1

SET 1 PAPER 2 SECTION A (e) inelastic collision // perlanggaran tak kenyal

CHAPTER 2: FORCE & MOTION 6. SPM 2015

BAB 2: DAYA & GERAKAN (a) Resultant force is zero
Daya paduan adalah sifar
1. SPM 2011 (b) (i) 0
(a) Alternate current / arus ulangalik (ii) 5000 N
(b) (i) PQ / QR / RS / ST (c) F = ma
(ii) ST > PQ a = 9000 – 5000
(iii) acceleration / pecutan 1000
a = 4 ms-2
2. SPM 2016
(a) Q 7. SPM 2016
(b) distance and speed of an object / jarak laju (a) Frictional force / weight // daya geseran / berat
objek (b) (i) force: 5.1 > 5.2
(c) (i) constant velocity / zero acceleration / (ii) time: 5.1 < 5.2
halaju seragam / pecutan sifar (iii) acceleration: 5.1 > 5.2
(ii) The distance between two successive (iv) directly proportional / berkadar terus
dots are the sama / Jarak antara dua titik (c) Newton’s second law of motion // Hukum
berturutan adalah sama gerakan Newton kedua
(d) (i) increases / bertambah
3. SPM 2015 (ii) Reduce air resistance / rintangan udara
(a) scalar quantity / kuantiti skalar berkurang.
(b) (i) (200 – 100) = 10 ms-1
24 - 14 8. SPM 2009
  (ii) speed AB > OA (a) impulsive force // daya impuls
(c) (i) tight attire / pakaian ketat (b) Hard surface / high impulsive force / time of
Reduce air resistance / kurang rintangan impact is short // Permukaan keras / daya
udara impuls tinggi / masa hentaman pendek
(ii) spikes shoes / kasut spike (c) momentum = 0.05 x 5 = 0.25 kg ms-1
More grip / lebih cengkaman (d) Replace wooden block with a spongy material
(iii) starting block / mattress or wrap the egg with soft material
Increases momentum / force // tambah Gantikan kayu dengan bahan berspan / tilam /
daya / momentum balut telur dengan bahan lembut

4. SPM 2004 9. SPM 2003

(a) Principle of conservation of momentum / (a) Kedudukan kedua bola sama. Jarak antara
prinsip keabadian momentum bola bertambah. // The position of both balls
(b) Forward momentum of the man equal the are the same. The distance between the ball
backward momentum of the boat / momentum increases.
lelaki ke depan sama dengan momentum bot (b) gravitational force // daya tarikan graviti
ke belakang. (c) (i) gravitational acceleration / pecutan graviti
(c) 0 = momboat + momman (ii) 10 ms-2
m1v1 = - m2v2 (iii) mass does not effect the acceleration //
50(2) = - 20v2 jisim tidak mempengaruhi pecutan
v2 = - 100/20 = - 5 m/s (c) (i) velocity decreases / halaju berkurang
(d) roket / satelit (ii) moves against gravitational force //
bergerak menentang daya tarikan graviti.
5. SPM 2012
(a) mass x velocity // jisim x halaju 10. SPM 2004
(b) (i) 2.5 (a) gravitational force / weight // daya tarikan
(ii) 2.1 + 0.4 = 2.5 graviti / berat
(c) equal / sama (b) surface area: feather > water droplet
(d) (i) Total momentum before collision equal to Luas permukaan: bulu ayam > titisan air
the total momentum after collision // (c) *Mulanya, kedua-dua mempunyai pecutan sama
jumlah momentum sebelum perlanggaran // Initially, both have the same acceleration
sama dengan jumlah momentum selepas *Halaju akhir malar // Final velocity constant
perlanggaran *Halaju akhir bagi titisan air > bulu burung
(ii) Principle of conservation of momentum / Final velocity for the water droplet > the feather
Prinsip keabadian momentum (d) The larger the surface area, the smaller the
(iii) no external force acting on the system / final velocity // Semakin besar luas
tiada daya luar bertindak ke atas system permukaan, semakin kecil halaju akhir.
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(d) velocity-time graph // graf halaju-masa the resultant force acts upwards, F = ma
normal reaction force = weight + resultant
force, R = mg + ma
(e) (i) Decreases // Berkurang
(ii) mg – R = ma
R = mg - ma

15. SPM 2006

(a) Resultant force = 0 // Daya paduan = 0
(b) W = 20 N
(c) Triangle of force
11. SPM 1993
(a) Parallelogram:

Resultant force / daya paduan = 5 N

(b) F = ma
a = F/m = 5/2 = 2.5 ms-2
(c) - 5 N

12. SPM 2008

(a) (i) magnitudes: equal / sama
Directions: opposite direction / arah
bertentangan
(ii) 0
(iii) Equilibrium of forces // keseimbangan
daya
(b) (i) acceleration // pecutan
(ii) F = ma, there is a resultant force //
terdapat daya paduan.
(d) (i) T1 = 5.8 cm = 11.6 N
T2 = 7.10 cm = 14.20 N
13. SPM 1996 (ii) Diagram 6.1. The tension in the string is
(a) 650 = 300 + P lower.//Tegangan tali lebih kecil.
P = 650 – 300 = 350 N (e) v = u + gt = 0 + (10)(0.6) = 6 m/s
(b) The bicycle moves with constant velocity, so
the resultant force = 0 // Basikal bergerak
dengan halaju seragam, oleh itu daya paduan 16. SPM 2018
=0 (a) Gravitational potential energy // tenaga
(c) Acceleration / Pecutan keupayaan graviti
(d) Inertia of the lady // Inersia perempuan itu (b) E = mgh = 50 x 10 x 0.4 = 200 J
(e) Short time of impact, high impulsive force // (c) (i) Larger pressure // tekanan besar
Masa impak pendek, daya impuls tinggi Larger force / shorter collision time
Daya besar / masa perlanggaran pendek
(ii) High elasticity // Kekenyalan tinggi
14. SPM 2005 Larger elastic potential energy / Tenaga
(a) 500 N keupayaan kenyal tinggi
(b) at rest // pegun (iii) Follow through // ikut lajak
Bergerak ke atas dengan halaju seragam Greater impulse / greater energy
Bergerak ke bawah dengan halaju seragam Impuls tinggi / tenaga besar
moving up with uniform velocity (d) Smaller impulsive force, longer time
Moving down with uniform velocity Daya impuls kecil / masa panjang
(c) F = R – mg
(d) Daya paduan ke atas, F = ma & R = mg + ma
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CHAPTER 3: FORCE & PRESSURE 6. SPM 2013

