UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

TUGUEGARAO CITY

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

First Semester S.Y. 2020-2021

ACTIVITY #01

Name of Student: Saplan, John Senon L. Year & Section: BSMT 3D-NON
Subject: Protection of the Marine Environment Teacher: Capt. Percival Calagui

The Importance of Shipping Industry to World Economy

Why shipping plays an important role to every one of us? Do you have any idea about
shipping why is so important. However, buying stuff and other products here in Philippines
that is not made to our country rather than other countries where the product is made of.
Wondering why how it’s came to us and yet few people realize the important of shipping.

There is a lot importance of shipping industry for the world economic development
especially to global economy. Everybody in the world benefits from shipping because no
country is entirely self-sufficient and every country relies on maritime trade to sell what it has
and buy what it needs. Foremost, shipping is a truly global industry because of the different
flag states trading internationally. It is comply with the different international regulations that
govern safety and marine pollution to avoid unnecessary incident or accident at sea. Shipping
is the life blood of global trade and the global economy. Most shipping operations between
the countries of the world are carried out by large vessels including container ships, oil
tankers, bulk carriers, passenger ship, and others ships. In shipping we ship food, technology,
medicines, raw materials and memories. International shipping is responsible for the transfer
of 90% of the total volume of global trade is rightly the way of the global economy. Thus, it
has a wide variety of merchants’ ships trading internationally transport a massive volume and
tones of different goods to supply all the needs of the country. Similarly ships use as relaxing
place of other people to avoid stresses for a moment and increases tourism. In addition it
provides work for over one million seafarers who are working on board. And as the world’s
population continues to grow shipping can provide low-cost and efficient maritime transport
particularly in developing country has to play a vital role in growth and sustainable
development and even a most progressive country in near the future.
As a result shipping is matters to us and valuable in our life because we depend on
shipping. Therefore, it thanks to this global fleet and global workforce of over one million
seafarers that the import and export of goods to sustain our needs and wants in this modern
life. And great salute to our hidden heroes, SEAFARER’S!
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
TUGUEGARAO CITY

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

First Semester S.Y. 2020-2021

ACTIVITY #02

Name of Student: Saplan, John Senon L. Year & Section: BSMT 3D-NON
Subject: Protection of the Marine Environment Teacher: Capt. Percival Calagui

The Important Role of Sea Transport in the International Trade

Why international trade used sea transport? And why sea transport plays a
significant role in international trade? Besides during sea transport we will
encounter different perilous state of the sea and the sky that may be we will
encountered. Despite the invention of new modes of transportation that is more
advanced maritime transport has not lost its importance.
Maritime transport is amongst the most important modes of transport and
shipping used worldwide. It has been around for centuries helping humans to
meet their traveling and business requirements. However, the international trade
used of sea transport because of more efficient and risk-free with the
introduction of modern ships. However, the role of sea transport in international
trade has different aspects. Sea transport is its eco-friendly nature. The increase
in the fuel efficiency of ships in the future will make maritime transport lesser
harmful to the environment. Trading can reduce the overall cost of the business
as it is the cheaper medium. As estimated, around 90% of shipping in the world
is carried through the sea. With time, improvements have been made in sea
transport. Also it generates a lot of employment opportunities if used effectively
by the government and a great source for the eradication of unemployment . The
countries that utilize the maritime tourism not only generate revenue but also
present their positive image globally. It helps build good international relations
with our neighbouring countries to get access to maritime routes. This way, both
the countries get something positive out of the deal and goodwill is created
between the two countries. And to our economic influence it will bring a good
investment to become a more progressive country. This will help every one of us
to lift our state of our lives.
Sea transport is very important for any country in different aspects. Focusing on it can
bring a lot of benefits for a country. Therefore we must support and cooperate what is good or
right for the international trade that could our country economic progress.

UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

 TUGUEGARAO CITY

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

First Semester S.Y. 2020-2021

ACTIVITY #03

Name of Student: Saplan, John Senon L. Year & Section: BSMT 3D-NON
Subject: Protection of the Marine Environment Teacher: Capt. Percival Calagui

