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José Rizal: Noli Me Tangere

José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist who advocated for independence from Spain through non-violent means in the late 19th century. He was a wealthy man who studied extensively in the Philippines and Europe, writing novels that condemned the Catholic Church and Spanish colonialism. Despite calling for peaceful reform, he was exiled by Spanish officials to Mindanao and eventually executed in 1896 at age 35 after being convicted of sedition. Following the revolution, Rizal was celebrated as a saintly figure in the Philippines for his advocacy of nationalism and non-violent resistance to Spanish rule.

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64 views2 pages

José Rizal: Noli Me Tangere

José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist who advocated for independence from Spain through non-violent means in the late 19th century. He was a wealthy man who studied extensively in the Philippines and Europe, writing novels that condemned the Catholic Church and Spanish colonialism. Despite calling for peaceful reform, he was exiled by Spanish officials to Mindanao and eventually executed in 1896 at age 35 after being convicted of sedition. Following the revolution, Rizal was celebrated as a saintly figure in the Philippines for his advocacy of nationalism and non-violent resistance to Spanish rule.

Uploaded by

Cruz L Antonio
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Library of Congress > Researchers > Hispanic Reading Room > World of 1898

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1898 HOME > Philippines > José Rizal

José Rizal
1861-1896
José Rizal, son of a Filipino father and a Chinese mother, came from a wealthy family. Despite his
family's wealth, they suffered discrimination because neither parent was born in the peninsula. Rizal
studied at the Ateneo, a private high school, and then to the University of St. Thomas in Manila. He did
his post graduate work at the University of Madrid in 1882. For the next five years, he wandered through
Europe discussing politics wherever he went. In 1886, he studied medicine at the University of
Heidelberg and wrote his classic novel Noli me Tangere, which condemned the Catholic Church in the
Philippines for its promotion of Spanish colonialism. Immediately upon its publication, he became a
target for the police who even shadowed him when he returned to the Philippines in 1887. He left his
country shortly thereafter to return to Spain where he wrote a second novel, El Filibusterismo (1891),
and many articles in his support of Filipino nationalism and his crusade to include representatives from
his homeland in the Spanish Cortes.

He returned to Manila in 1892 and created the Liga Filipina, a political group that called for peace
change for the islands. Nevertheless, Spanish officials were displeased and exiled Rizal to the island of
Mindanao. During his four years there, he practiced medicine, taught students, and collected local
examples of flora and fauna while recording his discoveries. Even though he lost touched with others
who were working for Filipino independence, he quickly denounced the movement when it became
violent and revolutionary. After Andrés Bonifacio issued the Grito de Balintawak in 1896, Rizal was
arrested, convicted of sedition, and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896.

Following the revolution, Rizal was made a saint by many religious cults while the United States
authorities seized on his non-violent stance and emphasized his views on Filipino nationalism rather than
those of the more action-oriented Emilio Aguinaldo and Andrés Bonifacio.

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