Lesson Plan in Mathematics 8

Factoring Quadratic Trinomials

Prepared by: Arjune T. Gajeto
I. Objectives
At the end of the two sessions, learners must have:
 identified whether the given expression is a perfect square trinomial or not.
 factored completely quadratic trinomials using various method.
 solved problems involving factors of trinomials accurately.

II. Learning Content

A. Subject Matter: Factoring Trinomials
B. Mathematical Concept:
Trinomial – an expression with three terms
C. References:
Oronce, O.A., Mendoza, M.A. E-MATH 8 Revised Edition. Rex Bookstore
Rosette, H., Sonza, M., Math World 8. C and E Publishing Inc.
https://youtu.be/5QyeZ7KwFKg
D. Instructional Materials:
LCD projector, chalk, cut out papers and chalkboard
E. Value Focus: Accuracy and Perseverance
F. Strategies/Method:
Question and Answer Method
Giving examples
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
I. Daily Routine I. Daily Routine
Time Allotment: 5 minutes
1. Cleaning 1. Pick up pieces of papers, arrange the chairs, clean the
2. Prayer/Greeting board and your chairs.
3. Setting of Rules 2. Assign student to lead the prayer
R – respect each other 3. Students stay on their seats, no one will stand unless
U – use kind words and actions being asked.
L – listen to the teacher
E – enjoy, be engaged in every activity
S – solve problem and share
4. Checking of Attendance
A. Activity
Group 1
Let’s have an activity. Our activity is entitled Math Tiles.

The class will be grouped into 5 and will be given 2 sets

of tiles.

Instructions:
1. You have to assemble these tiles into rectangle or x 2+ 4 x +4 4 x2 −2 x−2
square and write the expression for every tile, based on the Group 2
example given.

x 2−2 x+1 3 x 2−10 x−8

2. In writing the expression of every tiles follow the
representations below: Group 3
 x2
means
means −x means + x
means +1 means −1
x 2+ 6 x+ 9 x 2−x−12
So, the answer on the given example is
Group 4
x 2+ 3 x −2 x−6 or x 2+ x−6.
3. Stick your work on the blackboard and arrange these on
the specific zone: zone for rectangles and zone for
squares.

4 x2 −4 x +1 x 2+ 2 x−8
Group 5

B. Review
How many terms do the expressions have? 4 x2 +12 x+ 9 x 2−5 x+ 6

What do you call to the expressions with three terms? Three.

Our topic for today is about factoring trinomials. Trinomial

C. Lesson Proper
There are different forms of trinomial and the most
popular is the perfect square trinomial which is the result
squaring a binomial.

Based on the figures on our activity, which expression are

considered as perfect square trinomial? Tell me the
answer of each group.
Group 1: x 2+ 4 x +4
Group 2: x 2−2 x+1
Group 3: x 2+ 6 x+ 9
How can you say that it is a perfect square trinomial?
Group 4: 4 x2 −4 x +1
Aside from the figures, observe carefully on the given Group 5:4 x2 +12 x+ 9
trinomials, what can you say about the characteristics of
every terms? I can say that those expressions are perfect square
trinomial because they form a square figure.
a. First Term?
b. Last Term?
c. Middle Term?

In symbol, we have: a 2 ± 2ab +b2 a. The first term is a perfect square.

b. The last term is also a perfect square.
c. The middle term is twice the square root of first term
Activity times the square root of the last term.
Complete the Missing Piece!
Instructions:
Complete each expression to form a perfect square
trinomial. Do it by group.
1. b 2+26 b +¿ ¿
2. 25 d 2 +¿ ¿
3. c 2−30 c + ¿ ¿
1. 169
4. 4 x2 −¿ y 2
2. 20 d
5. ¿¿ +6 a+9
3. 225
4. 44 xy
Now you can easily know that the given expression is a
perfect square trinomial. Let’s factor Perfect Square 5. a 2
Trinomials.

Recall!
Perfect Square Trinomial is a result of a Special Product,
Square of a Binomial. That are:
a. ( a+ b )2=a 2+ 2ab+ b2
b. ( a−b )2 =a2−2 ab+ b2

The factor of a Perfect Square Trinomial is a Square of a

Binomial.

Let’s start with x 2−2 x+1.

Let’s refer to the figure:

The factors are ( x−1)( x−1) or ( x−1 )2.

Now let’s try the other examples on the board. Call out the
name of students.

