304 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Problems
8.30–8.32 Given the state of stress shown, determine the stress components act-
ing on the inclined plane a-a. Solve by drawing the free-body diagram of the shaded
wedge and applying the equilibrium equations.

6 ksi

25°

FIG. P8.31 FIG. P8.32

FIG. P8.30

8.33–8.37 The state of stress at a point is shown with respect to the xy-axes.
Determine the equivalent state of stress with respect to the x 0 y 0 -axes. Show the results
on a sketch of an element aligned with the x 0 y 0 -axes.

80 MPa

y y′
60 MPa
x
35° x′

100 MPa

FIG. P8.33 FIG. P8.34 FIG. P8.35

1.5 ksi

11.3 ksi
y
y′ 5.5 ksi
50° x
x′

FIG. P8.36 FIG. P8.37

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 8.6 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 305

6 ksi

y
6 ksi
x

12 ksi

FIG. P8.38 FIG. P8.39 FIG. P8.40 FIG. P8.41

8.38–8.41 For the state of stress shown, determine the principal stresses and the
principal directions. Show the results on a sketch of an element aligned with the prin-
cipal directions.
8.42–8.45 For the state of stress shown, determine the maximum in-plane shear
stress. Show the results on a sketch of an element aligned with the planes of max-
imum in-plane shear stress.

FIG. P8.42 FIG. P8.43

50 MPa

30 MPa
y
70 MPa
x

FIG. P8.44 FIG. P8.45

8.6 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress

Mohr’s circle, a graphical representation of the transformation equations,2 is
a popular method of stress transformation for two reasons. First, it allows us
to visualize how the normal and shear stress components vary with the angle

2 This graphical method was developed in 1882 by Otto Mohr, a German engineer. The method
is also applicable to the transformation of strain and moment of inertia of area.

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 312 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Problems
Solve the following problems using Mohr’s circle.
8.46–8.49 For state of stress shown, (a) draw the Mohr’s circle; and (b) determine
the radius R of the circle and the coordinate s of its center.

FIG. P8.46 FIG. P8.47

60 MPa

y
20 MPa
x

30 MPa

FIG. P8.49
FIG. P8.48

8.50–8.56 The state of stress at a point is shown with respect to the xy-axes.
Determine the equivalent state of stress with respect to the x 0 y 0 -axes. Display the re-
sults on a sketch of an element aligned with the x 0 y 0 -axes.

40 MPa

y
y′
80 MPa
x
x′ 60°

FIG. P8.51 FIG. P8.52 FIG. P8.53

FIG. P8.50

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 Problems 313

8 ksi

2 ksi
y y′

25°x 4 ksi
x′

FIG. P8.54 FIG. P8.55 FIG. P8.56

8.57–8.61 For the state of stress shown, determine (a) the principal stresses; and
(b) the maximum in-plane shear stress. Show the results on properly oriented ele-
ments.

60 MPa
90 MPa
y
30 MPa
x

FIG. P8.57 FIG. P8.58 FIG. P8.59

FIG. P8.60 FIG. P8.61

8.62 The state of stress at a point is the result of two loadings. When acting alone,
the first loading produces the 3-ksi pure shear with respect to the xy-axes. The second
loading alone results in the 4-ksi pure shear with respect to the x 0 y 0 -axes. The angle
between the two sets of axes is y ¼ 30 as shown. If the two loadings act simulta-
neously, determine (a) the state of stress at this point with respect to the xy-axis; and
(b) the principal stresses and the principal planes. Show the results on properly ori-
FIG. P8.62, P8.63
ented elements.
8.63 Solve Prob. 8.62 if y ¼ 45 .

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 314 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

8.64 The state of stress at a point is the result of two loadings. When acting sepa-
rately, the loadings produce the two states of stress shown in the figure. If the two
loadings are applied simultaneously, find the principal stresses and the principal
planes. Show the results on properly oriented elements.

40 MPa 20 MPa

y
y⬘
x
x⬘
45⬚

(a) (b)

FIG. P8.64

8.65 The figure shows the state of stress at a point. Knowing that the maximum
in-plane shear stress at this point is 10 MPa, determine the value of sy .
8.66 The figure shows the state of stress at a point. Knowing that the normal
stress acting on the plane a-a is 4 ksi tension, determine the value of sx .

