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    Classification of Triangulation System: First Order or Primary Triangulation

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    Varun Ks
    The document classifies triangulation systems into three orders based on their accuracy: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary triangulation is the highest order and most precise, employing stringent measurement techniques over vast areas to determine a country's geometry or provide control points. Secondary triangulation uses intermediate precision over smaller areas within the primary framework. Tertiary triangulation is the lowest order, taking place within secondary triangulation to provide local survey control with moderate instrumentation over small triangles.

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    Classification of Triangulation System: First Order or Primary Triangulation

    Uploaded by

    Varun Ks
    33 views2 pages
    The document classifies triangulation systems into three orders based on their accuracy: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary triangulation is the highest order and most precise, employing stringent measurement techniques over vast areas to determine a country's geometry or provide control points. Secondary triangulation uses intermediate precision over smaller areas within the primary framework. Tertiary triangulation is the lowest order, taking place within secondary triangulation to provide local survey control with moderate instrumentation over small triangles.

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    Classification of triangle survey

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    Classification_of_Triangulation_System

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    The document classifies triangulation systems into three orders based on their accuracy: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary triangulation is the highest order and most precise, employing stringent measurement techniques over vast areas to determine a country's geometry or provide control points. Secondary triangulation uses intermediate precision over smaller areas within the primary framework. Tertiary triangulation is the lowest order, taking place within secondary triangulation to provide local survey control with moderate instrumentation over small triangles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views2 pages

    Classification of Triangulation System: First Order or Primary Triangulation

    Uploaded by

    Varun Ks
    The document classifies triangulation systems into three orders based on their accuracy: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary triangulation is the highest order and most precise, employing stringent measurement techniques over vast areas to determine a country's geometry or provide control points. Secondary triangulation uses intermediate precision over smaller areas within the primary framework. Tertiary triangulation is the lowest order, taking place within secondary triangulation to provide local survey control with moderate instrumentation over small triangles.

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    CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGULATION SYSTEM

    The basis of the classification of triangulation figures is the accuracy with


    which the length and azimuth of a line of the triangulation are determined.
    Triangulation systems of different accuracies depend on the extent and the purpose
    of the survey. The accepted grades of triangulation are:

    1. First order or Primary Triangulation


    2. Second order or Secondary Triangulation
    3. Third order or Tertiary Triangulation
    First Order or Primary Triangulation:
    The first order triangulation is of the highest order and is employed either to
    determine the earth’s figure or to furnish the most precise control points to which
    secondary triangulation may be connected. The primary triangulation system
    embraces the vast area (usually the whole of the country). Every precaution is taken
    in making linear and angular measurements and in performing the reductions. The
    following are the general specifications of the primary triangulation:
    1. Average triangle closure : Less than 1 second
    2. Maximum triangle closure : Not more than 3 seconds
    3. Length of base line : 5 to 15 kilometers
    4. Length of the sides of triangles : 30 to 150 kilometers
    5. Actual error of base : 1 in 300,000
    6. Probable error of base : 1 in 1,000,000
    7. Discrepancy between two
    measures of a section : 10 mm kilometers
    8. Probable error or computed distance : 1 in 60,000 to 1 in 250,000
    9. Probable error in astronomic azimuth : 0.5 seconds
    Secondary Order or Secondary Triangulation
    The secondary triangulation consists of a number of points fixed within the
    framework of primary triangulation. The stations are fixed at close intervals so that
    the sizes of the triangles formed are smaller than the primary triangulation. The
    instruments and methods used are not of the same utmost refinement. The general
    specifications of the secondary triangulation are:

    1. Average triangle closure : 3 sec


    2. Maximum triangle closure : 8 sec
    3. Length of base line : 1.5 to 5 km
    4. Length of sides of triangles : 8 to 65 km
    5. Actual error of base : 1 in 150,000
    6. Probable error of base : 1 in 500,000
    7. Discrepancy between two
    measures of a section : 20 mm kilometers
    8. Probable error or computed distance : 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 50,000
    9. Probable error in astronomic azimuth : 2.0 sec
    Third Order or Tertiary Triangulation:
    The third-order triangulation consists of a number of points fixed within the
    framework of secondary triangulation, and forms the immediate control for detailed
    engineering and other surveys. The sizes of the triangles are small and instrument
    with moderate precision may be used. The specifications for a third-order
    triangulation are as follows:
    1. Average triangle closure : 6 sec
    2. Maximum triangle closure : 12 sec
    3. Length of base line : 0.5 to 3 km
    4. Length of sides of triangles : 1.5 to 10 km
    5. Actual error of base : 1 in 75, 0000
    6. Probable error of base : 1 in 250,000
    7. Discrepancy between two
    Measures of a section : 25 mm kilometers
    8. Probable error or computed distance : 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 20,000
    9. Probable error in astronomic Azimuth : 5 sec.

    Source : http://www.nprcet.org/e%20content/Misc/e-Learning/CIVIL/IV%20SEMESTER/
    CE2254%20-%20SURVEYING%20II.pdf

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