( 2 x−1 )2

Perfect Square
Factors ( 2 x+3 )2
Trinomial

x 2−2 x+1 ( x−1 )2

4 x2 −2 x +1 ( 2 x−1 )2

4 x2 +12 x+ 9 ( 2 x+3 )2

x 2+ 6 x+ 9 ( x +3 )2

x 2+ 4 x +4 ( x +2 )2
Observe carefully the table.
What can you say about the perfect square trinomial and
its factor?

( x +3 )2
How about the sign?

Now we are going to proceed on factoring other types of

trinomial. But before that let’s have an activity first.

Activity
Product and Sum
Instructions: I will present the questions and each group
will write on the illustration board their answer. Each ( x +2 )2
correct answer is equal to 1 point. The group who got the
higher points will win.

Questions:
1. What two numbers with the product of 3 and a sum of
4?
2. What two numbers with a sum of 13 and a product of The factor is a square of binomial with the first term of the
22? square root of the first term of PST and the second term is
3. What number should be paired with 3 so that there sum the square root of the third term of PST.
is -10 and there product is -39?
4. What is the middle term of the product of The sign of the binomial depends on the sign of the
( x +4 )( x−3)? middle term of PST.
5. What is the last term of x +4 ¿(x−3)?
6. What two numbers has the sum of -8 and a sum of -20?
7. What is the first term of (2 x+ 4)( x−6) ?
8. What is the last term of ( x−5)( x +9)?
9. What two numbers has the product of -12 and a sum of
4?
10. What is the middle term of (2 x−1)(x +3)?

Now let’s try to do factoring in the rectangles just like

what we have done in squares. Answers:
1. 1 and 3

2. 11 and 2
( x +4 )( x−2) 3. -13

4. −x

5. -12
6. -10 and 2

7. 2 x2
8. -45
9. 6 and -2

10. 5x
 ( x−2)(x−3)

It is easy to identify the factors, if it is in tiles form. But

how about if it’s in expression form? Any idea? (2 x+1)(2 x−2)
There are different techniques that can be used in
factoring trinomials. Listen carefully and take note of
every technique.
Let’s start with Box Method.
(Factor x 2+ 6 x+ 8)
Step 1: Write the first term x 2, in the unshaded upper left
corner. Write the last term 8, in the lower right corner.
Multiply the first and last terms to get the diagonal
product, 8 x 2. (3 x+ 2)( x−4)

x2
8

( x +3)(x−4 )

None.
2
Step 2: Form the diagonal product 8 x , list all factors of
the coefficient, 8.
Factors of 8 x 2
1x 8x
-1x -8x
2x 4x
-2x -4x
From this list, find the factors that add to the coefficient of
the middle term, 6x. The factors are 2 x ⋅ 4 x. Write the
factors in the other diagonal, from lower left to upper
right.

Factor
x2 4x
2x 8
Step 3: To the left of x 2, write the GCF of the entries in
the first row.
(GCF of x 2∧4 x is x )
Factor
x x2 4x
2x 8

Step 4: Use the GCF to find the Factor x +4

remaining factors. 2
x x 4x
+2 2x 8

Step 5: The table shows the binomial factors

( x +2)( x+ 4). Multiply the two binomials to check your
answer.
( x +2 )( x +4 )=x 2 +6 x +8
Factor x −2
2
Let’s try another example. Do it on your seats.3 x 3x −6 x
2
3 x −x−10 5 5x −10

Sum: −x
Factors of −30 x 2
30x -1x
-30x 1x
15x -2x
-15x 2x
10x -3x
-10x 3x
6x -5x
-6x 5x
Factors: (3 x+ 5)( x −2)
Very good!

Let’s try another method, the AC Method by Grouping.

Recall: a x 2 ± bx +c
Steps:
1. Find ac.
2. Find the factors of ac whose sum is b.
3. Rewrite the middle term (bx) as a sum or difference
using the factors in Step 2.
4. Factor by grouping.

Example:
Factor 3 x 2−x−10
Solution:
Step 1: ac=3 (−10 )=−30
Step 2: ∑ ¿−1
Factors of −30
30 -1
-30 1
15 -2
 -15 2
10 -3
-10 3
6 -5
-6 5
Step 3: 3 x 2−6 x+ 5 x−10
Step 4: ( 3 x 2−6 x ) +(5 x−10)
3 x ( x−2 ) +5 (x−2)
(3 x+ 5)(x −2) Answer

Another method is the Lazy AC Method.

