Lesson 1 - Simple Stress

MECH 313- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES
LESSON PROPER:
SIMPLE STRESS:
Simple stress are expressed as the ratio of the applied force divided by the resisting area
or:
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆
𝝈=
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
It is the expression of force per unit area to structural members that are subjected to
external forces and/or induced forces. Stress is the lead to accurately describe and predict the
deformation of a body.
Simple stress can be classified as normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress. Normal
stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the material.
If the force is going to pull the material, the stress is said to be tensile stress and compressive
stress develops when the material is being stressed by two opposing forces. Shear stress is
developed if the applied force is parallel to the resisting area. Example of which is the bolt that
holds the tension rod in its anchor. Another condition of shearing is when we twist a bar along
its longitudinal axis which is called torsion. Another type of simple stress is bearing stress,
wherein it is the contact pressure between two bodies.
Normal Stresses
Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength. It is the
force on a member divided by area, which carries the force, formerly express in psi, now in
N/mm2 or MPa.
𝑷
𝝈=
𝑨
where P is the applied normal load in Newton and A is the area in mm2. The maximum stress in
tension or compression occurs over a section normal to the load.
Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to pure
tension (or tensile force) is under tensile stress, while compression members (members subject
to compressive force) are under compressive stress.
Compressive force will tend to shorten the member. Tension force on the other hand
will tend to lengthen the member.
Example 1:
A composite bar consists of an aluminum section rigidly fastened between a bronze
section and a steel section as shown in the figure 1.1 below. Axial loads are applied at the
positions indicated. Determine the stress in each section.
Figure 1.1
Solution:
To calculate the stresses, we must first determine the axial load in each section. The
appropriate free-body diagrams are shown in figure 1.2 below from which we determine
Pbr=4000 lb (tension) and Pst=7000 lb (compression).
Figure 1.2
The stresses in each section are:

4000 𝑙𝑏
𝜎𝑏𝑟 = 1.2 𝑖𝑛2
= 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 (tension) Note that neither the lengths nor the
materials from which the sections are
5000 𝑙𝑏
𝜎𝑎𝑙 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 (compression) made after calculations of the
1.8 𝑖𝑛2
stresses.
7000 𝑙𝑏
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = = 𝟒𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 (compression)
1.6 𝑖𝑛2
Example 2:
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN.
Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m 2.
Solution:
Figure 1.3
Example 3:
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown in Fig.
Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120
MPa in steel.
Figure 1.4
Solution:
Figure 1.5
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
1. The homogeneous bar shown in Fig. 1.6 is supported by a smooth pin at C and a cable that
runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is 0.6
inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb. (Answer: 10458.72 psi)
Figure 1.6
2.) A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel and bronze sections,
as shown in Fig. 1.7. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. If P = 3000 lb and the cross-
sectional area of the rod is 0.5 in 2, determine the stress in each section. (Answer: 𝝈𝒔𝒕 =
𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊; 𝝈𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊; 𝝈𝒃𝒓 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝒔𝒊)
Figure 1.7
3.) An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in Fig. 1.8.
Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will not
exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa. (Answer:
10000 N)
Figure 1.8
4.) Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires shown in Fig. 1.9. The
stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of wires AB and AC are 0.4
in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively. (Answer: 17.1 kips)
Figure 1.9
5.) A 12-inches square steel bearing plate lies between an 8-inches diameter wooden post and a
concrete footing as shown in Fig. 1.10. Determine the maximum value of the load P if the stress
in wood is limited to 1800 psi and that in concrete to 650 psi. (Answer: 90478 lb)

Lesson 1 - Simple Stress

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 1 - Simple Stress

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 1 - Simple Stress

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MECH 313- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

The stresses in each section are:

You might also like