Module 2

Planning and Implementation of Instruction

What this module is about?

In this module, we shall discuss the concept of microteaching and the various teaching skills.
It helps the learner to fine tune his teaching skill. The origin of microteaching, how it is used to
train teacher trainees is also discussed. The planning of a lesson and a unit is also discussed.

What you are expected to learn?

This module is designed for you to:
1. Understand the meaning of microteaching.
2. Know the definitions of microteaching.
3. Understand the steps in microteaching.
4. List the phases of microteaching
5. Differentiate micro and macro lesson plan
6. Understand the need to link lessons
7. List the components of a lesson plan

ENJOY READING AND ANSWERING THIS MODULE!!!

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 What you will do?
Lesson 1
Meaning of Microteaching

Micro-teaching is one of the recent innovations in the field of educational technology. It

offers a new model for improving teaching. It has been found to be an effective modem strategy
for modification of classroom behaviour of teachers. The concept underlying micro- teaching,
assumes that teaching consists of various skills. Practice-teaching becomes effective only on
acquisition of specific skills. All these teaching skills which go to make good teaching can be
defined, observed, measured and controlled by means of practice. Micro- teaching is now
accepted as an efficient instrument of teacher training. It provides a controlled setting for making
various experiments in teaching methods. It has the advantage of providing self-evaluation of
one’s performance. It allows the teacher trainee to practice any one skill on his/her own, and
then combine it with others when it has been mastered.

Meaning of MicroTeaching

Microteaching is a method which enables teacher trainees to practice a skill by teaching a short
lesson to a small number of pupils. Usually a micro lesson of 5 to10 minutes is taught to four or
five fellow students. A supervisor, using an appraisal guide, usually rates the lesson and then
discusses it with the teacher trainee, where closed circuit television (CCTV) is available the
appraisal guide may be redundant. The teacher trainee may alter his/her approach if necessary
and later re teaches the lesson to another group of pupils. This lesson is also rated by the
supervisor and then analyzed and discussed with the teacher- trainee. The major premise
underlying the concept of microteaching is that the complex teaching act can be split into
component skills; each simple, well – defined and limited. These skills can be identified,
practiced, evaluated, controlled and acquired through training. Micro teaching implies micro-
element that systematically attempts to simplify the complexities of the teaching process.

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Definitions

Microteaching has been defined in several ways Allen D.W and Eve, A.N. (1968) defined
microteaching as “a system of controlled practice that makes it possible to concentrate on
specific teaching behaviour and to practice teaching under controlled conditions”

Allen, D.W (1966) defined microteaching as “a scaled down teaching encounter in class
size and class time”. Buch, M.B (1968) has given a comprehensive definition of microteaching
as a “teacher education technique which allows teachers to apply clearly defined teaching skills
to carefully prepared lessons in planned series of 5 to 10 minutes. It encounters with a small
group of real students, often with an opportunity to observe the results on videotape”
Passi,B.K(1976) writes that “the most important point in microteaching is that teaching is
practiced in terms of definable, observable, measurable and controllable teaching skills”.

Flanders, Ned .A.(1960): Micro teaching programmed is organized to expose the trainee
to an organized curriculum of miniature teaching encounters, moving from the less complex to
the more complex. Young (1969) “Micro-teaching is a safe practice ground for student-teachers;
class room management problem can be minimized and focused upon separately as a
component skill.

Try this out

Encircle the letter of the correct answer>
1. Time taken for a Micro Teaching Lesson is

a. 30 - 40 minutes c. 15 – 20 minutes
b. 20 – 30 minutes d. 5 – 10 minutes
2. Microteaching is a scaled down teaching encounter in class size and class time was
stated by

a. Flanders b. Passi c. Allen d. Young

3. According to him, Micro teaching programmed is organized to expose the trainee to an
organized curriculum of miniature teaching encounters, moving from the less complex to
more complex.

a. Passi b. Flanders c. Young d. Allen

4. ___________ is a method which enables teacher trainee to practice a skill by teaching a
short lesson to a small number of students.

