LEARNING MODULE

MATHEMA G7|Q1 WEEK 1

TICS

Sets

Prepared by:

JEMAEMA C. CABUYADAO
Subject Teacher
CP No.: 09061072595
Facebook Acct.: Jemaema Cocos Cabuyadao
Gmail: [email protected]
Checked by:

FULGENCIO A. ACDAL, JR.

Asst. School Director

MATHEMATICS 7
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
Illustrate well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, cardinality of sets, union
and intersection of sets and the difference of two sets.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Describe well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set and cardinality of sets.
 Write sets using Roster and Rule Methods
 Illustrate union, intersection, complement and difference of sets.
 Perform the operations on union, intersection, complement and difference of two sets.

CONTENT STANDARD
In this module, the learner is able to formulate challenging situations involving sets and
real numbers and solve these in a variety of strategies.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
Formulate challenging situations involving sets and real numbers and solve these in
variety of strategies.

MATERIALS/RESOURCES:
o Learning Module Internet (if accessible)
o Learning Activity Sheet
o Calculator

GUIDELINES AND REMINDERS

The following are some guidelines and reminders to remember when using this module:
1. Use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the “What Do You Already Know?” section before moving on to
the next activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks found in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

 PRE-ASSESSMENT | LO 1
Please answer all items. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer
and look for the right answer as you go through this module. . Write the letter of your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which among the following is a well-defined set?
A. The set of good writers C. The set of enjoyable subjects in Grade 7
B. The set of counting numbers D. The set of prettiest students in your school

2. What is the cardinality of set A which contains even numbers less than 10?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

3. How many subsets will a set of 5 elements have?

A. 10 B. 25 C. 32 D. 64

4. Which rule describes the set, A = {…,-1, 0, 1, …}

A. A = {x/x is a set of counting numbers}
B. A = {x/x is a set of whole numbers}
C. A = {x/x is a set of numbers}
D. A = {x/x is a set of integers}

5. Which of the following statements is true?

A. { 2,4 } Є { 2,4,6 } C. { 2 } { 2,4,6 }
B. ∅ Є { 2,4,6 } D. n(A) = 6

6. If U, the universal set, is {1,2,3,4,5} and set A is {1,2}. What is Ac?

A. {3,4,5} B. {1,2,3,4,5} C. {1,2} D. {1,2,3}

7. What is {3,4,5} ꓴ {7,8}

A. {3,4,5,6,7,8} B. {3,4,5,7,8} C. {3,4,5} D. ∅

8. Given set A = {3,4,5,6,7} and set B = {5,6,7,8,9} what is C in the diagram?

A
A. {5,6,7} C. {3,4,5,6}
B. {5,4,8,9} D. {3,4,5,6,7,8,9} C
B
9. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {2, 4, 6, 8}.
Find A’.
A. {1,3,5,7,9,10} C. {1,2,4,6,8,9,10}
B. {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} D. {2,4,6,8}

10. What is/are the subset/s of A={3}

i. {3}
ii. { }
iii. {0}
A. i only B. ii only C. iii only D. i and ii

EXPLORE! Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper

Look at the objects below.
 How can you group the objects? Name each group.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

How many groups can you form?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Is there an object that belongs to more than one group?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

Lesson 1: BASICS ON SETS

A set is a well-defined collection of objects that have something in common or have

followed a rule. It is usually is usually named with a capital letter. The objects in the set are
called its elements. Every object in a set is unique: The same object cannot be included in the
set more than once.
A set can be defined by describing the contents, or by listing the elements of the set
known as the Roster Method, enclosed in curly braces. Set notation uses curly braces, with
elements separated by commas. In Rule Method, instead of listing down the elements, the
rules for membership/category is indicated and is written in the form {x/x...} read as “set of all x
such that x is a/an …“

Let's look at some examples of sets.

Example 1:
What is the set of primary colors?

Roster Method: C = {red, blue, yellow}

Rule Method: C = {x/x is a primary color}

Example 2:
Let A be the set of all the letters in the English alphabet

Roster Method: A= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z}

Rule Method: A= {x/x is a letter in the English alphabet}

Example 3:
Let R be the set of all vowels in the English alphabet.
 Roster Method: R = {a, e, i, o, u}
Rule Method: R= {x/x is a vowel in the English alphabet}

An object that belongs to a set is called an element (or a member) of that set. We use
special notation to indicate whether or not an element belongs to a set: (∈, “is an element of”
and ∉, “is not an element of”).

Example 4:
Let X be the set of odd numbers less than 12.

In X = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}, 7 is an element of set X (in symbol 7 ∈ X) while 6 is not an

element of set X (in symbol 6 ∉ X).

 A set that contains no elements, { }, is called the empty set/ null set and is notated ∅ or
{}. The empty set/ null set is a subset of any set.

 The cardinality of a set A is the number of elements contained in A. The cardinality of a

set A is written as n(A).

 The universal set, U is the set that contains all objects under consideration.

 A subset of a set A is another set that contains only elements from set A, but may not
contain all the elements of A. If B is a subset of A, we write B ⊆ A. A proper subset is a
subset that is not identical to the original set—it contains fewer elements. If B is a proper
subset of A, we write B ⊂ A

Example 5:
Consider these three sets:
A = the set of all the letters in the English alphabet B = {a, e, i, o, u} C = { 1, b, d, g}

Here B ⊂ A (read as B is a subset of A) since every element of B is also a letter in the

English alphabet, so is an element of A. More formally we can say, B ⊂ A if all the elements in
set B are found in set A.

C is not a subset of A, since C has an element 1, that is not contained in A.