12 ksi
a
30°
σx
x
a

FIG. P8.65 FIG. P8.66

8.7 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress

Up to this point, our discussion has been limited to in-plane transformation
of stress (transformation in the xy-plane). The largest shear stress encoun-
tered in this transformation is called the maximum in-plane shear stress and
is denoted by tmax . However, tmax is not necessarily the largest shear stress at
a point. To find the largest shear stress, called the absolute maximum shear
stress, we must also consider transformations in the other two coordinate
planes.

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 318 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Problems
8.67–8.73 For the state of plane stress shown, determine (a) the maximum in-
plane shear stress and (b) the absolute maximum shear stress.

y
6 kN

10 kN
x

FIG. P8.67 FIG. P8.68 FIG. P8.69

FIG. P8.70 FIG. P8.71

32 MPa
24 MPa
y
18 MPa
x

FIG. P8.72 FIG. P8.73

8.74–8.76 For the triaxial state of stress shown, find the absolute maximum
shear stress.

20 MPa

FIG. P8.74 FIG. P8.75 FIG. P8.76

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 326 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Problems
8.77 The 60-mm-diameter bar carries a compressive axial force P. If the working
stresses are sw ¼ 70 MPa and tw ¼ 20 MPa, determine the largest P that can be
applied safely.

FIG. P8.77 FIG. P8.78

8.78 Two 50-mm by 100-mm wooden joists are glued together along a 40 joint as
shown. Determine (a) the state of stress at point A with respect to the xyz-axis; and
(b) the normal and shear stresses acting on the glued joint.
8.79 A 1/4-in.-thick strip of steel is welded along a 20 spiral to make the thin-
walled tube. Find the magnitudes of the normal and shear stresses acting in the
welded seam due to the 1200-kip
ft torque.

FIG. P8.79 FIG. P8.80

8.80 The solid steel shaft 100 mm in diameter and 8 m long is subjected simulta-
neously to an axial compressive force of 600 kN and a torque T that twists the shaft
through 1:5 . If the shear modulus of steel is 80 GPa, find the maximum normal and
shear stresses in the shaft.
8.81 The solid shaft of a small turbine is 4 in. in diameter and supports an axial
compressive load of 100 kips. Determine the horsepower that the shaft can transmit
at 250 rev/min without exceeding the working stresses sw ¼ 13 ksi and tw ¼ 10 ksi.
8.82 The hollow steel propeller shaft of a motor boat has a 3-in. outer diameter
and a 2.5-in. inner diameter. When running at maximum power, the propeller exerts
a thrust of 18 kips and the shaft is twisted through 0:8 in a length of 10 ft. Using
G ¼ 12  106 psi, determine the maximum normal and shear stresses in the shaft.

FIG. P8.81 FIG. P8.82

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 Problems 327

8.83 The 30-mm-diameter shaft of the wind turbine carries an axial thrust of 50
kN and transmits 2.5 kW of power at 2 Hz. Determine the maximum normal stress
in the shaft.
8.84 The T-bracket is formed by welding together two cylindrical rods AB and
CD. If the allowable shear stress is 80 MPa, what is the smallest allowable diameter
of rod AB? Neglect the stress caused by the transverse shear force.

30 mm

16 kN
C 300
mm

B 300
mm
8.4 kN

240 mm A D
FIG. P8.83
FIG. P8.84 FIG. P8.85

8.85 The 3-in.-diameter rod carries a bending moment of 2210 lb
ft and the
torque T. Determine the largest T that can be applied if the working stresses are
sw ¼ 18 ksi and tw ¼ 14 ksi.
8.86 The solid 80-mm-diameter bar carries a torque T and a tensile force of 125
kN acting 20 mm from the centerline of the bar. Find the largest safe value of T if the
working stresses are sw ¼ 100 MPa and tw ¼ 80 MPa.

FIG. P8.86 FIG. P8.87

8.87 The shaft 50 mm in diameter carries a 1.0-kN lateral force and a torque T.
Determine the largest T that can be applied if the working stresses are sw ¼ 140 MPa
and tw ¼ 80 MPa. Neglect the stress due to the transverse shear force.
8.88 The working stresses for the circular bar AB are sw ¼ 120 MPa and tw ¼ 60
MPa. Determine the smallest radius of the bar that can carry the 2-kN load. Neglect
the stress due to the transverse shear force.
8.89 A solid 100-mm-diameter shaft carries simultaneously an axial tensile force
of 160 kN, a maximum bending moment of 6 kN
m, and a torque of 9 kN
m. FIG. P8.88
Compute the maximum tensile, compressive, and shear stresses in the shaft.

