Sanhita

Info

Aerobic and anaerobic composting

Feed for livestock - farmers are forbidden by law to feed uncooked meat to livestock
because it may cause diseases that may spread to humans.

About 5.5% of recycling is rejected due to contamination with food or, in the case of paper,
water (contractors won’t store wet paper as it’s a fire hazard)

(​level 2 sorting necessary somewhere​)

Not all food waste is created equal. You should know this or else you may have problems popping up in your compost

bin or pile. BIG PROBLEMS! Actually, once you look at the chart below, commonsense will be your guide.

DO COMPOST DON'T COMPOST

● All your vegetable and ● Meat or meat waste, such as

bones, fat, gristle, skin, etc.
fruit wastes, (including
● Fish or fish waste
rinds and cores) even if ● Dairy products, such as
cheese, butter, cottage
they are moldy and ugly
cheese, yogurt, cream cheese,
● Old bread, donuts, sour cream, etc.
● Grease and oils of any kind
cookies, crackers, pizza
Why can't you compost
crust, noodles: anything
these food wastes?
made out of flour!
● They inbalance the otherwise
● Grains (cooked or nutrient-rich structure of other
food and vegetation waste and
uncooked): rice, barley,
breakdown slowly
you name it ● They attract rodents and other
scavenging animals
● Coffee grounds, tea
● Meat attracts maggots
bags, filters ● Your compost bin will smell to
holy hell and back!
● Fruit or vegetable pulp

from juicing

● Old spices

● Outdated boxed foods

from the pantry

● Egg shells (crush well)

● Corn cobs and husks

(cobs breakdown very

slowly)
How to Store Compostable Food Scraps

● Scraps can be stored in plastic bags in your refrigerator until used in your compost bin

● Scraps can take up less space if you chop or shred them first during meal preparation

● Scraps can be stored in a Kitchen Compost Pail until taken to your compost bin

DO COMPOST DON'T COMPOST

Grass Clippings Weeds & Grasses:

Excellent GREEN source. During Invasive Kinds
spring and summer this can "Gone to Seed"
amount to almost 50% of your Pernicious weeds/grasses such as morningglory,
materials. Turn the compost often buttercups, bermuda grass, quackgrass, crabgrass,
in the first 2 weeks. You may also oxalis, etc. will love a mellow compost pile. Same goes
desire to dry out the clippings for for weeds that have flowered and have seeds. The
a few days before adding them to compost pile would have to be heated above
the bin. 150°F/65°C to kill the roots and seeds. Best to forget
Never bag grass clippings. composting any of these!
See ​Grass Clippings

Leaves Branches & Wood Chunks

A superior BROWN source, Such material is best chipped up for paths or mulch.

abundant leaves in the fall are Even if shredded, they have a very high carbon

worthy of stockpiling and added content for a compost bin.

to the pile over many months to

come. Whole leaves (maples)

break down more slowly.

Shredded leaves are best for

fastest decomposition into

incredible leaf mulch.

See ​Weeds, Leaves & Garden

Debris

Weeds & Garden Debris Large Amounts of Soggy Materials

A good GREEN source, weeds, Sloshy, matted, soggy, water-logged (you name it!),

plant trimmings, dead flowers, these materials (such as garden debris, fruit wastes,

stalks, etc. are excellent etc.) will turn your bin into a swamp. Best to let them

materials. When placed in bin, air out and dry out, then you can put them in the bin.

take a shovel and slice or chop

them up into smaller sizes for

faster decomposing.

See ​Weeds, Leaves & Garden

Debris

Dead Plants Wood ashes, Lime, BBQ Charcoal

A good GREEN source, dead Some people use wood ashes or add lime to their

houseplants, vegetable plants, compost bin. We don't recommend this because they

annuals, vines, etc. are excellent. are too alkaline and would raise your pile's ideal pH

If any are diseased or ridden with level of 6.8-7.0. Many plants (blueberries, strawberries,

pests, keep out of bin unless you azaleas, natives, etc.) wouldn't like the results either.

can guarantee hot compost above Never compost BBQ ashes or coal: the sulfur dioxides

150°F/65°C. and other chemicals will give the little worms and

plants in your garden bad stomach aches.

Food Scraps Meat, Grease, Bones, Skin

A good GREEN source. Smaller Never put these in your bin unless you are determined

pieces decompose fast, so chop to attract rodents, scavengers, maggots, flies, terrible

up in kitchen or with a shovel in odors, bill collectors or even a snooping health

bin. Don't put large quantities in department official.

bin at one time without balancing

with BROWN materials. Always

keep covered with BROWN

material at top of bin.

See ​Food Scraps

Fruit Wastes Dairy Products & Fatty Foods

A good GREEN source. Chop up Like meat and grease, these fatty foods wreck havoc

rinds and peels into small pieces on the array of microorganisms, bugs, worms, etc. in

for faster break down. Never leave your compost pile. They also attract rodents and

exposed at top of pile; cover with scavengers.

a layer of BROWN material.

See ​Food Scraps

Manure Solid wastes: Cat, Dog or Human

A good GREEN source. Acts as These may carry disease pathogens that cannot be

an activator to heat up the pile. fully guaranteed to be eliminated during the

Some fresh manure (chicken) can composting process. There are some advocates for

be too hot for a pile. For detailed

instructions, see ​Compost composting human waste (called "humanure"), but the

Activators process demands very careful and hot composting.

Straw & Hay Plastic, Metal, Glass

A good BROWN source. Best to Sorry, these simply will not decompose in your

chop or shred it for faster compost pile. Check back in a few hundred years to

decomposition, otherwise the see what state they are in at your local landfill!

particles break down slowly in

colder piles.