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 a. MacroTeaching b. Teaching c. Microteaching d. skills
5. According to him, Micro-teaching is a safe practice ground for student-teachers.

a. Passi b. Flanders c. Young d. Allen

That’s very good job!

Congratulations!

You deserve points for that. You may

now proceed to the next lesson

Origin
Micro teaching was first introduced at Stanford University, USA in 1963 by Dwight W.
Allen and his co-workers. The Stanford teacher education program staff members sought to
identify isolate and build training programmed for critical teaching skills. There are general
teaching skills that can be applied at many levels, for teaching many different subjects.
Microteaching, has since then, been refined and applied not only in teacher training but also
business, nursing and the army. Research in India and other developing countries have shown
that conventional micro teaching methods help to improve teaching competencies. The first
effort made by Allen and Ryan resulted in identifying fourteen skills. Singh, L.C(1979) makes
reference to twenty two general teaching skills. Menon, et al (1983) has suggested a list of
seventy four skills. These skills have been chosen as they foster teacher – pupil interaction,
particularly as they belong to the four areas of motivation, presentation, recapitulation and
questioning. These are the skills of set induction, demonstration, blackboard writing, explaining,
stimulus variation, questioning and reinforcement
In India D.D.Tiwari was the first to take up this work in 1967 at the Government Central

Pedagogical Institute at Allahabad. This was followed by G.B.Shah who tried an experiment in
microteaching with the help of a tape recorder in the faculty of Education and Psychology,
Baroda in 1970. A major contribution to the microteaching as a teaching device was made in
1974 at the Technical Teachers’ Training Institute. The fisrt book on microteaching in India was
written by N.L.Dosajh under the caption ‘Modification of Teacher Behaviour through
MicroTeaching(1977).

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 Lesson 2
Advantages of Micro Teaching

 Micro teaching is useful for developing teaching efficiency in pre service and in service
teacher education programs.
 Micro teaching can be either in real classroom conditions or in simulated conditions.
 The knowledge and practice of teaching skills can be given by the use of micro teaching.
 Microteaching is a training device for improving teaching practice and prepares effective
teachers.
 It focuses attention on teaching behavior to modify and improve in the desired direction.
 Micro teaching is an effective feedback device for the modification of teacher behavior.
 Microteaching minimizes the complexities of the normal classroom teaching by scaled
down teaching.
 Micro teaching permits increased control and regulates teaching practice.
 The demonstration of model lessons in micro teaching are possible through video-
lessons and short films.

Lesson 3

Drawback (Limitations) of Micro Teaching

 Micro teaching tends to reduce creativity of teachers.

 Its application to new teaching practices is limited.
 It requires competent and suitably trained teacher educators for tits successful
implementation.
 Micro teaching alone may not be adequate. It needs to be supplemented and integrated
with other teaching techniques.
 Micro teaching is very time consuming technique.
 The list of skills is not exhaustive and does not apply to all subjects.

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  Too much fragmentation of skills is not considered convention or practical for training.
 Some skills tend to overlap each other.

Different skills are required for different stages and for different subjects which are difficult to
formulate and achieve. Only a few basic skills such as questioning, explaining, stimulus
variation, management of class are common and can be developed.

Lesson 4
Phases of Micro Teaching

1. Pre-active phase (knowledge acquisition phase)

2. Interactive phase (skill acquisition phase)
3. Post-active phase (Transfer phase)

I. Knowledge Observe Analyze and

Acquisition Phase Demonstration Discuss
(Pre-active Phase) Skill Demonstration

II. Skill Prepare Practice Evaluate

Acquisition Micro Skill Performance
Phase Lesson
(Inter active phase) Re - Tech

III. Transfer Phase Transfer of Skill

To actual
(Post – active Phase) Teaching Situation

Try this out

6. An experiment in microteaching with the help of a tape recorder in the faculty of
Education and Psychology was done by

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 a. D.D Tiwari b. G.B. Shah c. N.L. Dosajh d. Menon
7. Microteaching is a training for improving
a. lessons b. teaching aids c. teaching practice d. syllabus

That’s very good job!