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 328 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

8.90 Determine the maximum shear stress in the thin-walled, square tube at (a)
point A; and (b) point B.
8.91 The cylindrical pressure vessel with closed ends has an external diameter of
16 in. and a wall thickness of 1/2 in. The vessel carries simultaneously an internal
pressure of 600 psi, a torque of 48 kip
ft, and a bending moment of 12 kip
ft. Cal-
culate the maximum normal and shear stresses in the wall of the vessel.

FIG. P8.90 FIG. P8.91

8.92 The closed cylindrical tank fabricated from 1/2-in. plate is subjected to an
internal pressure of 240 psi. Determine the largest permissible diameter of the tank if
the working stresses are sw ¼ 12 ksi and tw ¼ 4:8 ksi.
8.93 The cylindrical tank has an external diameter of 20 in. and a wall thickness
of 1/2 in. The tank is pressurized to 200 psi and carries an axial tensile force of 24
kips. Determine the maximum normal and shear stresses in the wall of the tank.
8.94 Solve Prob. 8.93 if the pressure is 120 psi and the axial force is 40 kips com-
pression.
8.95 The closed cylindrical tank of 12-in. mean diameter is fabricated from 3/8-in.
plate. The tank is subjected to an internal pressure of 500 psi and a torque T. Find
the largest safe value of T if the working stresses are sw ¼ 16 ksi and tw ¼ 8 ksi.

FIG. P8.92

FIG. P8.93, P8.94 FIG. P8.95

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 Problems 329

8.96 The steel pipe of 500-mm outer diameter is fabricated by forming an 8-mm-
thick strip into a 30 helix and welding the joints. Compute the normal stress acting
across the weld caused by the axial and torsional loads shown.
8.97 The 18-mm-diameter steel bar is bent into an L-shape. Determine the max-
imum tensile stress in the bar when it is subjected to the two forces shown. Neglect
the transverse shearing stresses.

mm
Weld 200

30 N·m
30° 15
0m
m
200 N 180 N
120 N
FIG. P8.96 FIG. P8.97

8.98 A shaft carries the loads shown in the figure. If the working shear stress is
tw ¼ 80 MPa, determine the smallest allowable diameter of the shaft. Neglect the
weights of the pulleys and the shaft as well as the stress due to the transverse shear
force.
8.99 The 50-mm-diameter shaft is subject to the loads shown in the figure. The
belt tensions are horizontal on pulley B and vertical on pulley C. Calculate the max-
imum normal and shear stresses in the shaft. Neglect the weights of the pulleys and
the shaft as well as the stress due to the transverse shear force.

FIG. P8.98 FIG. P8.99

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 330 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

8.100 Determine the smallest allowable diameter of the shaft that carries the three
pulleys. The working stresses are sw ¼ 16 ksi and tw ¼ 6 ksi. Neglect the weights of
the pulleys and the shaft as well as the stress due to the transverse shear force.
8.101 Determine the principal stresses and the maximum in-plane shear stress at
point A of the cantilever beam. The point is located at x ¼ 250 mm. Show the an-
swers on sketches of properly oriented elements.
8.102 Compute the stress components on the 30 plane at point B of the cantilever
beam. Assume that x ¼ 300 mm. Show the results on a properly oriented element.

FIG. P8.101, P8.102

FIG. P8.100 FIG. P8.103

8.103 The 4-in.-diameter shaft carries a 36-kip axial load and 2.4-kip
ft torque.
Determine the normal and shear stresses acting on the spiral weld that makes a 30
angle with the axis of the shaft.
8.104 For the cantilever beam in the figure, determine the principal stresses at point
A located just below the flange. Show the results on a properly oriented element.
8.105 Determine the maximum in-plane shear stress at point A located just below
the flange of the cantilever beam. Show the results on a properly oriented element.
8.106 The plastic cylinder, which has a 10-in. inner diameter and a 10.5-in. outer
diameter, is filled with oil. The cylinder is sealed at both ends by gaskets that are
fastened in place by two rigid end-plates held together by four bolts. After the oil has
been pressurized to 200 psi, the bolts are tightened until each carries a tensile force of
7950 lb. Determine the resulting maximum shear stress in the cylinder.
8.107 The plastic cylinder has an inner diameter of 10 in. and an outer diameter 10.5
in. The cylinder is sealed at both ends by gaskets fastened in place by two rigid end-plates
that are held together by four bolts. The allowable stresses for the plastic are 6000 psi in
tension, 4200 psi in compression, and 3200 psi in shear. Find the maximum internal pres-
sure that can be applied if each of the four bolts carries an initial tensile force of 8 kips.