Steps:
1. Find ac.
2. Find the factors of ac whose sum is b.
3. Write it as 2 factors in the form (ax +d )(ax +e) where
d∧e are results in step 2.
4. If there is a common factor between terms of any of the
factor, divide out the GCF.
Example:
Factor 3 x 2−x−10
Solution:
Step 1: ac=3 (−10 )=−30
Step 2: ∑ ¿−1
Factors of −30
30 -1
-30 1
15 -2
-15 2
10 -3
-10 3
6 -5
-6 5

Step 3: (3 x−6)(3 x +5)

Step 4: Because (3 x−6) has a common factor between
3 x and −6 , we divide out the GCF :3 . So,
( x−2)(3 x+ 5) is the answer.

Note: We can also use these methods (Box, AC, and Lazy
AC Method) in factoring perfect square trinomials.
The teacher will give example.
Let’s have a problem involving factoring quadratic
trinomials.
Problem:
An interior decorator is buying wallpaper for two
square walls. One wall is 4 feet wider than the other. If
he/she needs 170 sq. ft. of wallpaper, what are the
dimensions of the wall?

Solution:
Sketch the walls:
Let x = the length of the smaller square, then x+4 = the
length of the larger square.

x 2+ ( x+ 4 )2=170
Solve for x:
x 2+ ( x+ 4 )2=170
x 2+ x2 +8 x +16=170 Square the binomial
2 x2 +8 x +16=170 Combine like terms
2 x2 +8 x−154=0
x 2+ 4 x−77=0 Divide each term by 2
( x +11 ) ( x−7 )=0 Factor

x +11=0 Equate each factor

x−7=0 to 0.

x=−11 and Solve for x.

x=7
Since the length is positive, we take 7 as the value of x,
hence the length of the side of the smaller square. The
length of the larger square is x +4 or 7+ 4=11 feet.
Check:
72 +11 2=170

We can determine that it is a PST if it is in the form

( FT )2 ± MT + ( ¿ )2 , where MT is twice the square root of
the first term and the last term.

Square of a Binomial
C. Abstraction
Answer the following questions. 1. Factoring the PST
2. Factoring Using Tiles
How do we determine the given trinomial is a perfect 3. Box Method
square trinomial? 4. AC Method
5. Lazy AC Method
What form is the factor of PST? Illustrate the problem.
Write the problem into equation.
What are the methods we have discussed in factoring Solve the equation by using existing properties.
trinomial? Check the answer by it substituting to the initial equation.

I. Answers

1. ( x +6)(5 x+ 8)
How do we solve word problems involving the slope with
speed and accuracy?
2. (7 x +6)( x+ 9)

3. ( x +4 )( x+13)
D. Application
 I. Find the factors of the following trinomials by using the 4. ( x +14 )2
indicated method.
1. factor ( 5 x 2 +38 x + 48 ) using Box Method II.
2
2. factor ( 7 x +69 x+54 ) using Lazy AC Method 1. 6 x , factor ( x +3 )2

3. factor ( x 2 +17 x+ 52 ) using AC Method 2. 25, factor ( x−5 )2

4. factor ( x 2 +28 x+196 ) use any method

III. 103 m
II. Find the missing term to make each expression as PST,
then factor the resulting PST.
1. ¿

2. ¿

III. Problem. The area of a rectangular land field is

( x 2 +13 x + 40 ) sq .m . Find the longer side if its shorter Good bye Sir Arjune, God bless you po and good vibes!
side is 100 m.

E. Assignment
Search about factoring trinomials through Slide and
Divide Approach and factor
( 8 x 2 +31 x +21 )using the said approach.
That’s all for today class.
Good bye!

Name: ________________________

I. Find the factors of the following trinomials by using the indicated method.

1. factor ( 5 x 2 +38 x + 48 ) using Box Method

2. factor ( 7 x 2 +69 x+54 ) using Lazy AC Method

3. factor ( x 2 +17 x+ 52 ) using AC Method

4. factor ( x 2 +28 x+196 ) use any method

II. Find the missing term to make each expression as PST, then factor the resulting PST.
1. ¿

2. ¿

III. Problem. Read the problem carefully and solve it. Show your process and encircle your final answer.

The area of a rectangular land field is ( x 2 +13 x + 40 ) sq .m . Find the longer side if its shorter side is 100 m.