Congratulations!

You deserve points for that. You may

now proceed to the next lesson

Lesson 5
Steps in Micro Teaching

1. Orientation of the student teachers: It involves providing necessary information and

theoretical background about micro teaching on the following aspects:
 concept of micro teaching.
 significance of using micro teaching.
 procedures of micro teaching micro.
 requirements and setting for adopting micro teaching technique.
2. Discussion of teaching skills: In this step the concept of teaching skill is clarified to the
teacher trainee. He develops knowledge and understanding about:
 analysis of teaching into different component teaching skills.
 significance of these skills in classroom teaching.
 component teaching behaviours of different teaching skills
3. Selection of a particular teaching skill: The teacher trainee selects a particular teaching
skill for practice.
4. Presentation of a model demonstration lesson: A demonstration lesson in that particular
teaching skill is presented before the teacher trainee. This stage is known as modelling.
Demonstration can be given in a number of ways.

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  By exhibiting a film or a video tape.
 By making them to listen to an audiotape.
 By arranging a demonstration lesson from a live model example by the teacher
educator or some expert.
 By providing written material such as hand book guide etc.
5. Observation of the model lesson and criticism. : An observation schedule is designed for
the observation of the lesson and is distributed to the teacher trainee. A critical appraisal
of the model lesson is made by the student teachers on the basis of the observation and
analysis.
6. Preparation of micro lesson plan: For practicing the demonstrated teaching skill the
student teacher prepares a micro lesson plan. For this he may take guidance and help
from the teacher educator, books etc.
7. Creation of micro-teaching setting : The Indian model of micro-teaching developed by
NCERT gives the following setting. –
 No. of students – 5 – 10
 Type of students – real students or preferably peers
 Type of supervisors – teacher educators or peers
 Time duration for micro-teaching lesson – 6 minutes
 Time duration for micro-teaching cycle – 36 minutes

This duration is divided as :

Teaching – 6 minutes

Feedback – 6 minutes

Re-plan – 12 minutes

Re-teach – 6 minutes

Re-feedback – 6 minutes

8. Practice of the Skill: Under this step the student teacher teaches a micro-lesson to a
micro- class. This lesson is observed by the teacher educator and the peer group with
the help of the appropriate observation schedule. The lesson can be recorded using an
audiotape or video tape.

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 9. Feedback: Immediate feedback is given by the teacher educator and the peer group.
10. Re-planning: On the basis of the feedback the student teacher re-plans the lesson.
About 12 minutes is given for this purpose.
11. Re-teaching: The session lasts 6 minutes and the student teacher reteaches his micro
lesson on the basis of his re-planned lesson.
12. Re-feedback: The student teacher is provided re-feed back on the re-taught micro
lesson.
13. Integration of the skills: This is the last step and is concerned with the task of integrating
several skills individually mastered by the student teacher. It is helpful in bridging a gap
between training in isolated teaching skills and the real teaching situation faced by a
teacher.

Try this out

8. As per NCTE guidelines in microteaching number of students for a microteaching lesson
is

a. 3 – 5 b. 5 – 7 c. 5 – 10 d. 10 – 13
9. In microteaching immediate feedback is given

a. teacher educator c. self

b. peer group only d. both educator and peers

That’s very good job!

Congratulations!

You deserve points for that. You may

now proceed to the next lesson

Lesson 6

Teaching Skills
Teaching skills are specific instructional activities and procedures that a teacher may

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use in the class room. (Gage 1968). Skill is an act of teaching. (Allen). A teaching skill is a group
of teaching acts/ behaviours intended to facilitate pupils learning activity directly or indirectly.