FIG. P8.104, P8.105 FIG. P8.106, P8.107

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 338 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Problems
8.108 Prove that Eqs. (8.18) transform Mohr’s circle for strain into Mohr’s circle
for stress.
8.109 Given that the state of strain at the point O is x ¼ 2 , y ¼ 1 , and gxy ¼ 0,
show that the angle of rotation of the line OA given by Eq. (f ) of Sec. 8.9 becomes
b ¼ gx 0 y 0 =2.
8.110 The state of strain at a point is x ¼ 500  10 6 ; y ¼ 260  10 6 , and
gxy ¼ 720  10 6 . Knowing that E ¼ 200 GPa, and n ¼ 0:3, determine the principal
FIG. P8.109 stresses at that point.
8.111 The state of strain at a point is x ¼ 800  10 6 , y ¼ 400  10 6 , and
gxy ¼ 600  10 6 . If E ¼ 30  10 6 psi and n ¼ 0:3, determine the principal stresses
at that point.
8.112 The state of strain at the point O is x ¼ 620  10 6 , y ¼ 84  10 6 , and
gxy ¼ 540  10 6 . Find the stress components acting on the x 0 -plane, where the x 0 -
axis is inclined at y ¼ 45 to the x-axis. Use E ¼ 30  10 6 psi and n ¼ 0:3. Show your
results on a properly oriented sketch of an element.
8.113 The state of strain at the point O is x ¼ 800  10 6 , y ¼ 200  10 6 ,
and gxy ¼ 800  10 6 . Determine the stress components acting on the x 0 -plane,
FIG. P8.112, P8.113 where the x 0 -axis is inclined at y ¼ 20 to the x-axis. Use E ¼ 200 GPa and n ¼ 0:3.
Show your results on a properly oriented sketch of an element.

8.10 The Strain Rosette

a. Strain gages
The electrical-resistance strain gage is a device for measuring normal strain
in a specific direction. Gages of this type operate on the principle that the
change in electrical resistance of wires or foil strips is directly related to a
change in their lengths. The gage is cemented to the object, so that the gage
and the object undergo the same normal strain. The resulting change in the
electrical resistance of the gage element is measured and converted into
strain. Figure 8.22 shows a typical foil strain gage. Commercially available
gages have gage lengths that vary from 0.008 in. to 4 in. A wide variety of
other strain gages are available that depend upon electrical properties
other than resistance, such as capacitance and inductance. However, the
electrical-resistance gages are by far the most widely used because they are
relatively inexpensive while at the same time very accurate and durable.
Electrical-resistance strain gages are useful for measuring both static and
dynamic strains.

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 342 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Problems
8.114 Prove Eqs. (8.19) are valid for the 45 strain rosette.
8.115 Prove Eqs. (8.20) are valid for the 60 strain rosette.
8.116 If gages a and c of a 45 strain rosette are aligned with the principal strain
directions, what is the relationship among a , b , and c ?
8.117 A 60 strain rosette measures the following strains at a point on the alumi-
num skin of an airplane: a ¼ 160  10 6 , b ¼ 220  10 6 , and c ¼ 360  10 6 .
Using E ¼ 10  10 6 psi and n ¼ 0:3, determine the principal stresses and the max-
imum in-plane shear stress.
8.118 Solve Prob. 8.117 if the strain readings are a ¼ 340  10 6 , b ¼
550  10 6 , and c ¼ 180  10 6 .
8.119 The strain readings from a 45 strain rosette are a ¼ 550  10 6 , b ¼
210  10 6 , and c ¼ 120  10 6 . If E ¼ 200 GPa and n ¼ 0:3, find the principal
stresses and their directions. Show the results on a sketch of a properly oriented
element.
8.120 Solve Prob. 8.119 if the strain readings are a ¼ 300  10 6 , b ¼
600  10 6 , and c ¼ 100  10 6 .
8.121 The strains measured with a 60 strain rosette are a ¼ 300  10 6 , b ¼
400  10 6 , and c ¼ 100  10 6 . Using E ¼ 200 GPa and n ¼ 0:3, find the princi-
pal stresses and their directions. Show the results on a sketch of a properly oriented
element.

8.11 Relationship Between Shear Modulus

and Modulus of Elasticity
In Sec. 2.4, we stated that the shear modulus G of a material is related to its
modulus of elasticity E and Poisson’s ratio n by

E
G¼ (2.14, repeated)
2ð1 þ nÞ

We can now prove this relationship.

