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DC - Motor - Speed Control

The document discusses speed control of DC machines, including separately excited DC motors. It describes the theory of operation of DC motors and different types of DC motors such as separately excited, shunt, series, and permanent magnet DC motors. It focuses on speed control methods for separately excited DC motors, which can be achieved by controlling the armature voltage, armature resistance, or field flux. Armature voltage control is suitable for speeds up to the base speed, while field flux control is used for speeds above the base speed.

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SPARSH RAJ
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79 views27 pages

DC - Motor - Speed Control

The document discusses speed control of DC machines, including separately excited DC motors. It describes the theory of operation of DC motors and different types of DC motors such as separately excited, shunt, series, and permanent magnet DC motors. It focuses on speed control methods for separately excited DC motors, which can be achieved by controlling the armature voltage, armature resistance, or field flux. Armature voltage control is suitable for speeds up to the base speed, while field flux control is used for speeds above the base speed.

Uploaded by

SPARSH RAJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC machine speed control

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University
Topics

• Introduction
• Theory of Operation
• Field Excitation
• Separately Excited DC Motor
• Speed control

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 2
Introduction

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 3
Introduction

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 4
Theory of operation

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 5
Theory of operation

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 6
Theory of operation

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 7
Types of DC Machine

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 8
Separately excited

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 9
Shunt excited

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 10
Series excited

Dr. Chitra A., SELECT, VIT


University 11
Compound machine
 Compounded
 Combines best feature
of series and shunt
 Series – high starting Long-shunt
torque connection
 Shunt – no load
operation
 Cumulative
compounding
 shunt and series field
strengthens each other.
 Differential Short-shunt
compounding connection

 shunt and series field


opposes each other.
PM DC

 Permanent Magnet
 Field provided by magnets
 Less heat
 No field winding resistive
losses
 Compact
 Armature similar to
separately excited
machine
 Disadvantages:
 Can’t increase flux
 Risk of demagnetisation
due to armature reaction

13
Separately Excited DC Machine
Ra La Lf Rf

ia +
+ if +

vt ea Field vf
Armature
circuit
circuit
_ _ _

dia di f
va  Raia  La  ea v f  Rf i f  Lf
dt dt
Te  Kia  K bia Electromagnetic torque

ea  K  K b Armature back e.m.f.


Separately Excited DC Motor
 Motor is connected to a
load.
 Therefore,
d
Te  J  B  TL
dt
where
TL= load torque
J = load inertia (kg/m2)
B = viscous friction
coefficient
(Nm/rad/s)
15
Solve for the motor speed
ea  K  K b Armature back e.m.f.

Va  Ra I a  K v I f
Va  I a Ra Va  I a Ra
 
Kv I f  Vf 
Kv  
 Rf 
 
Control of the motor speed

• Control armature
voltage, Va
– Voltage control
Va  I a Ra
• Control the field

current, If
 Vf 
– Current control
Kv  
• Control the armature R 
current, Ia  f 
SPEED CONTROL METHODS FOR SEPERATELY
EXCITED DC MOTOR

Va Ra
  T
K e K e 2

Three possible methods for speed control:

Armature voltage Va

Armature resistance Ra

Field flux  (by changing field resistance Rf)


Armature voltage control
Va Ra
  T
K e K e 2


Va
K

Va↓

Requires variable
DC supply

19
Armature resistance control
Va Ra
  T
K e K e 2


Va Ra
Losses in external resistor
K K 2  Rarely used.

Ra ↑

20
Flux ( ) control

Va Ra
   T
K e K e 2

↓
Va
K Not possible for PM motor
Ra
slope  Normally employed for
K 2 speed above base speed

T
21
Speed Control Strategy for Separately
Excited DC Motor

 Base speed base = Speed at rated Va, If and Ia


  = 0 to base  speed control by Va
  > base  speed control by flux weakening ()
T

Va control base  control


22
Characteristics of Separately-Excited Motors

Use armature
voltage control

Use field-current
control

Rated
speed
Equivalent circuit of a DC Series Motor
E g  K v I a
Va  ( Ra  R f ) I a  Eg
Va  ( Ra  R f ) I a  K v I f
Td  Kt I a I f
Td  B  TL
Va  ( Ra  R f ) I a

Kv I f
a a f a g

V  ( R 
Controlling the Motor Speed
a a R f ) I a  K v  I
Td  Kt I a I f
• Control armature
voltage, Va Td  B  TL
– Voltage control
Va  ( Ra  R f ) I a
• Control the field 
current, If Kv I f
– Current control
• Control the
armature current, Ia
Characteristics of DC Series motors

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