Characteristics of Teaching Skills

 Teaching skills have three basic components: perception, cognition and action
 Teaching skills have three basic dimensions: non-verbal behavior, openness and nature
of moves in teaching to which the skill belongs.
Some Teaching Skills
1. The skill of Questioning 7. The skill of illustrating with examples
2. The skill of Reinforcement 8. The skill of using blackboard
3. The skill of probing 9. The skill of silence and non-verbal cues
4. The skill of explaining 10. The skill of using audio-visual aids
5. The skill of stimulus variation 11. The skill of recognizing attending behaviour
6. The skill of introducing a lesson 12. The skill of achieving closure

A. Skills of Stimulus

The skill of stimulus variation covers the activities the teacher can introduce to vary the
presentation methods used in a lesson. This skill is concerned with three main areas of
teaching, they are

1. The manner, voice and teaching style of the teacher

2. The media and materials used during teaching
3. Teacher/student relationship during the class

Components

1. Movement 5. Change in interaction style

2. Gestures 6. Pausing
3. Voice modulation 7. Oral-visual switching
4. Focusing

B. Skill of Reinforcement

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 Reinforcement skill can increase student’s involvement in their lessons in a number of
positive ways. The skill is being used when the teacher reinforces good behaviour with a smile,
when the teacher praises a good answer, or encourages a slow learner. Such positive
reinforcement strengthens desirable behaviour, increases student participation. Negative
reinforcement, on the other hand weakens undesirable behaviour.

Components

1. Positive verbal 4. Negative non verbal

2. Positive nonverbal 5. Wrong use of reinforcement
3. Negative verbal 6. Inappropriate of reinforcement

C. Skill of Explaining

Explaining can be defined as an activity to bring about a concept, principle, etc. It is an

activity to fill up a gap in someone’s understanding. The skill of explaining aims at making sure
that the explanation is understood. All teachers should strive to perfect the skill of explaining
accurately and effectively.

Components

a. Desirable behaviuor
1. Beginning statement
2. Explaining
Clarity
Fluency
Planned repetition
3. Concluding statement
4. Question to test students understanding
b. Undesirable behavior
1. Irrelevant statement
2. Lacking in continuity
3. Inappropriate vocabulary
4. Lacking in fluency
5. Vague words and phrases

D. Skill of Probing Questions

Probing is used when the students reply is correct but insufficient, because it lacks depth.
Asking a number of questions about the response given to the first question. Such techniques

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that deal with pupil responses to your question are included in the skill of probing questioning.

The five components of the skill of probing questioning are

1. Prompting Technique
Prompting is a technique of probing or going deep into the pupil’s initial response and
leading him from no response to the expected response. This involves the teacher to
give clues or hints to the pupil and ask leading questions.
2. Seeking Further Information
It consists of asking the pupil to supply the additional information to bring initial response
to the criterion level or the expected level.
3. Refocussing
This technique consists of enabling the pupil to view his response in relation to other
similar situations. It requires the pupil to relate a completely acceptable answer to other
topics already studied by him.
4. Re-direction technique
Redirection technique involves putting or directing the same question to several pupils
for response. This is mostly used for the purpose of probing and for increasing pupil
participation.
5. Increasing critical awareness technique
This technique mainly involves asking “how” and “why” of a completely correct or
expected response. It is used to elicit a rationale for the answer

Try this out

10. Teaching skills have ___________ basic components.

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
11. One of the component of skill of probing questions

a. explaining c. beginning statement

b. concluding statement d. refocussing
12. It involves putting or directing the same question to several students for response.

a. Increasing critical awareness technique c. Re direction technique

b. Refocussing d. Seeking further Information

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 13. It requires the student to relate a completely acceptable answer to other topics already
studied by him.

a. Increasing critical awareness technique c. Re direction technique

b. Refocussing d. Seeking further Information
14. This technique mainly involves asking “how” and “why” of a completely correct or
expected response.

a. Increasing critical awareness technique c. Re direction technique

b. Refocussing d. Seeking further Information
15. It consist of asking the students to supply the additional information to bring initial
response to the criterion level or the expected level.

a. Increasing critical awareness technique c. Re direction technique

b. Refocussing d. Seeking further Information

That’s very good job!