Coffee Grounds & Tea Bags Contaminated Matter

A good GREEN source. The Any organic material heavily laden with pesticides,

compost bin is the best place for herbicides, poisons, etc. should not be composted.

these common items. The Researchers have yet to agree if a very hot pile can

microbes love a java fix! break down the inert ingredients successfully and

fully.

Hair, dryer lint Heavy Cardboard

A neutral source. It just makes Eventually such material will break down, but over a

sense to compost these since few years time! Some people use cardboard as a

they are considered to be organic mulch for paths or to snuff out weeds in the garden.

material! The weather will ultimately age it for decomposition

Newspaper & corrugated Your Old Fasioned Commonsense!

cardboard Your most valuable asset is your commonsense and

A neutral source. There is no intuition. If you have doubts about something, don't

nutrient content in such items compost it until you do a little research and get

that will increase the richness of answers from several sources that generally agree.

your compost. However, the

microbes or worms like them.

Always shred and soak them first

and layer in bin.

Waste management companies: (understand models)

Encore - Stephen Walsh

Wageon - farming cooperative
UK county councils
LoveFoodHateWaste
Recycle for surrey
unilever food solutions

Links

advantages:
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/recycling-fruits-vegetable-can-environment-79348.html

courses:
https://pace.oregonstate.edu/catalog/recycling-101-certificate?gclid=CIvfsMSj78cCFYEnjgod
dBgH6Q

case studies:
http://www.reap-canada.com/online_library/Magazine%20Articles/Soils/1%20Vegetable%20
waste.pdf
http://www.sumitomocorp.co.jp/english/business/article/id=222
http://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.cfm?number=C988
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/oct/27/how-councils-are-using-clever-and-inn
ovative-ideas-to-increase-recycling-rates
http://www.ucd.ie/innovation/newsevents/news/2014/july/obeolaunchesnewfoodwasterecycli
ngproduct/
http://www.recycleforsurrey.org.uk/love-food-surrey
https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&v
ed=0CB4QFjAAahUKEwiAg-HpxvPHAhXSkY4KHcY2BBE&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.trans
parentchennai.com%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fdownload-monitor%2Fdownload.php%3F
id%3D236&usg=AFQjCNFDXZYBqgFnjPmn8klwIEi6HQxasg&sig2=tPisQ4N_p7jCI7W4gvzx
nw

articles:
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/foodscraps.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/whattocompost.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/compoststages.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/compoststages.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/carbonnitrogenratio.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/compostactivator.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/turningcompost.html
http://www.homecompostingmadeeasy.com/compostsystems.html
http://www.recyclingdestruction.co.uk/food-waste-management-c31.html
http://yourenergysavings.gov.au/waste/reducing-recycling/kitchen-food-waste/minimise-food-
waste
http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/reducewaste/home/
http://www.epsom-ewell.gov.uk/EEBC/Rubbish_x2c_+Waste+and+Recycling/Food+waste+r
ecycling.htm

articles - specific to restaurants:

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/What-do-restaurants-do-with-leftover-food/artic
leshow/39288253.cms
http://www.whatshot.in/delhi-ncr/dont-waste-donate-c-628
http://www.greenhotelier.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Know-How-Guide-on-Managing-a
nd-Reducing-Food-Waste.pdf
http://www.greenhotelier.org/know-how-guides/reducing-and-managing-food-waste-in-hotels/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGTPKKOVoz4
http://www.foodwastenetwork.org.uk/recycle-my-food.html
http://www.wrap.org.uk/category/sector/hospitality-and-food-service
https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.co.uk/menu-support/food-waste-reduction.html
http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/WRAP%20-%20Strattons%20case%20study%20-%2
0FINAL.pdf
http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/dubai-dine-weight-article-1.1213052
http://www.greenhotelier.org/our-themes/waste/increasing-employee-engagement-in-recyclin
g/
http://www.greenhotelier.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Know-How-Guide-on-Managing-a
nd-Reducing-Food-Waste.pdf

data:
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/env18-local-authority-collected-waste-an
nual-results-tables
http://www.eai.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/recycling_service_providers.pdf

Could do:

- Waste audits

Verticals:
- Composting
- Supply of Feed for farm livestock
- Fertilizer production
- Food Banks
- Biogas production for electricity generation
- Piggeries

All possible constituents of household organic waste:

- Vegetable and fruit waste
- Meal leftovers - rice, roti
- Tea and Coffee residue
- Stale breads, Grains, Refrigerator spoilage

Others:

http://www.tidyplanet.co.uk/our-products/

Recyclers:

Biogas:
http://www.vnsenviro.com/pg-biogas-fw.html
http://dir.indiamart.com/chennai/biogas-plant.html
http://bioenggsolutions.com/biogas.htm
http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=PUSH-FOR-POWER
-Hotel-waste-to-feed-biogas-26052014002023
http://kaveishbioenergy.com/services.html
http://www.eai.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/biogas_service_providers.pdf
nurseries:
http://www.justdial.com/Chennai/Plant-Nurseries/ct-410989
http://www.greenmesg.org/nature/plant_nurseries/chennai/chennai_velachery_plant_nurseri
es.php
http://yellowpages.sulekha.com/plant-nursery-garden-services_chennai

Do not use Papers, Plastics, Glasses, Sand, Stones, Chemicals and Metal particles,
Bones, Dry leaves, Stems & Sticks, Pseudo stem (Banana stem), Egg shells, Fibres (like
Drumstick skin, climbers, etc.,), Acidic materials (like Tamarind, Lemon Peels, Orange
Peels, etc.,) , Soaps & Detergents.