BAB 3: DAYA DAN TEKANANAN (a) Buoyant force / Weight / daya apungan / Berat
(b) Buoyant force = Weight of the log
1. SPM 2003 Daya apungan = berat kayu balak
(d) (i) force per unit area // daya per unit luas (c) Buoyant force = Weight
(ii) P = . 500 . = 2.5 x 105 Pa ƿVg = mg
2 x 10-3 1000 x V x 10 = 1200 x 10
(iii) Tambahkan luas tayar / tambah bilangan V = 12000/10000 = 1.2 m3
tayar. Tekanan berkadar songsang (d) Decreases // berkurang
dengan luas // Increases the area /
increase number of tyres. Pressure is
inversely proportional to area 7. SPM 2009
(a) Gravitational force acts on an object
2. SPM 2007 Daya tarikan gravity yang bertindak ke atas
(a) P = 1000 X 10 X 3 = 30 000 Pa objek
(b) 1- Pressure at Q is higher // PQ > PP (b) (i) 2 N
2- Depth at Q is higher (ii) Buoyant force // daya apungan
(c) (i) 2 N
(ii) Weight of water displaced // berat air
3. SPM 2018 yang disesarkan
(a) (i) Q > P (d) (i) Weight of water displaced = buoyant
(ii) Q > P force // berat air yang disesarkan = daya
(iii) Q > P apungan
(b) (i) directly proportional // berkadar terus (ii) Archimedes’ principle // Prinsip Archimedes
(ii) directly proportional // berkadar terus (e) Unchanged // tidak berubah
(c) decreases / berkurang
Depth decreases / pressure decreases
kedalaman berkurang / Tekanan berkurang 8. SPM 2003
(a) Figure (a) > figure (b)
(b) Daya apungan, tegangan tali, berat // Buoyant
4. SPM 2014 force, tension, weight
(a) (i) Barometer (c) Daya apungan + teganan = Berat.
(ii) Higher density // opaque // non stick Keseimbangan daya
Ketumpatan tinggi / legap / tidak melekat Buoyant force + tension = Weight
pada kaca Equilibrium of forces
(b) (i) 76 cm Hg (d) Archimedes’ principle // Prinsip Archimedes
(ii) P = ƿgh (e) (i) Decreases / berkurang
= 13600 x 10 x 0.76 = 1.034 x 105 Pa (ii) Daya apungan bertambah kerana air garam
lebih tumpat // Buoyant force increases
because salt solution is denser.
5. SPM 2008
(a) (i) Pascal’s Principle // Prinsip Pascal
(ii) P = Q 9. SPM 2019
(b) (i) 50/0.04 = 1250 Pa (a) Archimedes principle / equilibrium of forces
(ii) F = PA = 1250 x 0.8 = 1 000 N Prinsip Archimedes / keseimbangan daya
(c) (i) *Push the handle down. Valve A closes (b) (i) M1: (1.5 x 107) (10) / F = W = mg // F = ρVg
valve B opens. // Tolak pemegang ke M2: 1.5 x 108 N
bawah. Injap A buka injap B tutup (ii) F = ρVg = (1.5 x 108) = (1.03 x 103)(V)(10)
*This will transmit pressure and allow oil 1.5 x 107
move to the large piston. // Tekanan 1.03 x 103
dipindahkan dan minyak pindah ke piston V = 1.456 X 104 m3
besar. (c) Weight > Bouyant Force // Berat > daya Apungan
(ii) *Increases the area of large piston // This
will increase the output force
*Tambah luas piston besar// Daya output 10. SPM 2005
besar (a) (b) di tolak ke atas // (b) is pushed upward
(iii) Open the release valve // Buka injap (b) Force upward // daya ke atas
pelepas (c) Udara bergerak laju di atas, tekanan rendah
Air flows at high speed above, so the
pressure is lower
Daya bertindak dari Kawasan tekanan tinggi
ke tekanan rendah / perbezaaan tekanan
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hasilkan daya // Forces acts from higher (ii) Normal temperature of human suhu
pressure to lower pressure area / difference normal manusia
in pressure produces force. (iii) Small // kecil
(d) (i) higher / lebih tinggi (iv) More sensitive / detect small change//
(ii) higher force // daya lebih tinggi lebih sensitive / kesan perubahan suhu
(e) Bernoulli’s principle // Prinsip Bernoulli yang kecil
(f) Bunsen Burner // Penunu Bunsen (v) 0.1 °C
(vi) More accurate// lebih tepat
(vii) Q
11. SPM 2017
(a) Bernoulli’s principle // Prinsip Bernoulli
(b) (i) 1500 – 500 = 1000 Pa 3. SPM 2003
(ii) F = PA = (1000)(0.25) = 250 N (a) (i) 100
(c) Prevent lift / stay on ground/ stabil / elak (ii) Muatan haba tentu P lebih besar
terangkat ke atas Specific heat capacity of P is larger
(b) (i) Q = mcϴ
8 400 = 0.25 x 4200 x ϴ
12. SPM 2006 ϴ = 8 ⁰C
(a) distance/time // jarak/masa (ii) Tiada haba hilang ke persekitaran
(b) (i) If no air movement, the paper and the No heat lost to the surrounding
canopy will not lift up/ Jika tiada pergerakan
udara, kertas dan kanopi tidak terangkat
Paper and canopy lift up when the air 4. SPM 2018
moves. // Jika ada Gerakan udara, kertas (a) Heat needed to change the temperature of 1
dan kanopi terangkat ke atas kg of a material by 1 ⁰C // Haba yang
(ii) Pressure above < pressure below diperlukan untuk menukarkan suhu 1 kg
Tekanan di atas < tekanan di bawah bahan sebanyak 1 ⁰C
(iii) High speed air, low pressure region (b) (0.05)(4200)(90 – T) = (0.3)(4200)(T – 30)
laju tinggi, Kawasan tekanan rendah 18,900 – 210T = 1,260T – 37,800
(c) Bernoulli’s Principle // Prinsip Bernoulli 1470T = 56,700
(d) (i) P > Q T = 38.57⁰C
(ii) (c) (i) Decreases // berkurang
Heat lost to surrounding // haba hilang ke
persekitaran
(ii) Wrap the bottle with insulator // Balut
botol dengan penebat
Reduce heat lost to the surrounding //
kurangkan haba hilang ke persekitaran

5. SPM 2010
CHAPTER 4: HEAT (a) (i) Copper / lower specific heat capacity.
BAB 4: HABA Kuprum / muatan haba tentu rendah
Heat up faster / good conductor
1. SPM 2013 Cepat panas / konduktor baik
(a) (i) mercury / alcohol (ii) Polymer / high specific heat capacity
(ii) expand uniformly / does not stick to glass Polimer / muatan haba tentu besar
/ opaque / high boiling point Heat up slower / good insulator
Mengembang dengan seragam / tidak Lambat panas / penebat baik
melekat pada kaca / legap / takat didih (iii) Lower mass // Jisim kecil
tinggi Lighter Easy to lift and carry.
(b) (i) stop expanding // berhenti mengembang Ringan / senang diangkat dan dibawa
(ii) Thermal equilibrium // Keseimbangan terma (b) (i) Pt = mcθ
t = [3.5 x 900 x 90]/ 800
= 354.4 sec
2. SPM 2016 (ii) Pt = mcθ
(a) base quantity // kuantiti asas t = [2.5 x 390 x 90]/ 800 = 109.7 sec
(b) (i) 20 – 6 = 14 cm (c) Copper pot / periuk kuprum
(ii) 16 – 6 x 100° = 71.43°C
20 – 6
(iii) decreases / berkurang
(c) (i) 30- 40 / small / low // kecil / rendah
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6. SPM 2012 (ii) Polistyrene / heat insulator / poor heat

