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Experiment No. 3: ISC (Class - 12)

This experiment aims to verify the laws of series and parallel combinations of resistances using a meter bridge. Resistances r1 and r2 are measured individually and then connected in series and parallel combinations. Their equivalent resistances, RS and RP, are measured and recorded in tables. The values obtained experimentally are then compared to theoretical values calculated using the formulas for series and parallel combinations to verify Ohm's laws. Precautions like ensuring tight connections and detecting the null point in the central region of the meter bridge are important for accurate results.

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Bindeswar Saha
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3K views3 pages

Experiment No. 3: ISC (Class - 12)

This experiment aims to verify the laws of series and parallel combinations of resistances using a meter bridge. Resistances r1 and r2 are measured individually and then connected in series and parallel combinations. Their equivalent resistances, RS and RP, are measured and recorded in tables. The values obtained experimentally are then compared to theoretical values calculated using the formulas for series and parallel combinations to verify Ohm's laws. Precautions like ensuring tight connections and detecting the null point in the central region of the meter bridge are important for accurate results.

Uploaded by

Bindeswar Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

3 : ISC (Class – 12)

Aim: To Verify Laws of Combination (Series and Parallel) of Resistances using a Meter Bridge

Apparatus: (1) A meter bridge (2) a Leclanche cell (3) a table galvanometer (4) a resistance box (5) Two
resistances coils (6) Jockey (7) connecting wires (8) a one way key

Theory of Experiment:

A practical form of Wheatstone bridge is meter bridge. It can measure an unknown resistance following the
working principle of Wheatstone bridge. If P, Q, R, S are the resistances of four arms of the Wheatstone
bridge, then the condition of null position is,
𝑃 𝑅 𝑄
= ⟹ 𝑆=𝑅×𝑃 -------- (i)
𝑄 𝑆

If the values of P, Q and R are known, then the unknown resistance S can be determined.

If resistances 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 are connected in series combination, then their equivalent resistance is given by,
𝑅𝑆 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 -------- (ii)

This formula is valid for series combination of resistances.

Again, if resistances 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 are connected in series combination, then their equivalent resistance is,
𝑟 𝑟
𝑅𝑃 = 𝑟 1+𝑟2 -------- (iii)
1 2

This formula is valid for parallel combination of resistances.

The values of resistance 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 are determined by meter bridge. At first connecting 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 in series
combination and then in parallel combination their respective equivalent resistance 𝑅𝑆 and 𝑅𝑃 are determined
by meter bridge.

Shouvik Das Page | 1


Observation:

1.Table for determining unknown resistance:

Table 1

Resistance Obs Resistance Balancing Length Unknown Mean Average

Coil No. from length (AJ (JB = resistance 𝑺 = unknown Resistance


resistance = 𝒍 cm) 𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝒍 resistance in ohm
(𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑹( ) ohm
𝒍
box R ohm S ohm
𝒍)cm)

1.
Only 𝑟1 𝑟1 =
2.

3.
Only 𝑟2 𝑟2 =
4.

𝑟1 and 𝑟2 5.
connected 𝑅𝑆 =
6.
in series
𝑟1 and 𝑟2 7.
connected 𝑅𝑃 =
8.
in parallel

2.Table for verification of laws of combination:

Table 2

Type of Equivalent resistance of 𝒓𝟏 and

𝒓𝟏 in ohm 𝒓𝟐 in ohm
combination 𝒓𝟐 ohm Conclusions
Values from Values from
experiment equations

Series

Parallel

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Precautions and Discussions:

1) All the connections and plugs of the resistance box should be tight.
2) It is to be noticed that while sliding the jockey, it should have no contact with the wire. It should move
gently over the metre bridge wire.
3) Null point should be confined to the central region of the wire i.e., at 40-60 cm.
4) If the circuit gets heated up highly for any reason, the wire AB may bend. Immediately, the circuit should
be disconnected. After waiting for some time, the wire will regain its original shape.

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