The Environment Impact of Shipping Operations to the

Environment In Case Of Marine Pollution
Why International Maritime Organization (IMO) is very strict about shipping
operation? And is it necessary we care so much about the creatures that live in the ocean?
Does it matter if a species disappear? What does means to us? As our world continuously
developing people invented different technologies and machineries to run the ship effectively
and efficiently. Apparently, we don’t know what could be the risk or impact of ships during
operation.
Shipping is there had been to us to make our life better and easier at work using
technology. Nevertheless, marine operation still generates negative impacts on the marine
environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) uses various instruments to
protect the marine environment from shipping activities because it is a source of food and
oxygen. They implemented strict rules and regulations because of what could be the risk or
impact of using ships during operation. First we take a look at the general environmental
impact of ship first includes air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution.
Air pollution causes by ship gas emission that contains sulphur oxides leads to greenhouse
effect or global warming. Then, water pollution includes the oil and chemical spills, untreated
sewage, and antifouling paints that is harmful to marine species and to the health of human
being. Next, land pollution comes from the littering, waste on board, and toxins making the
land contaminated or polluted. The physical impact of a ship during operation includes
erosion, wildlife collisions and loss of habitat. Lastly, noise pollution can travel thousands of
kilometres at sea that affects marine species to their reproduction, avoiding hazards like
predators, connecting with mates, groups or their young and abandon valuable habitats. These
impacts have a great effect to environment and to human being due to insufficient of
knowledge and disciplined. However, IMO doing their best towards implementing different
strict rules and regulations that other nation must follow.
To conclude, based on the different impacts may lead to additional systematic study to
minimize pollution and create more eco-friendly ships to conserve and protect our planet.
This will help now and someday that maritime transport is the most effective and safest way
of internationally trade.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
TUGUEGARAO CITY

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

First Semester S.Y. 2020-2021

ACTIVITY #04

Name of Student: Saplan, John Senon L. Year & Section: BSMT 3D-NON
Subject: Protection of the Marine Environment Teacher: Capt. Percival Calagui

The Requirements and Measures to Ensure Safety of Life at Sea,

Security and Protection of Marine Environment
Shipping is the safest and most environmentally form of commercial transport
compared with land based industry its comparatively minor contributor to marine pollution
from human activities. Perhaps uniquely amongst industries involving physical risk,
commitment to safety, security and protection of the marine environment has a wide spread
virtually all deep sea shipping operations. Shipping was amongst the industries to adopt
widely implemented international safety standards and requirements.

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 MARPOL
73/78 describes the requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at sea, security and
protection of marine environment for all merchant ship of any flag state to comply with the
minimum safety norms.

SOLAS chapters are as follows:

Chapter 1, general Provisions, Surveys and certification of all the safety items,
structure, machinery etc. are included. All the SOLAS chapters cover a general basic
minimum criterion which applies to seagoing ships, regardless of their location and
nationality.

Chapter II-1, construction, subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical

installations deals with watertight integrity of the ship, including the passenger’s vessel and
comprises of 7 parts, explaining the requirement for structural, machinery, electrical, stability
and other criteria for a safe ship.

Chapter II-2, fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction elaborates the means
and measure for fire protection in accommodation, cargo spaces and engine room for the
passenger, cargo and tanker ship.

Chapter III, life-saving appliances and arrangements all of these use in different
situations according to the ship type is described in this chapter.
 Chapter IV, radio communications includes requirements of different radio
communication equipment used on board ships such as GMDSS, SART, EPIRB and etc. for
cargo and passenger vessel divided into three parts.

Chapter V, safety of navigation consists of total thirty-five regulations dealing with all
the seagoing vessels of all sizes, from boats to VLCCs, and includes passage planning,
navigation, distress signal etc.

Chapter VI, carriage of Cargoes and Oil Fuel: This chapter defines storage and
securing of different types of cargo and containers, but does not include oil and gas cargo
divided into 3 parts.

Chapter VII, carriage of dangerous goods defines the International Maritime Goods
Code for storage and transportation of dangerous goods divided into four parts.

Chapter VIII, nuclear ships the code of safety for the nuclear-propelled ship is stated
in this chapter consists of 12 regulations explaining the application, exemptions, approvals,
and requirement (for reactor installations), Safety against radiation, safety assessment,
operating manual, surveys and certifications, Controlling authority and steps in case of any
causality due to radiation etc.

Chapter IX, management for the safe operation of ships for ship owner and the
operator is described clearly.

Chapter X, safety measures for high-speed craft explaining the safety requirements
and comprises of three regulations interpreting the definitions of different terminology which
are used in the chapter and “Application” of high-speed craft along with the requirements for
high-speed crafts.

Chapter XI, this chapter is divided into two sections. Section one, i.e. Chapter XI -1
deal with the Special measures to enhance maritime safety which includes Special and
Enhanced survey for safe operation. The second section is Chapter XI-2 list down the
regulations for special rules to improve maritime security.