(a) (i) Dark surface // permukaan gelap conductor / penebat haba
Absorb heat easily / serap haba dengan heat insulator / heat absorb reduces/
mudah penebat haba / kurang serap haba
(ii) Low specific heat capacity // muatan haba (iii) Double layer /vacuum layer / shiny
tentu rendah surface berlapis / lapisan vakum / berkilat
Easy to get hot / hot faster // Cepat panas Longer time of melting / reflect heat/
(b) Model B heat not easily absorbed / lambat
Dark surface and low specific heat capacity masa melebur / pantul haba
Permukaan gelap dan muatan haba tentu
rendah
(c) (i) Q = Pt = 16 x 25 x 60 = 24 000 J 10. SPM 2017
(ii) Pt = mcθ = (a) Temperature is the degree of hotness // Suhu
24 000 = 0.5 x 4200 x θ adalah darjah kepanasan
θ = 11.43 ⁰C (b) (i) Decreases // berkurang
(ii) Absolute zero // sifar mutlak
(c) Stationary // pegun
7. SPM 2007
(a) Latent heat // haba pendam
(b) Overcome the bonds between molecules // 11. SPM 2009
mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul- (a) Pressure decreases as depth decreases /
molekul volume increases as pressure decreases /
(c) 1- 1.0 x 4 200 x 100 tekanan berkurang bila kedalaman berkurang,
2- 420 000 J isipadu bertambah bila tekanan berkurang
(d) Graph (b) Boyle’s Law / Hukum Boyle
(c) Decreases / Berkurang
(d) P1 = 10 + 0.5 = 10.5 m water P2 = 10 m water
P1 V1 = P 2 V2
(10.5)(5) = (10)V
V = 5.25 cm3

12. SPM 2011

(a) Pressure / Tekanan
8. SPM 2015 (b) (i) 5.2 > 5.1
(a) Haba yang diperlukan untuk menukarkan 1 kg (ii) 5.2 > 5.1
pepejal kepada cecair tanpa perubahan suhu. (iii) directly proportional / berkadar terus
The amount of heat required to melt 1 kg of (iv) directly proportional / berkadar terus
solid without any change of temperature (c) M1 - Kinetic energy / velocity increase / move
(b) 1st : tenaga digunakan untuk mengatasi daya faster // tenaga kinetic bertambah / bergerak
ikatan antara molekul. // Energy is used laju
to overcome the binding force between M2 - rate of collision increase // kadar
molecules perlanggaran bertambah /
2nd : tenaga kinetic tidak berubah // The (d) Pressure’s law // Hukum Tekanan
kinetic energy does not change
(c) (i) E = Pt = 600 x 60 = 36000 J
(ii) Pt = mL 13. SPM 2014
m = 36000/3.3 x 105 = 1.09 x 10-1 kg (a) Gas Pressure // tekanan gas
(b) (i) 5.2 > 5.1
(ii) 5.2 < 5.1
9. SPM 2019 (iii) Equal // sama
(a) Melting / Fusion // Melebur / pelakuran (c) (i) Inversely proportional // berkadar songsang
(b) Energy is used to weaken the bond between (ii) Boyle’s Law // Hukum Boyle
molecules / Energy is not used to increase (d) (i) No change // tiada perubahan
the kinetic energy of the particles // (ii) Constant temperature // suhu malar
Tenaga digunakan untuk melemahkan ikatan
antara molekul-molekul /
(c) Q = mcθ
3360 = (3.36 x 105)(0)
m = 0.01 kg = 10 g
(d) (i) Longer time of melting / heats up slowy/
Melambatkan masa peleburan/Lambat panas
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CHAPTER 5: LIGHT 4. SPM 2010

BAB 5: CAHAYA (a) A point where all parallel rays converge after
being reflected. / Titik di mana semua cahaya
1. SPM 2005 selari bertumpu selepas dipantulkan.
(a) Reflection // Pantulan (b) Ray diagram
(b) 8m
(c) 7m
(d) diagram

(e) (i) ray diagram (c) (i) diagram

(ii) Maya, tegak, sama saiz

Virtual, upright, same size (ii) Reflection // Pantulan
(d) (i) Place the bulb at the focal point, F
Letakkan mentol di titik fokus, F
2. SPM 2008 (ii) Increase the curvature // Tambahkan
(a) Reflection // pantulan kelengkungan
(b) virtual // maya (e) Increase more voltage / mirror as reflector
(c) ray diagram Tambah voltan / cermin sebagai pemantul

5. SPM 2018
(a) Reflection // pantulan
(b) Upright / virtual / same size / laterally inverted
/ object distance = image distance / u = v /
Tegak / maya / sama saiz / songsang sisi /
jarak objek = jarak imej
(c) Ray diagram

3. SPM 2015
(a) Real image
(b) (i) 5.1 > 5.2
(ii) 5.1 < 5.2
(iii) 5.1 < 5.2
(c) (i) inversely proportional // berkadar songsang
(ii) inversely proportional // berkadar songsang
(d) (i) Focal point // Titik fokus // F
(ii) Sinar selari ditumpukan ke titik fokus
selepas dipantulkan/ all parallel light
converge to the focal point after
reflection

(d) (i) Image of car B is reflected by the mirror

to car A / in the field of view
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Imej kereta B dipantulkan oleh cermin ke

kereta A / dalam medan penglihatan 11. SPM 2016

12. SPM 2004

13. SPM 2017

14. SPM 2009

15. SPM 2011

(ii) convex mirror // cermin cembung
(iii) Wider field of view / upright image
pandangan lebih luas/ imej tegak
16. SPM 2014
(iv) Shining surface / large diameter / Big
mirror / permukaan bersinar / berkilat //
berkilat / diameter besar / cermin besar
CHAPTER 6: WAVES
BAB 6: GELOMBANG
6. SPM 2003
(a) (i) Refraction // Pembiasan
1. SPM 2010
(ii) Light travels from denser medium (water)
(a) PQRQP
to less dense medium (air) // Cahaya
(b) (i) 0.2 s
bergerak dari medium lebih tumpat (air)
(ii) 45.0 s
ke medium kurang tumpat (udara)
(c) scalar / scalar
Cahaya dibiaskan menjauhi garis normal
// So light refracted away from normal
2. SPM 2010
(iii) diagram
(a) amplitude
(b) Water resistance / energy loss / friction
Rintangan air / tenaga hilang/ geseran
(c) (i) 0.4 s
(ii) 1/0.4 = 2.5 Hz
(d) Increases / bertambah

3. SPM 2012
(a) Transverse waves / gelombang melintang

(b) n = H/h
1.33 = 0.4/H
h = 0.3 m

7. SPM 2013
(a) real depth /apparent depth //
dalam sebenar /dalam ketara
(b) (i) 5.1 > 5.2
(ii) 5.1 > 5.2
(iii) directly proportional / berkadar terus (c) (i) Decreases / Berkurang
(iv) refraction / pembiasan (ii) unchanged / Tidak berubah
8. SPM 2012
4. SPM 2007
(a) longitudinal waves / gelombang membujur
9. SPM 2007 (b) (i) compression / mampatan
(ii) label wavelength