The cardinality of set B is n(B)= 5, meaning there are 5 elements in set B. For the
cardinality of sets C and A we have n(C)= 4 and n(A) = 26 respectively.

The number of subsets in a set can be determined by using the formula 2n where n is
the cardinality of the set.

Example 6:

CARDINALITY NO. OF
SET SUBSETS
OF THE SET SUBSETS
1) A = {1} n(A) = 1 {1}, {} 2
2) B = {1,2} n(B) = 2 {1}, {2}, {1,2}, {} 4
3) C = {1, 2, 3} n(C) = 3 {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3} , {} 8
{1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {1,4}, {2,3},
4) D = {1, 2, 3, 4} n(D) = 4 {2,4}, {3,4}, {1,2,3}, {1,2,4}, {2,3,4}, {1,3,4}, 16
{1,2,3,4}, {}
5) E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} n(E) = 5 {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {1,4}, 32
{1,5}, {2,3}, {2,4}, {2,5}, {3,4}, {3,5}, {4,5},
{1,2,3}, {1,2,4}, {1,2,5}, {1,3,4}, {1,3,5},
{1,4,5}, {2,3,4}, {2,3,5}, {2,4,5}, {3,4,5},
{1,2,3,4}, {1,2,3,5}, {1,2,4,5}, {1,3,4,5},
 {2,3,4,5}, {1,2,3,4,5}, {}

Lesson 2: OPERATIONS OF SETS

The union of two sets contains all the elements contained in either set (or both sets).
The union is notated A ⋃ B. More formally, x ∈ A ⋃ B if x ∈ A or x ∈ B (or both). It is when we
combine all the elements from the given sets.

The intersection of two sets contains only the elements that are in both sets. The
intersection is notated A ⋂ B. More formally, x ∈ A ⋂ B if x ∈ A and x ∈ B. It is when we find the
common elements in the given sets.

The complement of a set A contains everything that is not in the set A. The complement
is notated A’, or Ac.

The difference of two sets, written A - B is the set of all elements of A that are not
elements of B.

Example 7:
Consider the sets:
U = {red, green, blue, orange, yellow, purple}
A = {red, green, blue}
B = {red, yellow, orange}
C = {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple}
Find the following:

1. A ⋃ B = The union contains all the elements in either set:

A ⋃ B = {red, green, blue, yellow, orange} (Notice we only list red once.)

2. A ⋂ B = The intersection contains all the elements common in both sets:

A ⋂ B = {red}

3. Ac = The complement contains everything that is not in the set A

Ac= {orange, yellow, purple}

4. Ac ⋂ B = Here we’re looking for all the elements that are not in set A and are in B:
Ac ⋂ B = {orange, yellow}

5. C – A = The difference of sets contains all elements of C that are not elements of A:
C – A = {orange, yellow, purple}

Example 8
Let U = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, A = {1,2,4,5,7} and B= {2,3,5,6}

a. A ⋃ B = {1,2,4,5,7} ⋃ {2,3,5,6} c. A – B = {1,2,4,5,7} - {2,3,5,6}

= { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7} = {1,4,7}

b. A ⋂ B = {1,2,4,5,7} ⋂ {2,3,5,6} d. B’ = {1,7,8,9}

= {2,5}
e. A’ = {3,6,8,9}

KEEP IN MIND
 A set is a well-defined collection of objects that have something in common or follow a
rule. The objects in the set are called its elements. Every object in a set is unique: The same
object cannot be included in the set more than once.
A set can be defined by describing the contents, or by listing the elements of the set
known as the Roster Method, enclosed in curly braces. Set notation uses curly braces, with
elements separated by commas. In Rule Method, instead of listing down the elements, the
rules for membership/category is indicated and is written in the form {x/x...} read as “set of all x
such that x is a/an …“
An object that belongs to a set is called an element (or a member) of that set.
A set that contains no elements, { }, is called the empty set/ null set and is notated ∅ or
{}. The empty set/ null set is a subset of any set.
The cardinality of a set A is the number of elements contained in A. The cardinality of a
set A is written as n(A).
The universal set U is the set that contains all objects under consideration.
A subset of a set A is another set that contains only elements from the set A, but may
not contain all the elements of A. If B is a subset of A, we write B ⊆ A. A proper subset is a
subset that is not identical to the original set—it contains fewer elements. If B is a proper subset
of A, we write B ⊂ A
The union of two sets contains all the elements contained in either set (or both sets).
The union is notated A ⋃ B. More formally, x ∈ A ⋃ B if x ∈ A or x ∈ B (or both). It is when we
combine all the elements from the given sets.
The intersection of two sets contains only the elements that are in both sets. The
intersection is notated A ⋂ B. More formally, x ∈ A ⋂ B if x ∈ A and x ∈ B. It is when we find the
common elements in the given sets.
The complement of a set A contains everything that is not in the set A. The complement
is notated A’, or Ac.
The difference of two sets, written A - B is the set of all elements of A that are not
elements of B.

Now that you already learned the basic concept on set and its operation,
proceed to the provided Learning Activity Sheet and answer the following activities.

Resources:
o Mirabona, Isaac P., 2013, Interactive Mathematics 7, Innovative Educational Materials,
Inc.
o Nivera, Gladys C., 2014 Grade 7 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities, Salestiana
Books, Don Bosco Press Inc.
o Oronce, Orlando,A., 2001 Interactive Mathematics, Manila,Rex Bookstore
o www.lumenlearning.com
o https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_maths_book_class_11/section/1.6/
o https://www.math-only-math.com/word-problems-on-sets.html
o GRADE 7 MATH LM