a Vp/Vs QC map in this window. To do this, click Params for Vp/Vs map
at the lower right of the window.

After setting the parameters as shown on the window that appears, click Apply.

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Click Vp/Vs map tab:

Now we see the Vp/Vs map window displaying the Vp/Vs ratio within the two horizons.

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VP/VS Mapping

These same Vp/Vs QC maps can be output by running a separate option outside of PP-PS
Horizon Picking and Analysis.

This option is called VP/VS Attributes and is found under Multicomponent (ProMC) on the
main processing list.

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Choose a name for your slice, fill in the options below and click Ok to create the VP/VS maps:

The resulting Interval VP/VS ratio map shows the spatial variation of the velocity ratio across the
survey area. This map is computed from the PP and PS travel times at the top and base of the
reservoir interval. In this case, lower VP/VS ratios correspond to the cleanest reservoir sands.

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Building the Initial Model

We are now ready to perform the next step, which is Build/Rebuild Advanced Strata Model.
Double-click that item on the processes list:

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We want to create a new model with the default name. On the dialog which appears, accept
defaults and click Next.

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On the second page, select Typical setup for MC PP/ PS Domain conversion and Joint
Inversion to build a typical multi-component model. Click Next:

On the third page, click Select All to include the well in the model.

Click Next. The following page will be displayed, where we will specify the reference geometry
of the strata model. Select Pwave from the pull-down menu.

On the page that appears, click Next to accept the default selection of log types to model:

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We will get the following page. Here, we specify the logs to be used for each log type. We use
the active logs for S-wave, P-wave, Depth-time and Density. The P-impudence, S-impedance
and Depth-time VpVs_ratio are computed from these active logs. Accept the defaults and click
Next:

On the page that appears, we will accept the default time range which is the time range of the
sepecified reference volume.

Click Next, and we will get the following page. We will use all the horizons picked on P-wave
seismic volume in the project.

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Accept the defaults and Click Next. The last page for creating the model appears. After
interpolating the well log curves, a low-pass frequency filter will be applied, which, by default,
passes all frequencies up to 10 Hz, filters all frequencies above 15 Hz, and interpolates the filter
between those limits.

Click Ok to build the strata model. The Geoview window now shows the calculated initial model
within the Models tab:

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That model actually consists of seven components. We can see any of the other components by
right-clicking as shown:

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Introduction to PP/PS Joint Inversion

The next step in the data analysis will be a Joint Inversion of the PP and PS seismic volumes.
This Joint Inversion will use an initial Low Frequency Model created from the extrapolated well
log, updated by the horizon matching performed in Domain Conversion. Then the Model Based
inversion will update this initial model to create new models of P Impedance, S impedance,
VP/VS ratio and density that are consistent with the PP and PS seismic amplitude volumes.

In the old CE8 program, we need to create the PS statistical wavelet in the PP time domain. This
option requires that seismic window shows PS data displayed in PP Time. The following figure
shows the flowchart of the joint inversion process:

In the current version, we have improved the inversion process which will give a better inversion
result. In the current inversion process, it has avoided the PS wavelet having to be given in PP
time.

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In this tutorial, we will show how we perform the joint inversion using this improved method.

Performing PP/PS Inversion Analysis

The next step is to perform Inversion Analysis. This is the process of running inversion at the
well locations to QC and optimizes the inversion parameters. At the same time, scalars are
automatically determined which scale the input seismic data to the amplitude range of the
synthetic seismic data. In the project manager, double-click PP-PS Joint Inversion Analysis:

On the dialogue that is displayed, it specifies the P-wave and PS-wave seismic. The newly
created strata model is used as the initial model. The P and PS wavelets in their own time domain

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used for the inversion are displayed at the bottom. Click Select All to include the well. Note
that you can use different wells than the wells used to build the initial model.

Click Next on the MC Inversion Menu dialogue. Now the following page appears:

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Click Well data cross plot.

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Pre-stack inversion is a non-unique process. This means there are many geological answers
consistent with the input seismic data. One way Geoview uses to reduce the non-uniqueness is
to provide a background trend relating the variables Zp, Zs, and density. This dialog contains
that trend information, as derived from the well logs in the model.

The window shows plots of ZS vs ZP and Density vs ZP on a log-log scale. The assumption in this
process is that, in the absence of hydrocarbons, there is a roughly linear relationship between
these variables. The program then looks for deviations from these linear trends. The red lines
indicate the current linear trend, which has been fit automatically through the points.

Generally, the automatically derived trend lines are quite acceptable.

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Click OK to transfer the required parameters to the Main Inversion window.

Click Ok on the MC Inversion Menu. The Inversion Analysis window now appears, showing
the inversion result at the well location.

From left to right, the display shows the inversion results (in red) overlaying the original logs
from the well. To the right of that, we see the two wavelets that are used for the inversion
analysis.

If we move the slide bar further to the right, we see the synthetic traces calculated from this
inversion (in red) followed by the original seismic trace (in black). Finally, we see the error
gather, which is the difference between the two previous results. As hoped, the error is small,
indicating that the inversion is mathematically correct, i.e., this inversion creates a synthetic trace
which matches the real trace.

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PROMC 79

To the upper right of the display are a series of buttons, which allow us to fine-tune the
inversion. For example, the Invert button allows you to manipulate the inversion parameters. If
you hold the mouse pointer over this button, the word “Invert” will appear. Click this button.
Under the Inversion Window tab, we can define a target window to perform the inversion
analysis. For example, set the two horizons to define the analysis window. We can also
experiment with other parameters to reach the best inversion result.

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Applying the Inversion

Now that we have optimized the parameters at the well locations, the last step is to apply the
inversion to the entire volume. Click Run on the left of the window:

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PROMC 81

The dialog which appears shows all the inversion parameters which we have already set during
the inversion analysis phase.

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In this case, we will invert the entire volume, so click Ok at the base of the dialog to start that
process. When the inversion process is done, the result is displayed in a split-screen along with
the initial model:

Click Well Jump Options and select Well One at the top of the window.

The inversion result around the well loaction will be displayed.

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PROMC 83

Modifying the Inversion display

The default split-screen display is very useful for looking at the results, but there are many
improvements possible.

For example, you can increase the available plot space by clicking on the “x” on the Project
Manager window, as shown, to temporarily hide that window:

To restore the Project Manager window, click its name to the left:

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You can also temporarily hide one of the views. For example, click on the first icon shown
below to temporarily hide View 1, which shows the model:

To restore View 1, click it again:

View 2 is currently showing the derived Zp volume:

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PROMC 85

Actually, there are three volumes loaded into this view. To see one of the others, right-click
within the window as shown:

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Now the shear impedance (Zs) volume is showing in View 2:

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PROMC 87

Even more useful is to see two output volumes at the same time. To do this, open up View 3 by
clicking the third icon:

Now there are three windows, but one of them is blank:

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Move a copy of the output data into View 3 by left-clicking anywhere within the View 2 display
and, holding the left mouse button down, dragging it to the empty View 3:

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PROMC 89

Now we have the Zs volume visible in both View 2 and 3:

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Finally, right click on the View 2 display and change that to show Zp:

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PROMC 91

Select File> Exit as shown to save the project and exit the program.

Close the program by selecting Yes on the dialogue that pops up.

April 2015

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