10. SPM 2006

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9. SPM 2009
(a) Number of complete oscillation in one secong /
bilangan ayunan lengkap dalam masa satu saat.
(b) (i) x > Y
(ii) X > Y
(iii) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(iv) Refraction / Pembiasan
(c) * The depth of the water decreasing
(c) Increases / bertambah
/Kedalaman laut semakin berkurang
*The velocity is decreasing or the wavelength is
5. SPM 2011
decreasing / Halaju berkurang atau Panjang
(a) (i) Pendulum M / Bandul M
gelombang berkurang
(ii) Same length / same frequency / Panjang
*Refraction occurs / Pembiasan berlaku
sama / frekuensi sama
(iii) Resonance / resonans
10. SPM 2015
(b) T = 1/f = ½ = 0.5 s
(a) Distance between two successive crest @
(c) Graf sesaran-masa untuk pelembapan
trough / Jarak antara dua puncak @ lembangan
berturutan
(b) (i) A > B
(ii) Incident angle > refracted angle /
Sudut tuju > sudut biasan
(iii) A > B
6. SPM 2013 (c) (i) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(a) Distance with direction / jarak dengan arah (ii) …. Deep….shallow….towards
(b) (i) 6.2 > 6.1 ….dalam….cetek….mendekati
(ii) 6.2 > 6.1 (d) *The energy of the wave spread at the bay /
(iii) 6.2 < 6.1 the wave refracted towards the normal
(iv) Directly proportional / berkadar terus Tenaga gelombang disebarkan di kawasan teluk
(v) Inversely proportional / berkadar songsang / gelombang air dibiaskan ke arah normal
(c) (i) Decreases / berkurang • Calmer sea / small amplitude / laut
(ii) Damping // energy losses // air friction tenang / amplitud kecil
Pelembapan // tenaga hilang // rintangan
udara 11. SPM 2005
(a) Dua sumber gelombang yang mempunyai
7. SPM 2017 frekuensi / λ yang sama dan beza fasa sama
(a) Same phase / fasa yang sama Two waves sources which have same
(b) (i) same / sama frequency /λ and same phase difference
(ii) 6.2 > 6.1 (b) Calculate wavelength / hitung panjang gelombang
(iii) 6.2 > 6.1
(iv) 6.2 < 6.1
(v) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
(c) (i) Decreases / berkurang
(ii) Speed of water waves decreased. Laju
gelombang air berkurang
(c) Puncak bertemu puncak / lembangan bertemu
8. SPM 2016 lembangan / Crest meets crest / trough meets
(a) Refraction / Pembiasa trough
(b) decreases / berkurang
(c) Diagram 2 12. SPM 2010
(a) (i) 6.1 > 6.2
(ii) 6.1 < 6.2
(iii) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
(iv) D, λ
(b) (i) Number of complete oscillation per second /
bilangan ayunan lengkap per saat.
(ii) decreases / berkurang
(iii) λ decreases as f increases, λ berkadar terus
dengan x / λ berkurang bila f bertambah, λ
berkadar terus dengan x

13. SPM 2004

(a) Cahaya mempunyai satu frekuensi / warna
 9

Light that has one frequency / one color 18. SPM 2018
(b) *Jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan merah > biru (a) longitudinal wave / gelombang membujur
The distance between two consecutive fringes for (b) (i) Concrete wall is a hard surface /
red light > blue light Thick curtain is a soft surface //
*Jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan sama bagi Dinding konkrit adalah permukaan keras /
warna yang sama/ The distance between two Langsir tebal adalah permukaan lembut.
consecutive fringes for the same light is equal (ii) Diagram 6.1 > 6.2
(c) Merah > biru // red > blue (c) (i) The harder the reflected surface, the larger
(d) directly proportional / berkadar terus the amplitude of the reflected sound wave
(e) Interference / interferens Lebih keras permukaan, lebih besar amplitud
pantulan bunyi
14. SPM 2006 (ii) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(a) Longitudinal wave / gelombang membujur (iii) The harder the reflected surface, the larger
(b) Constructive interference occurs / Berlaku the energy of the reflected sound wave
gelombang membina Semakin keras permukaan pantulan, semakin
(c) λ = 1.5 x 4.0 = 0. 6 m besar tenaga gelombang pantulan bunyi.
10.0 (d) (i) High frequency / λ smaller
(d) (i) More closer / lebih rapat frekuensi tinggi / λ lebih kecil
(ii) f bertambah, λ berkurang, x berkurang / λ (ii) Easily reflected / senang dipantulkan
berkadar terus dengan x / f increases , λ
decrease, x decreases / / λ directly
proportional to x

15. SPM 2016 Chapter 6: Electricity

(a) Dua sumber gelombang yang mempunyai Bab 6: Keelektrikan
frekuensi / λ yang sama dan beza fasa sama
Two waves sources which have same 1. SPM 2015
frequency /λ and same phase difference (a) A region where an electric charge
(b) (i) 6.2 < 6.3 experience electric forces.
(ii) 6.2 > 6.3 kawasan di mana cas mengalami
(iii) equal / sama daya elektrik.
(iv) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang (b) Q = It = 0.3 x (3 x 60) = 54 C
(v) interference / interferens (c) (i) short distance / jarak dekat
(c) Loud sounds due to constructive interference Oscillate in short time / faster
Soft sounds due to destructive interference// masa pendek / berayun cepat
bunyi kuat – interferens membina (ii) low mass / jisim kecil
Bunyi lemah – interferens memusnah Increase acceleration / speed
Tambah pecutan / laju
16. SPM 2003 (iii) high voltage / beza keupayaan tinggi
(a) electromagnet wave Strong electric field / medan elektrik kuat
(b) distance P to radar (d) Z
(e) (i) stationary / pegun
(ii) No charge on the metal coated ball /
charged is earth
Tiada cas pada bola bersalut logam / cas
telah mengalir ke bumi.
17. SPM 2014
(a) Gamma ray / sinar gama 2. SPM 2008
(b) Higer frequency / higher energy, shorter λ (a) Parallel circuit: 3.2
Frekuensi tinggi / tenaga tinggi, λ pendek (b) Series circuit diagram 3.1
(c) (i) 1 x 108 Hz
(ii) v = fλ
λ = 3 x 108 = 3 m
1 x 108
(d) wave form of visible light

(c) (i) 5 + 1 = 6 Ω
(ii) I = V/R = 12/6 = 2 A
(iii) Decreased / berkurang
 10

3. SPM 2011   = 168 J

(a) parallel / selari (c) (i) coiled wire / dawai bergelung
(b) (i) 6.1 > 6.2 High resistance / rintangan tinggi
(ii) 6.1 > 6.2 (ii) nichrome / nikrom
(iii) As the number of bulbs increases, High resistance / rintangan tinggi
the reading of the ammeter increases./ bilangan (iv) 5 A
mentol bertambah, bacaan ammeter bertambah The value a bit higher than the current flow in
(c) Resistance 6.1 < 6.2 / current 6.1 > 6.2 the circuit //Nilainya lebih tinggi sedikit
Rintangan 6.1 < 6.2 / arus 6.1 > 6.2 daripada arus yang mengalir dalam litar / I =
4.16 A
(d) As the bulbs increase, the resistance (v) Choose R
decreases. / as the bulbs increase, the current
increases.
Bilangan mentol bertambah, rintangan berkurang/
Bilangan mentol bertambah, arus meningkat.
(e) (i) Bulb P & Q
(ii) Resistance is low , current flow is
high / voltage is higher
Rintangan rendah, arus mengalir tinggi / voltan
tinggi