Congratulations!

You deserve points for that. You may

now proceed to the next lesson

E. Skill of using Black Board

The black board or chalkboard is the visual aid most widely used by teachers for class
room interaction. It is one of the quickest and easiest means of illustrating an important point.
No doubt teaching can be made effective by skilful use of blackboard. Matter once written on
the blackboard can be erased easily and new materials added as the lesson progress.

The components of the skill of use of black board are:

 Legibility (L)
 Size and alignment (SA)
 High lighting main points (HMP)
 Utilization of the space (US)

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  Correctness (C)
 Position of the teacher (PT)
 Eye contact with students (ECP) and
 Cleaning of black board (CB)

F. Skill of Demonstration

Demonstration is an activity or process of teaching involving the showing of specimens

or experiments or devices to explain and describe the concerned concept, idea, teaching point
etc., in the teaching – learning process. That process makes the subject matter concrete with
real life situation. The demonstration in teaching makes learning simpler and meaningful to the
learner.

The components of demonstration skill are:

 Appropriate topic, concepts, ideas, and teaching points
 Sequence order of presentation
 Adequacy of manipulative skill
 Creation of appropriate situation
 Generalization
Appropriate topic, concepts, ideas, and teaching points
The demonstration should be appropriate to the topic, concept, idea and teaching point. The
appropriate specimens, experiments, or devices should be related to the topic, concept and
teaching point in the demonstration to make teaching effective.

Sequence order of presentation

The presentation material such as specimens or experiments or devices should be arranged in

sequence order and presented in a systematic way. The sequential procedure in presentation of
material indicates better preparation of the teaching learning activity.

Adequacy of manipulative skill

In the demonstration of experimentation, the instruments or equipment should be repeatedly

displayed in the teaching – learning process. Adequate manipulative or manual skills would

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certainly result in creating interest in the minds of the learners.

Creation of Appropriate Situation

In the demonstration process appropriate physical situation with proper aids, instruments,
diagrams, gestures, movements etc. should convey the idea appropriately. The demonstration
arouses the curiosity of the learner.

Generalization

Whenever the demonstration comes to an end, the teacher should conclude the theory and
frame a rule or a principle. The teacher performs the demonstration to consolidate the learned
points with the help of the learners

G. Need for link lesson in Micro Teaching

In microteaching technique, teaching skills are practiced one by one separately. At a

time, only one skill can be practiced. While practicing one skill, the use of that particular skill is
maximized and other related skills may also be exhibited taking indirect role. Skills practiced in
isolation have no meaning unless they are integrated in teaching.

Hence after attaining mastery in various skills, opportunity should be given to the teacher
trainees to teach in real situations integrating the skills mastered already. So a separate training
programmed is necessary for this purpose. This programmed is called Link practice.

Link practice is a bridge between microteaching and full-class teaching where

microteaching skills are effectively integrated and transferred.

There is a big contrast between microteaching and full class teaching. In microteaching,
there is a scaled down process in terms of class room size, skills, scope of the lesson, time etc.
Micro teaching is practiced under stimulated conditions. In macro teaching in addition to the
existence of macro elements, there are also class room management problems. In link practice,
the trainees are given chance of teaching real pupils.

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There are many methods for link practice. One of the methods is that after practicing three sub
skills separately, the trainee may combine all the three sub skills in a lesson of 10 minutes. The
trainee then practices another three sub skills separately and links them. The trainee then
combines all the six sub skills in a single lesson of 15 minutes. And so on till the entire sub skills
are combined in a macro lesson of 40 minutes and teaching a full class.