Chapter XII, additional safety measures for bulk carriers includes safety requirement
for above 150 meters length bulk carrier. It consists of fourteen regulations.

Chapter XIII, verification of compliance was adopted on 22 May 2014 which requires
all the contracting party to undergo periodic audits by the approved organization following
the audit standard to verify compliance with and implementation of the present convention.

Chapter XIV, safety measures for ships operating in polar waters as the name suggest,
the SOLAS chapter fourteen deals with the ships that intend to operate within the Arctic and
Antarctic areas and need to carry Polar Ship Certificate.
 MARPOL 73/78, it regulates the shipping industry to follow minimum standards to
safeguard life at sea. MARPOL convention aimed at the prevention of pollution from ships
caused by operational or accidental causes. It was adopted at the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) in 1973. The Protocol of 1978 was adopted in response to a number of
tanker accidents in 1976–1977 consists of six annexes:

Annex I regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil (October 1983). This
regulation was adopted on 2nd October 1983 to control and prevent any oil discharge from
ship intentionally or accidentally.

Annex II, regulations for the control of pollution by Noxious Liquid Substance in bulk
was adopted on 6th of April 1987 which deals with the control and prevent pollution due to
the noxious liquid substance in bulk, intentionally or accidentally.

Annex III, regulation for prevention of pollution by harmful substance carried at sea
in packaged form (July 1992) deals with those substances which are hazardous in nature and
carried in packaged cargo. The identification of such material is provided in the IMDG Code.
The MARPOL Annex III came into force on 1 July 1992 and comprised of 2 Chapters
containing 11 regulations.

Annex IV, regulation for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships. Entered
into force on 27 September 2003, this Annex focuses on prevention of sewage pollution from
ships.

Annex V, regulation for the prevention of pollution by Garbage from ships (Dec
1998).This annexe deals with the garbage produced on board ships and ways to prevent
pollution from the same it was enforced on 31 December 1988.

Annex VI, regulation for prevention of Air pollution from ships (May 2005). This
MARPOL Annex deals explicitly with ways to prevent air pollutions from ships it came into
force on 19th May 2005.

Indeed SOLAS and MARPOL, which regulates the shipping industry to follow
minimum standards to safeguard life at sea. They are both important convention to protects
the safety of personnel and the marine environment against ship pollution. MARPOL and
SOLAS are considered to be two effective safety and environmental protection tools of IMO.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
TUGUEGARAO CITY

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

First Semester S.Y. 2020-2021

STUDENT REFLECTION

Name of Student: Saplan, John Senon L. Year & Section: BSMT 3D-NON
Subject: Protection of the Marine Environment Teacher: Capt. Percival Calagui

The Important Role of Human Element in Pollution

Prevention and Control
Environment protection has been burning issue in last half century. In fact, the role of
individuals in prevention of pollution is of critical importance because it is the individuals
that make a community or country. Effort by each individual can have a significant effect on
global level. It has been always said “charity begins at home”.

In order to prevent this pollution something must have to do. Urgent steps have to be
taken at not only global or country level, but also at local level. It is better and more viable to
prevent pollution by educating individuals than controlling pollution. Individuals should
encourage modifying their lifestyle and living habits if that are not healthy for environment.
The first thing to do is reduce, wherever you live the easiest and most direct way that you can
get started is by reducing your own use of plastics, toxic or harmful substance in everyday of
your life instead use eco-friendly bags and organic to prevent and control pollution in the
environment. Second is eliminate, from now on we must eliminate the use of plastics and
ships must obliged to the MARPOL Convention to prevent water pollution. Third is treating,
we must take good care the earth by planting more trees, proper waste disposal and at ship by
maintenance of the ship. Fourth is segregate, garbage management requires the proper
segregation of garbage on our home and especially on board ships. Therefore separate
labelled and colour coded bins for each garbage category should be provided of sufficient
capacity for operational requirements same also in our home that is properly segregated. The
segregation starts at the point where the garbage is deposited. Improper segregation will not
only constitute contravention MARPOL requirements but may also present a fire hazard. The
fifth is dispose, garbage’s must disposed properly on garbage bin to be collected by garbage
collector and thrown away from the sanitary landfill or recycle area to prevent and control
pollution at home and at sea.

Therefore pollution prevention and control is very important at home and especially
when you board a ship. Try to practice and do at home regularly able to follow the proper
waste management hierarchy not only being studied but it must apply. And a seafarer, they
are disciplined and well-organized.