4. SPM 2007
(a) (i) Parllel / selari CHAPTER 8: ELECTROMAGNETISM
(ii) lights up / menyala
(b) (i) If connected to 240V power supply, it will BAB 8: KEELEKTROMAGNETAN
release energy at 60 Joules per second /Jika
disambung ke bekalan kuasa 240 V, ia akan 1. SPM 2014
bebaskan tenaga 60 J per saat. (a) (i) Temporary magnet
(ii) I = 60 = 0.25 A (ii) label clockwise direction
240 (b) (i) increases / bertambah
(iii) total resistance / rintangan berkesan (ii) strong electromagnet / elektromagnet kuat
R = 240/0.25 = 960 Ω
1= 1 + 1 + 1 2. SPM 2012
R 960 960 960 (a) (i)(ii)
R = 320 Ω

5. SPM 2018
(a) 2 kJ of energy per second is dissipated when 240 V
is supplied //
2 kJ tenaga per saat yang hilang apabila 240 V
dibekalkan
(b) (i) E = Pt = (2)(5)(30) = 300 kWh
(ii) 300 x 20 = 6000 / RM60.00
(c) (i) coiled wire / dawai bergelung
High resistance / longer wire
Rintangan tinggi / dawai panjang
(ii) nichrome / nikrom (b) Right hand grip rules / Petua genggaman tangan
High resistance / high melting point kanan
Rintangan tinggi / takat lebur tinggi (c) (i) P > Q
(iii) small cross sectional area / luas keratan rentas (ii) P < Q
kecil. (iii) P > Q
High resistance / rintangan tinggi (d) (i) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(iv) S (ii) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang

6. SPM 2019 3. SPM 2009

(a) Potential difference / voltage / beza keupayaan / (a) (i) Fleming’s left hand rule / Peraturan
voltan Tangan Kiri Fleming
(b) (i) R = 2.8/0.2 = 14 Ω (ii)(iii)
(ii) E = Vit / I2Rt / V2t/R
// (2.8)(0.2)(5 x 60) // 2.8 x 0.2 x 5
 11

6. SPM 2007
(a) (i) Step down transformer / transformer injak
turun
(ii) easy to magnetized and demagnetized /
mudah dimagnetkan dan
dinyahmagnetkan
(b) Ns = 1000 x 6 = 25
240
(c) (i) VsIs x 100% = 75%
V p Ip
output power = 75 = 0.75
240 x 0.1 100
(b) (i)
output power = 18 W
(ii) laminated iron core /low resistance coil
teras besi lembut berlamina / wayar
berintangan rendah
(d) (i) Transformer supplies ac / TV cannot work
(ii) Concentration of magnetic field / produce on ac / transformer bekal au / Tv tidak
stronger magnetic field / Menumpukan berfungsi dengan au
medan magnet / medan magnet lebih kuat (ii) 1- Diode // rectifier / diod
(iii) plane mirror / cermin satah 2- Series / siri
Pointer and image of the pointer must be
overlapped to avoid parallax error
/ penunjuk dan imej penunjuk bertindih
untuk elakkan ralat paralaks

4. SPM 2013 7. SPM 2019

(a) (a) Output voltage produced is smaller / secondary
voltage is smaller // Voltan output terhasil lebih
kecil./ voltan sekunder lebih kecil
(b) M1: Changing magnetic flux in secondary coil //
Perubahan fluks magnet dalam gegelung
sekunder / cut magnetic field secondary /
potong medan magnet sekunder
M2: Produced induced electromotive force
(e.m.f) // Menghasilkan daya gerak elektrik
(d.g.e) teraruh
(c) (i) equal / sama
(ii) 6.1 > 6.2
(b) Right hand grip rule / petua genggaman (iii) 6.1 > 6.2
tangan kanan (iv) 6.1 < 6.2
(c) (i) greater number of turns (d) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
Increase the force / strength of magnetic
field / daya bertambah / kekuatan medan 8. SPM 2014
magnet bertambah (a) (i) The rate of flow of charge / kadar
(ii) greater number of batteries pengaliran cas
Increases current / arus bertambah (ii) P = I2R = 10 x 10 x 10 = 1 000 W
(iii) semicircular shape / bentuk semi bulatan (b) (i) Thick wire / dawai tebal
Increase strength of magnetic field / Low resistance / Rintangan rendah
radial magnetic field / tambah kekuatan (ii) Many number of turns of secondary coils /
medan magnet / medan magnet jejarian bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder banyak
(iv) X Higher voltage / beza keupayaan tinggi.
(iii) copper / aluminium / kuprum
5. SPM 2011 Low resistance / rintangan rendah
(a) step down transformer / transformer injak (c) Ac voltage can be stepped up
turun Voltage au boleh diturunkan
(b) (i) Vp/Np = Vs/Ns
240/600 = 12/Ns 9. SPM 2017
Ns = 30 (a) Low resistance / thick / high melting point
(ii) P = VI I = 24/12 = 2 A Rintangan rendah / tebal / takat lebur tinggi
(c) Diode (b) (i) M1: 10 x 106 // 10
132 x 103 32
 12

M2: 75.76 A (b) (i) Light / electron is blocked // cahaya /

(ii) M1: P = I2R = (75.76)2 x 600 electron dihalang
// (75.75 )2 x 600 (ii) Pendarflour effect/ kinetic energy → heat +
M2: = 3.44 x 106 W light energy / kesan pendarflour / kinetic →
(c) (i) soft iron / besi lembut haba + cahaya
easy to magnetized and demagnetized / (c) 4.8 x 10-16 = ½ (9.0 x 10-31) v2
mudah menjadi magnet dan hilang magnet. v = 3.27 x 107 m/s
(ii) shape X / bentuk X (d) (i) downward / ke bawah
The secondary coil and primary coil can be (ii) Fleming’s left hand rule / Peraturan tangan
wound on top of each other / reduce kiri Fleming.
leakage of magnetic flux / Gegelung
sekunder dililit rapat dengan gegelung 4. SPM 2015
primer // Gegelung sekunder dan gegelung (a) (i) a.c / a.u
primer dililitkan di atas satu sama lain / (ii) d.c / a.t
mengurangkan kebocoran fluks magnet (b) (i) diode / diod
(iii) 20:1 (ii) Allow currents to flow in one direction /
Output voltage is 12 V / decrease output Benarkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah.
voltage // voltan output 12 V /
menurunkan voltan output / 5. SPM 2008
(iv) R (a) silicon / germanium,
(b) (i) 6.1 reversed biased / 6.2 forward biased
6.1 pincang songsang 6.2 pincang ke depan
(ii) 6.1 ammeter reading is zero / 6.2 ammeter
shows reading / 6.1 bacaan ammeter sifar
6.2 ammeter ada bacaan

CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONIK (c) M1: No current flows in 6.1 and there is current
BAB 9: ELEKTRONIK flows in 6.2 / Tiada arus mengalir dalam 6.1
dan ada arus mengalir dalam 6.2
M2: High resistance or depletion layer is thicker
1. SPM 2013 in diagram 6.1 / Rintangan tinggi atau
(a) Thermionic emission / pancaran termion lapisan susutan tebal dalam rajah 6.1
(b) accelerate electrons / memecutkan electron (d) Allow current to move in one direction only
(c) Q = It = 0.01 x 5 = 0.05 C Benarkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah sahaja.
(d) (i) (e) M1: Diode converts a.c to d.c. The first half-
cycle, diode is forward biased and current
flows / Diod tukar a.u ke a.t. Semasa
separuh pusingan pertama, diod pincang
ke depan, arus mengalir
M2: In the second half-cycle, the diode is
(ii) Electron is negatively charged / electron reversed biased and no current flow
bercas negatif. Separuh pusingan kedua, diod pincang
songsang dan arus tidak mengalir
2. SPM 2010
(a) High speed electron beam / Alur electron 6. SPM 2018
berhalaju tinggi. (a) A material that can conduct electricity between
(b) M1: Electron hit the screen / Elektron hentam conductor and insulator. //
skrin Bahan yang boleh mengkonduksi elektrik
M2: The kinetic energy changes to light energy antara konduktor dan penebat.
Tenaga kinetic berubah ke tenaga cahaya. (b) The bulb lights up / mentol menyala
(c) 2 x 2 = 4 V (c)
(d)

(d) M1: 5 x 2 / ½ x Vpp

M2: 10 V
3. SPM 2016
(a) Thermionic emissions / Pancaran termion
 13

7. SPM 2003
(a) (i) amplifier / automatic switch / suis automatic
(ii)

(c) (i) 6 V
(ii) 100 X 6 = 0.176 V
3400
(iii) Bila ada cahaya, rintangan LDR berkurang,
jadi beza keupayaan LDR berkurang.
10. SPM 2009
Voltan merentasi R bertambah dan arus
(a) NOT gate / Get TAK
tapak mengalir melalui S.
(b) Truth table / jadual kebenaran
When there is light, resistance of LDR
decreases, so voltage across LDR
decreases. Voltage across R increases and
base current flows through S
(c) (i) LDR sebab ia tidak peka kepada haba
LED sebab ia tidak hasilkan bunyi
LDR : it does not sensitive to heat.
LED: it does not produce sound (c) To activate the secondary circuit of the security
(ii) Termister / perintang peka haba dan siren / lamp of high voltage / Hidupkan litar kedua
loceng / Thermistor / heat dependent yang mempunyai lampu keselamatan yang
resistor and siren / bell. tinggi voltan
(d) 11. SPM 2011
(a) Switch with many input but has one output
only.
Suis yang mempunyai banyak input tapi hanya
1 output sahaja.
(b) (i) truth table / jadual kebenaran

(ii) AND gate/ get DAN

8. SPM 2012 (iii) symbol
(a) LDR / light dependent resistor / PPC / Perintang
peka cahaya
(b) (i) V = IR = (40000) 6 = 4.8 V
(c) (i) low mass / jisim kecil
50000
Lighter / moves faster
(ii) I = V/R = 6/[10000 + 40000]
Ringan / gerak laju
= 6/50000
(ii) high power motor / motor berkuasa tinggi
= 0.00012 A
rotate faster / high energy /high
(c) R LDR high/ R PPC tinggi
momentum / high force / Gerak laju / tenaga
V LDR high / V LDR high
tinggi / daya tinggi / momentum tinggi
V base high/ V tapak tinggi
Base current flow/ arus tapak mengalir
Collector current flows / arus pengumpul
12. SPM 2004
mengalir
(a) Voltage = 12 – 2 = 10 V
Transisor ON
(b) Perintang peka cahaya / PPC
Light dependent resistance / LDR
9. SPM 2017
(c) (i) Relay switch / suis geganti
(a) AND get / Get DAN
(ii) Nyalakan lampu sorot dalam litar kedua
(b) truth table / jadual kebenaran
yang perlukan voltan tinggi.
Switch on the spotlight in the secondary
circuit which required high voltage.
 14

(d) (i) Truth table / Jadual kebenaran The radiation rays was blocked
(b) Aras kurang julat
Sinar boleh tembusi botol
The level is below the range
The radiation can pass through the bottle
(c) OR gate / Get ATAU
(d) Truth table / jadual kebenaran

(ii) AND Gate / Get DAN

(iii) symbol

(e) (i) Tolak jika lebih @ kurang julat @ input S1

13. SPM 2006 DAN S2 1 ATAU 0/
(a) truth table / jadual kebenaran Reject when exceed / less / outside the
acceptable range or input S1 AND S2 is 1
OR 0
(ii) Terima dalam julat atau bila input S1 ialah 1
dan input S2 ialah 0/ Accept when within
the acceptable range or when input S1 is 1
(ii) exclusive OR / eksklusif ATAU and input S2 is 0
(iii) symbol

(b) Activate secondary circuit which uses high CHAPTER 10: RADIOACTIVITY
voltage / hidupkan litar kedua yang mempunyai
voltan tinggi
BAB 10: KERADIOAKTIFAN
(c) (i) When dark, the resistance high/ bila gelap,
rintangan tinggi 1. SPM 2009
(ii) Diagram (a) negative
(b) Atoms of an element which have same proton
number but different nucleon numbers
Atom satu elemen yang mempunyai sama no
proton tapi berlaian nucleon number
(c) A = 2 X = 3

2. SPM 2010
(a) Negatively charged / bercas negatif
(b) Half life = 12 hours / jam
(iii) High light intensity produces lower LDR
resistance, so high base voltage / Bila
keamatan cahaya tinggi, rintangan LDR
rendah, voltan tapak tinggi
A bigger base current flows and activated
the transistor / Arus tapak mengalir dan
hidupkan transistor
A big collector current flows through the
relay switch and activates the circuit of the
door motor. / Arus penggumpul mengalir
melalui suis geganti dan hidupkan litar
motor pintu.