Consider the state of pure shear illustrated in Fig. 8.26(a). The Mohr’s
circle for this stress state in Fig. 8.26(b) shows that the principal stresses are

FIG. 8.26 (a) State of pure shear; (b) Mohr’s circle for pure shear; (c) principal
stresses associated with pure shear.

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 344 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

Review Problems
8.122 The concrete post of radius r carries a concentrated load P that has an
eccentricity e relative to the axis of the post. Find the largest e for which there is no
tensile stress in the post.
8.123 For the wooden beam shown in the figure, determine the maximum tensile
and compressive normal stresses acting at section m-n.

80 MPa
60 MPa
4000 y
20 MPa
x
9
3

FIG. P8.122 FIG. P8.123 FIG. P8.125

8.124 The state of plane stress at a point is sx ¼ 15 ksi, sy ¼ 5 ksi, and txy . If
no tensile stress is permitted at this point, find the largest allowable magnitude of txy .
8.125 Determine the principal stresses and the principal directions for the state of
stress shown. Show your results on a sketch of a properly oriented element.
8.126 A state of plane stress is the result of two loadings. When acting separately,
the loadings produce the stresses shown. Determine the state of stress with respect
to the xy-axes when the loads act together. Show the results on a properly oriented
element.
8.127 The state of stress at a point is shown with respect to the xy-axes. Compute
the equivalent state of stress with respect to the x0 y0 -axes. Show your results on a
sketch of a properly oriented element.

8 ksi
12 ksi
y⬘
y
x
50⬚
x⬘

FIG. P8.126 FIG. P8.127

8.128 The state of plane stress at a point is sx , sy , and txy ¼ 30 MPa. Knowing
that the principal stresses are s1 ¼ 40 MPa and s2 ¼ 80 MPa, determine (a) the
values of sx and sy ; and (b) the principal directions relative to the xy-axes. Show
both results on sketches of properly oriented elements.

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 Review Problems 345

8.129 The state of plane strain at a point is x ¼ 1600  10 6 , y ¼ 800  10 6 ,

and gxy ¼ 1000  10 6 . Determine the principal stresses and the principal directions
at this point. Use E ¼ 10  10 6 psi and n ¼ 0:28. Show the results on a sketch of a
properly oriented element.
8.130 The normal strains at a point are x ¼ 540  10 6 and y ¼ 180  10 6 .
Given that the larger of the principal strains at this point is 1 ¼ 660  10 6 , find 2
and the magnitude of gxy .
8.131 The strains measured by the strain rosette are a ¼ 600  10 6 , b ¼
110  10 6 , and c ¼ 200  10 6 . Determine the principal strains and their
directions.
8.132 The cylindrical pressure vessel has an outer radius of 750 mm and a wall
thickness of 20 mm. The vessel is pressurized to 2 MPa and carries a bending mo- FIG. P8.131
ment of magnitude M. Determine the largest value of M for which the longitudinal
stress remains tensile throughout the walls of the vessel.
8.133 The bent bar has a uniform, rectangular cross section. Determine the prin- M M
cipal stresses at (a) point A; and (b) point B.

FIG. P8.132

FIG. P8.133 FIG. P8.134

8.134 The 300-mm-diameter concrete pile is pushed into the soil by the 600-kN
force while being rotated about its axis by the torque T. Find the largest allowable
value of T for which the tensile stress in the pile does not exceed 1.8 MPa.
8.135 The circular rod of diameter d is bent into a quarter circle of radius R. If the
working shear stress is tw , determine the largest allowable force P. Use d ¼ 35 mm;
R ¼ 750 mm, and tw ¼ 100 MPa. Neglect the stress due to the transverse shear force.
8.136 The 20-kN vertical force acts at the end of a cable that is wrapped around
the steel bar. Calculate the principal stresses at (a) point A; and (b) point B.

P m
d 5m
17 A B

R
35 mm
x

y 20 kN

FIG. P8.135 FIG. P8.136

8.137 The bent pipe has a 1.5-in. outer diameter and a 0.2-in. wall thickness.
Calculate the largest shear stress that occurs in (a) segment BC; and (b) segment AB.
Neglect the stress due to the transverse shear force. FIG. P8.137

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 346 CHAPTER 8 Stresses Due to Combined Loads

FIG. P8.138
FIG. P8.139

8.138 The shaft, supported by bearings at A and D, is loaded as shown in the

figure. Determine the smallest allowable radius of the shaft if the normal stress is not
to exceed 18 ksi. Neglect the stress due to the transverse shear force.
8.139 The plastic tube carries the 550-N load in addition to an internal pressure
of 2 MPa. Find the principal stresses in the tube at (a) point A; and (b) point B.

