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1 Differential Calculus: Integration Course 1 for CE

3.1 Differential Calculus

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Differential Calculus

Introduction to the Topic:

Calculus is that branch of mathematics that deals with change, growth, decay,
maximizing and minimizing. It is the tool needed most of engineers, scientist,
mathematicians, and researchers. The invention and development of Calculus is
shared by the Englishman scientist Isaac Newton and German mathematician
Gottfried Leibnitz.

Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the session the students should be able to:

1. Evaluate a limit using properties of limits, dividing out technique. and rationalizing
technique.

2. Find a related rates.

3. Use related rates to solve real-life problems

4. Solve applied minimum and maximum problems.

PROPERTIES OF LIMITS:

1. The limit of the algebraic sum of several functions is equal to the sum of their limits.
2. The limit of the product of several functions is equal to the product of their limits.
3. The limit of the quotient of two functions is equal to the quotient of their limits,
provided the denominator is not zero.
4. A function with a seemingly meaningless limit may have a real limit, if the proper
solution is applied.

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Example 1

Example 2

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Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

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Example 6

THE DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION

Be sure you see that the derivative of a function of x is also a function of x. This “new”
function gives the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f at the point (x, f(x)),
provided that the graph has a tangent line at this point.

The derivative can also be used to determine the instantaneous rate of change (or
simply rate of change) of one variable with respect to another.

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The process of finding the derivative of a function is called differentiation. A function

is differentiable at x when its derivative exists at x and is differentiable on an open
interval (a, b) when it is differentiable at every point in the interval.

You have seen how the derivative is used to determine slope.

The derivative can also be used to determine the rate of change of one variable with
respect to another.

Applications involving rates of change occur in a wide variety of fields.

A few examples are population growth rates, production rates, water flow rates,
velocity, and acceleration.

A common use for rate of change is to describe the motion of an object moving in a
straight line.

In such problems, it is customary to use either a horizontal or a vertical line with a

designated origin to represent the line of motion.

On such lines, movement to the right (or upward) is considered to be in the positive
direction, and movement to the left (or downward) is considered to be in the negative
direction.

Example 1

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Example 2

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OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

One of the most common applications of calculus involves the determination of

minimum and maximum values.

Example 1

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For more references, kindly check TIP Online Resources

TIP Library (https://www.tip.edu.ph/library.html)

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part, without prior consent of T.I.P.

END OF TODAY'S LECTURE.

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