14. SPM 2005 (c) Short half-life so it is safe

(a) Aras meningkat / lebih julat Separuh hayat pendek, ia lebih selamat
Sinar radiasi dihalang (d) 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8
The level was exceed / over the range 3 x 12 hours = 36 hours
 15

(d) 238 = 206 + 4x

3. SPM 2011 x=8
(a) Time taken for radioactive substance to decay 92 = 82 + 2x - y
to half of its original mass/activity 92 = 82 + 16 – y
Masa diambil untuk bahan radioaktif mereput y=6
menjadi separuh daripada jisim /aktiviti asal
(b) The unstable nucleus to become stable. 7. SPM 2014
Nukleus tidak stabil menjadi lebih stabil (a) (i) 4
(c) (i) 32/8 = 4T1/2 (ii) 4
2001005025 12.5 g (b) (i) 2
(ii) graf (ii) 2
(c) ….alpha …..4…..2
(d) (i) paths

(ii) Alpha particle is positively charged

4. SPM 2012 Zarah alfa bercas positif.
(a) Alpha decay / pereputan alfa
(b) Unstable nucleus / nucleus yang tidak stabil
(c) (i) 226.025 – [222.018 + 4.003] = 0.004 u
= 0.004 x 1.66 x 10-27 = 6.64 x 10-30 kg
(ii) E = mc2
= (0.004 x 1.66 x 10-27) x (3 x 108)2
= 5.976 x 10-13 J 8. SPM 2019
5. SPM 2016 (a) Neutral / no charge / high energy / high
(a) Unstable isotope / isotop yang tidak stabil penetrating power / electromagnetic wave
(b) High ionizing power / kuasa pengionan tinggi Tiada cas / tenaga tinggi / kuasa penembusan
(c) (i) half life / separuh hayat = 20 s tinggi / gelombang electromagnet
(b) (i) Background reading // Bacaan latar
belakang / Background radiation / cosmic
rays Sinar latarbelakang // Sinar
semulajadi / sinar kosmik
(ii) 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8 // 3T1/2 // 18
3
T1/2 = 6 hours
(c) A = 24 Z = 12

9. SPM 2005
(a) (i) graph

(d) 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5 → 6.25

6.25

6. SPM 2017
(a) Elektron berhalaju tinggi/
High speed electron
(b) Sinar kosmik/ cosmic ray
(c) (i) Decreases / berkurang (ii) Half life / separuh hayat = 7 days
(ii) Zarah beta tidak boleh menembusi (iii) 1600 → 800 → 400 → 200 → 100 → 50
aluminium/ beta particles cannot penetrate 5T1/2 = 5 x 7 = 35 days
aluminium foil
 16

(b) (i) nucleon  momentum bergantung kepada jisim dan

(ii) Rn-86 He-4 halaju momentum = jisim x halaju / inersia
(iii) E = mc2 = (8.6818 x 10-30)(3 x 108)2 bergantung pada jisim / Inertia depends on
E = 7.8 x 10-12 J mass
 momentum tinggi, susah kawal lori / banyak
10. SPM 2007 kerosakan bila berlanggar // High momentum,
(a) (i) Long half life / separuh hayat panjang difficult to control the lorry // more damage
Long lasting / tahan lama done
(ii) Beta  susah berhentikan lori / Difficult to stop
Medium penetrating power / less harmfull /  momentum = mass x velocity / momentum =
kuasa penembusan sederhana / kurang jisim x halaju
bahaya
(iii) Solid / Pepejal Question 3
Easy to handle / Senang diurus • When ball A is pulled and let to fall, it
(b) Strontium 90 strikes the ball B at rest and it stop. // apabila
(c) (i) decreases / berkurang bola A ditarik dan dilepaskan, ia hentam bola
(ii) Roller will press the thick cardboard B yang pegun dan ia berhenti.
penggelek akan menekan kadbod • The momentum of the ball is zero as its
(d) 100% → 50% → 25% → 12.5% → 6.25% velocity is zero. // Momentum bola sifar bila
4T1/2 = 4 x 5.27 = 21.08 years. halajunya 0.
 The energy and momentum from the first ball
11. SPM 2015 is transferred to the second ball and then
(a) A heavy nucleus is split into two lighter nucleus transmitted through the balls at rest to the
Nukleus berat dipisahkan kepada dua nukleus ball on the other end. // Tenaga dan
ringan momentum bola pertama dipindahkan ke bola
(b) Unstabel nucleus / Nukleus yang tidak stabil kedua dan dipindahkan melalui bola lain yang
(c) (i) 3 pegun ke bolah di hujung.
(ii) E = mc2 = 0.18606 x 1.66 x 10-27 x (3 x 108)2 • Momentum and energy is maintained in
= 2.78 x 10-11 J this system. So the last ball will move at the
12. SPM 2013 same velocity as the first ball. // Momentum
(a) (i) No of proton + no of neutron / no proton + dan tenaga kekal sama dalam sistem. Maka
no neutron bola yang akhir akan bergerak dengan
(ii) 3 kelajuan yang sama dengan bola pertama.
(b) Nuclear fusion / Pelakuran nuklues
(c) (i) before = 2 x 2.01410 = 4.0282 Question 4
after = 3.01603 + 1.00867 = 4.0247 • Hidrogen and oksigen mix // hidgrogen
Mass defect = 4.0282 – 4.0247 = 0.0035 dan oksigen dicampurkan
(ii) E = 0.0035 x 1.6 x 10-27 x (3 x 108)2 • The mixture explodes//Campuran itu
= 5.229 x 10-13 J meletup
• The hot gasses moved out the rocket
nozzle at high velocity // gas panas berhalaju
tinggi dikeluarkan dari muncung roket
JAWAPAN SET 2 • Momentum upward (rocket) = momentum
downward (hot gases) // momentum ke atas
CHAPTER 2: FORCE AND MOTION (roket) = momentum ke bawah (gas panas)
BAB 2: DAYA & GERAKAN

Skill 1: Understanding Question 5

Kemahiran 1: Kefahaman M1 – (hand) fast // (tangan gerak laju
M2 – stop quickly / time short // berhenti cepat /
Question 1 masa pendek
• 0 – 3 h : constant velocity / Halaju M3 – change in momentum / high impulsive
seragam / force // daya impuls tinggi
• 3 – 5 h : at rest / pegun M4 – Force inversely proportional to time // daya
• 5 – 8 h : constant velocity in opposite impuls berkadar songsang dengan masa
direction / Halaju seragam pada arah impak
bertentangan
• Total displacement :120 + (-120) = 0 Question 6
• jumlah sesaran: 120 + (-120) = 0 • The propeller absorb air // Kipas sedut
udara
Question 2 • The air is compressed in the combustion
chamber until high temperature // Udara
 17

dimampatkan dalam kebuk pembakaran Question 11

sehingga suhu tinggi
• The fuel is injected into the combustion
chamber and explodes. // Kerosin
dipancutkan dan berlaku letupan dalam
kebuk pembakaran
• The gas exhaust produced is released at
high speed through the nozzel and produces
high momentum backward. // Gas ekzos
berhalaju tinggi dilepaskan melalui nozel dan  Method (b) by pushing / kaedah menolak
hasilkan momentum tinggi.  FY upward // Komponen FY ke atas,
• An equal forward momentum is produced  Resultant force downward smaller / W - FY
to push the plane // Momentum ke depan // daya paduan ke bawah lebih kecil / W - FY
yang sama dihasilkan; tolak kapalterbang.