Computer Problems
C8.1 The link shown in the figure carries a tensile force P with an o¤set d. Given
P, d, and the dimensions of the cross section, write an algorithm that computes the
maximum tensile and compressive stresses on section m-n. (a) Run the algorithm with
the following data: P ¼ 4000 lb, d ¼ 2 in., h ¼ 3 in., tw ¼ 0:375 in., t ¼ 0:5 in.,
a ¼ 1:5 in., and b ¼ 1:0 in. (b) If the working normal stress is 10 000 psi, find by
experimentation the optimal values of a and b (the values that minimize a þ b), the
other data being as in part (a).
C8.2 Given the stresses sx , sy , and txy , construct an algorithm that plots the nor-
mal and shear stresses acting on the inclined plane m-n from y ¼ 0 to 180 , and
compute the principal stresses and the corresponding values of y. Run the algorithm
with (a) sx ¼ 60 MPa, sy ¼ 30 MPa, and txy ¼ 80 MPa; and (b) sx ¼ 80 MPa,
sy ¼ 80 MPa, and txy ¼ 30 MPa.
C8.3 Three strain gages are arranged as shown. Given the three angles (ya , yb ,
yc ), the strain readings (a , b , c ), and the material constants (E, n), write an
algorithm that computes the principal stresses and the principal directions (angles y).
Run the algorithm with E ¼ 200 GPa, n ¼ 0:3, and (a) ya ¼ 0, yb ¼ 60 , yc ¼ 120 ,
a ¼ 300  10 6 , b ¼ 400  10 6 , c ¼ 100  10 6 ; and (b) ya ¼ 30 , yb ¼ 75 ,
yc ¼ 120 , a ¼ 100  10 6 , b ¼ 300  10 6 , c ¼ 200  10 6 .
FIG. C8.1

FIG. C8.2 FIG. C8.3

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 Computer Problems 347

FIG. C8.4 FIG. C8.5

C8.4 The thin-walled rectangular tube of length L is loaded by the force P that has
an eccentricity e. The circumference of the tube is S ¼ 2ðh þ bÞ, where h and b are
the mean dimensions of the cross section. The wall thickness is t. Given P, L, e, t,
and S, devise an algorithm that plots the maximum normal stress in the tube against
h in the range h ¼ 0:1S to 0:4S. Experiment with the algorithm to determine the
smallest possible S and the corresponding values of h and b if P ¼ 2000 lb, t ¼ 0:125
in., sw ¼ 10 000 psi, and (a) L ¼ e ¼ 1:5 ft; and (b) L ¼ 2 ft, e ¼ 1:0 ft. (Hint: The
maximum normal stress occurs at point A.)
C8.5 The monel alloy bar AB of diameter d and length L is built into a fixed sup-
port at B and rigidly attached to the arm OA. When the couple C is applied to OA,
the arm rotates about O though the angle y as shown, causing bending and torsion of
bar AB. Write an algorithm that plots the absolute maximum shear stress in bar AB
as a function of y from y ¼ 0 to 180 . Assume that the bar remains elastic and
neglect deformation of the arm. Also determine the maximum allowable values of y
and C if the maximum shear stress is not to exceed the yield stress typ of the alloy.
Use the following data: L ¼ 60 in., b ¼ 6 in., d ¼ 0:25 in., E ¼ 26  10 6 psi, n ¼ 0:28,
and typ ¼ 50  10 3 psi. Neglect the stress due to the transverse shear force.
C8.6 The steel, thin-walled pressure vessel of length L, mean diameter D, and wall
thickness t is simply supported at each end. The vessel is filled with water under
pressure p. There is additional loading due to the weights of the vessel and the water.
Write an algorithm that computes the maximum in-plane shear stress tmax and the
absolute maximum shear stress tabs at any point in the vessel defined by the coor-
dinates x and y. Plot tmax and tabs as functions of y (0 a y a 360 ) at x ¼ 0 and
x ¼ L. Use the following data: L ¼ 10 m, D ¼ 2 m, t ¼ 10 mm, and p ¼ 250  10 3
Pa. The mass densities are 7850 kg/m 3 for steel and 1000 kg/m 3 for water. (Hint:
Model the vessel as a simply supported beam carrying a constant internal pressure
p and a uniformly distributed load due to the weights of the vessel and the water.)

FIG. C8.6

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.