Link practice sessions are arranged with about 20 pupils for about the normal class period i.e.
20 minutes. The trainee prepares a series of eight short lessons on single unit and teaches
each lesson for 20 minutes using appropriate skills particular to the content. The number of
lessons used in link practice is flexible but selected topic should be adequately covered. The
teaching skills namely ‘Set Induction’ and Closure cannot be practiced in microteaching session
in isolation. So, in link practice, the trainees include these skills also. At the end of each lesson,
the trainee should get feedback about the lessons.

Try this out

16. The process that makes the subject matter concrete with real life situation

a. demonstration c. explaining c. lecturing d. questioning

17. ___________ is the visual aid most widely used by teachers for class room interaction.

a. blackboard b. video clips c. audio visual d. chart

18. The demonstration should be _____________ to the topic, concept, idea and teaching
point.

a. clear b. appropriate c. bias d. intergrate

That’s very good job!

Congratulations!

You deserve points for that. You may

now proceed to the next lesson

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 Lesson 7
Macro Planning

The following are macro planning

Knowing about the profession: The teacher should get to know which content area and study
skills should be taught or practiced in the course, what materials and teaching aids are
available, and what methods and techniques can be used.

Knowing about the institution: The teacher should get to know the institution’s arrangements
regarding time, length, frequency of lessons, physical conditions of classrooms, and exam
requirements.

Knowing about the learners: The teacher should acquire information about the students’ age
range, sex ratio, social background, motivation, attitudes, interests, learning needs and other
individual factors.

a. Unit Plan
A unit plan is developed by the teacher and serves as a long-range plan. It contains multiple
lessons that are related. Unit planning begins with identifying the particular content to be taught
and your goals for learning outcomes.

b. Principles for Good Lesson Planning

Aim: the realistic goals for the lesson

Variety: various activities and materials to ensure high motivation and interest
Flexibility: more teaching methods and techniques and do not just read your teaching plan
Learn ability: the planned contents and tasks should be within the learning capability of the
students. Doing things that are beyond or below the students’ coping ability will diminish their
motivation (Schumann, 1999). It should be slightly higher than the present proficiency of the
students.
Linkage: the teaching steps should be linked with each other. That is, there should be
coherence.

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 Lesson 8

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan” usually refers to a single lesson, designed for one class period. However, it
can also refer to a sequence of such plans designed for a unit of study. (Such a sequence may
be called a unit plan). Lesson plan is a teaching outline of the important point of a lesson
arranged in order in which they are to be presented; It may include objectives, points to be
made, questions to be asked, reference to materials, assignments etc.

An ideal lesson plan must have the following essential elements;

• Knowledge of Student’s entering behaviour-. The teaching method will be advantageous only
when the nature of the pupils is known along with knowledge of the subject matter.

• Knowledge of the Subject. The teacher should know his subject well. If he has no clarity about
his subject he will fail to clarify various facts and events of the lesson. He should read the
whole lesson plan which he has prepared. He should not read the text-book only, but also
read other supplementary books and the available material concerning the topic.

• General Knowledge of other related Subjects: The pupil teacher should possess general
knowledge of all the subjects, because the knowledge is a complete unit and it cannot be
divided into different water tight compartments.

• Clarity of Objectives: There should be clarity of objectives to make the both pupils and the
teachers active to achieve them.

• Division in Units: While preparing the lesson plan, the teacher should divide the topic in units.
This simplifies the preparation of the lesson plan. it is acquired easily by both the pupils
and the teachers.

• Flexibility: The lesson plan is a slave not the master of the teacher. Hence, the teacher is free to
make changes in the lesson plan in order to create attraction and interest in the lesson.

• Knowledge of the Principles and Strategies of Teaching: The teacher must know the principles
of teaching, maxims of teaching, teaching methods and techniques so that he may use the
teaching methods and techniques in the lesson plan.