Question 7
(a) a change in momentum // perubahan
momentum
(b) Time of contact // Masa sentuhan bertambah
Ft increase // Ft bertambah
Ft = mv – mu increase // Ft = mv – mu
bertambah
Speed increase / go further / accelerate // laju
bertambah / pergi lebih jauh / memecut

Question 8
 Front bumper long and made from material Question 12
easy to crumple // bumper depan panjang dan  The forces between atom are attractive force
and repulsive force // daya antara atom
dibuat dari bahan mudah remuk
adalah daya tarikan dan daya tolakan
 Prolong the time of impact to reduce
 When the force is applied, the distance
impulsive force // memanjangkan masa impak between atoms decreases. // Apabila daya
untuk mengurangkan daya impuls dikenakan, jarak antara atom berkurang.
 Air bag released automatically on impact //  The repulsive force is acted on the atoms. //
beg udara dibuka automatic bila berlaku Daya tolakan bertindak ke atas atom.
impak  When the applied force is removed, repulsive
 Reduced impulsive force exerted on the force pushes the atoms back to original
driver //mengurangkan daya impuls position. // Apabila daya dikenakan
dikeluarkan, daya tolakan menolaka atom
balik ke kedudukan asal.
Question 9
Constant velocity // Halaju seragam Question 13
• Engine thrust = drag // tujahan enjin = seretan  Wc > frictional force // Wc > daya geseran
• Resultant force = 0 // daya paduan = 0  unbalanced force or Resultant force acting //
Acceleration // Pecutan daya tidak seimbang // ada daya paduan
• Engine thrust > drag // tujahan enjin > seretan  Wc = frictional force // daya geseran
• Resultant is not equal zero / F = ma // Daya  Resultant force is zero / force in equilibrium //
paduan bukan sifar / F = ma daya paduan sifar / daya seimbang

Question 10
• PQ: Accelerate / increase in velocity
memecut / Halaju bertambah
• Resultant force not zero / unbalanced
force / F ≠ 0 / daya paduan bukan sifar / daya
tak seimbang
• QR / 20 – 40 saat / selepas Q : constant
velocity / uniform velocity / zero acceleration /
a = 0 / Halaju malar / halaju seragam / pecutan
sifar / daya paduan = 0 / daya seimbang
• Resultant force = 0 / balanced force
 18

 force push the dust inside the vacuum

cleaner // daya tolak habuk ke dalam
pembersih vakum

Question 3
M1 – force produce pressure / P=F/A // daya
hasilkan tekanan
M2 – pressure transmitted equally to A2 /equal /
P1= P2 // tekanan dipindahkan secara
seragam ke A2
M3 – pressure act on A2 / pressure produce force /
tekanan hasilkan daya output / F2 = PA2
M4 – A2 > A1 / ratio A2:A1 / A2 greater / ratio A2:A1
Daya output berkadar terus dengan luas
permukaan
Question 14
 Thrust > Drag // Tujah > Seretan
Question 4
 Force not in equilibrium / a α F // Resultant force
 The submarine has a ballast tank // kapal
// Daya paduan // unbalanced force / F ǂ 0
selam ada tangki ballast
 Weight, W = Lifting force /Berat = Daya angkat
 Water is filled in the ballast tank to increase
 Resultant force = 0 // Net force = 0 // Daya bersih the weight of the submarine // air diisi ke
= 0 // No net force / Balance force / force in dalam tangki ballast untuk menambahkan
equilibrium / Daya seimbang berat kapal selam
 The submarine sinks into the water when its
Question 15
weight is larger than the buoyant force //
kapal selam tenggelam kerana berat lebih
Question 16
besar dari daya apungan

CHAPTER 3: FORCE & PRESSURE

BAB 3: DAYA & TEKANAN Question 5
 Shape / bentuk: aerofoil
Skill 1: Understanding / Kefahaman  Air faster (at) top // udara laju di atas
 Small pressure (at) upper // tekanan rendah di
Question 1 atas
(i) Draw the path of the water  difference in pressure // perbezaan tekanan //
P2 – P 1
 Lift / force // daya angkat // F = PA // F // PA
 Bernoulli’s principle // prinsip Bernoulli

Question 6
 Buoyant increases when the volume of the
immersed wooden block increases // Daya
apung bertambah apabila isipadu blok kayu
yang terendam dalam air bertambah
(ii) Distance increase // jarak tambah  buoyant force is larger than the weight when
density large // ketumpatan tinggi the wooden block is moving upwards. // daya
Pressure directly proportional to density apung bergerak lebih besar daripada berat
//high pressure / P = ρgh // tekanan berkadar apabila bongkah kayu bergerak ke atas
terus dengan ketumpatan // tekanan tinggi  Buoyant force equals to weight of the wooden
block when it is floating on the surface of
Question 2 water // daya apung sama dengan berat
 fan sucks air out // kipas sedut udara keluar bongkah kayu terapung atas permukaan air.
 low pressure in the vacuum cleaner // tekanan
rendah di dalam pembersih vakum
 difference in pressure / atmospheric pressure Question 7
outside is high // perbezaan tekanan / tekanan  The gas from the gas tank flow in the bunsen
atmosfera di luar tinggi burner // gas dari tangki gas mengalir ke
penunu Bunsen
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 At the nozzle, the velocity of gas flows is very air sama dengan suhu yang ditunjukkan oleh
high. // Halaju gas laju di muncung thermometer.
 A region of low pressure is produced at the  No net heat flows.// Tiada haba bersih
nozzle. //Kawasan bertekanan rendah mengalir
dihasilkan di muncung.
 Difference in pressure / Air is sucked in k Question 3
terdapat perbezaan tekanan / udara disedut  Sweat is being evaporated// Peluh menyejat
masuk  Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is
 The mixture of gas and air producing absorbed from the body. // Haba pendam
complete combustion of gas // campuran gas tentu pengewapan diserap dari badan
dan udara hasilkan pembakaran lengkap  Air movement velocity increases under a
fan // Halaju Gerakan udara bertambah di
Question 8 bawah kipas
 Density of gas low// ketumpatan gas rendah  Evaporation rate increases and the body
 Weight balloon low / lighter // berat belon temperature decreases.// Kadar penyejatan
rendah bertambah dan suhu badan berkurang.
 Buoyant force = volume of air displaced x
density of air x gravitational acceleration / F =
Question 4
ρvg /buoyant force is directly proportional to
density of air displaced / buoyant force =
weight of air displaced// daya apung = berat
udara disesarkan // daya apung = (isipadu
udara disesarkan) x (ketumpatan udara) x
pecutan gravity / daya apung berkadar terus
dengan ketumpatan udara disesarkan
 Buoyant force > weight of balloon // daya
apung > jumlah berat belon

Question 9

Question 10

CHAPTER 4: HEAT
BAB 4: HABA

Skill 1: Understanding / Kefahaman

Question 1
 Put thermometer under the tongue/ armpit //
Termometer diletak di bawah lidah / ketiak
 Heat flows / transfers from the patient’s body
to the thermometer // Haba mengalir dari
badan pesakit ke thermometer
 Until thermal equilibrium is achieved //
Sehingga mencapai keseimbangan terma
 The temperature of thermometer equal
temperature of the patient’s body. // Suhu
thermometer sama dengan suhu badan
pesakit.

Question 2
 Heat flows from hot water to thermometer. //
Haba mengalir daripada air panas ke
thermometer
 Until it achieve thermal equilibrium. //
Sehingga ia mencapai keseimbangan terma.
 Temperature of water is the same as
temperature shown by thermometer // Suhu
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