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• Time duration Sense: The teacher should have time sense. He should clearly know how much
time he will take to present the lesson before the pupils and how many activities can be
performed in the prescribed durations.

• Clarity about Previous Knowledge: While preparing the lesson plan, the teacher should know
the previous knowledge of the pupils because the new knowledge imparted on the basis of
previous knowledge is easily stabilized.

• Knowledge of Class Level: The teacher should know the class-level for which level of the
students to prepare the lesson plan.

• Use of Instructional material: While preparing the lesson plan the teacher should decide at what
step the material aid is to be used and what is to be clarified with that aid. This maintains
the neutrality and interesting feature of the lesson plan.

Try this out

19. A lesson plan usually refers to a

a. unit b. syllabus c. lesson d. subject

20. A ____________ is developed by the teacher and serves as a long – range plan.

a. lesson plan b. multiple plan c. unit plan d. none of the above

Conclusion

Micro-teaching is to help a student to improve his own teaching. It is concerned with

development and modification of discrete classroom teaching skills. Micro-teaching involves
study of a specific teaching skill or to start with. The teacher-trainee may be introduced to the
skill through a modelling i.e. the mode of introducing the skill to the student.

Format of Lesson Plan

1. Program 5. Lesson Title

2. Course 6. Entering Behaviour
3. Lesson Number 7. Specific Instructional Objectives
4. Date & Time

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 Let’s Summarize

In this lesson we have seen the concept of microteaching in training teacher trainees.
We also discussed the teaching skills that has to be learnt and practiced by a teacher in the
class. We also learnt how to plan a lesson, the components of a lesson plan and unit plan for
use in daily classrooms.

Additional Readings and References

1. Allen, DW, Ryan KA. Microteaching. Massachusetts: Addision-Wesley Publishing
Company; 1969.
2. Brown G. Microteaching - a programme of teaching skills. Philadelphia: Harper & Row
Publishers Inc; 1975.
3. Brusling C. Microteaching: a concept in development. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell;
1974.
4. Döring, KW. Lehren in der Weiterbildung. Weinheim; 1988.
5. Gregory TB. Encounters with teaching; a microteaching manual. Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1972.
6. Hargie O, Maidment P. Microteaching in perspective. Dundonald: Blackstaff Press;
Newtownabbey: Ulster Polytechnic; 1979.
7. McGarvey G, Swallow D. Microteaching in teacher education and training. London:
Croom Helm; 1986.
8. McIntyre D, MacLeod G, Griffiths R, editors. Investigations of microteaching. London:
Croom Helm; 1977.
9. Perrott E. Changes in teaching behaviour after participating in a self-instructional
microteaching course. Educational Medica International 1976;1:16-25.
10. Perrott E. Microteaching in higher education : research, development, and practice.
Guildford (Eng.): Society for Research into Higher Education at the University of Surrey;
1977.
11. Turney C, Clift JC, Dunkin MJ, Traill RD. Microteaching: Research, theory and practice.
Sydney: University of Sydney. Wagner, AC; 1973.
12. http://amirthamkngce.blogspot.in/2012/12/v-behaviorurldefaultvmlo.html
13. http://www.bhmed-emanual.org/book/export/html/36
14. http://www.educarepk.com/micro-teaching-cycle.html
15. http://chs.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/chs/chs/Microteaching%20-%20 (PACE).pdf
16. http://nitttrc.ac.in/Four%20quadrant/iop/Quadrant%20-%203/FAQ_PDF.pdf
17. http://www.crlt.umich.edu/gsis/p2_5

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 What have you learned?

1. Define micro teaching. Write a note on microteaching cycle.

2. Write a brief note on teaching skills
3. Prepare a lesson plan in your subject using the format given.

JOB WELL DONE!

CONGRATULATIONS

FOR COMPLETING THIS MODULE

Reflections:

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