GAP FILL

1. In a sentence with the structure S + V + x, if x is a noun that must be plural when S

is plural, then V is intensive
2. In the structure S + V + x, if both S and x are plural nouns, V may be either
intensive or extensive
3. In the same structure, if S is plural and x is a singular noun, then V is usually
extensive
4. In S + V + A, if A can be realized by steadily, then V is dynamic, not stative
5. If Od is present in a clause, V is either mono-transitive Or di-transitive or
complex-transitive
6. If Oi is present, V is di-transitive
7. If Co is present, V is complex-transitive
8. In S + V + A, if A is realized by at the moment, V is not intensive
9. In any structure, if V is transitive, it must be extensive
10. The progressive may occurs if V is dynamic but not if V is stative
1. A simple phrase that is not a pro-form can consist only of a (1) [lexical] verb.
One that is a pro-form can only consist of an (2) [auxiliary].
2. The verb phrase MUST BE SEEN contain three (3) [items]. The last has the
function of a lexical verb; the second has the function of a (4) [primary]
auxiliary.
3. Regular verbs are lexical verbs whose past tense and past participle one can
always (5) [predict] from the (6) [base]
4. A finite verb must be marked for (7) [tense] and may have overt (8) [concord]
with its subject in person and (9) [number]
5. Either the –ed or the –ing participle, like the (10) [infinitive] may also be used
alone, as a (11) [non-finite verb] and (12) [non-finite clause]
1. In the structure S + V + O + C, the V is (3) [complex-transtitive] and C is (4)
[object] complement.
2. The verb in Heaven help us! is an example of the (5) [formulaic] subjunctive,
whereas the (6) [madative] subjunctive in I suggest he go is still in active use.
3. (7) [Tense] is the correspondence between the form of the verb and our concept of
time while (8) [aspect] is the manner in which a verbal action is experienced or
regarded with respect to time.
4. Adjectives are (9) [attributive] when they premodify nouns, i.e. appear between the
(10) [determiner] and the head of the noun phrase.
5. The most common characteristic of the adverb is (11) [morphological]: the
majority of adverbs have the (12) [derivational] suffix –ly.
6. The role of subject complement is that of attribute of the subject, whether a (13)
[current] attribute (with stative verbs) or one (14) [resulting] from the event
described by the verb (with dynamic verbs).
7. A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a prepositional
complement, which is characteristically a noun phrase or an (15) [-ing clause] or a
(16) [wh-clause].
8. Subordination is a [non-symmetrical] relation, holding between two clauses in such
a way that one is a [constituent] of another.
9. The finite clause always contains a subject as well as a [predicate], except in the
case of (20) [commands] and ellipsis.
1. In the interrogative transformation, the modal is used as an [operator] and
changes place with the [subject] of the sentence.
2. Only a/an [complex transitive] verb can take an object compliment, and a/an
[intransitive] verb does not take an object or a complement.
3. The progressive may occur if V is [dynamic] but not if V is [stative].
4. A simple verb phrase that is not a pro-form can consist only of a/an [lexical]
verb. One that is a pro-form can only consist of a/an [auxiliary] verb.
5. A [finite] verb phrase occurs as the verb element of a sentence. There is person
and number [concord] between the subject and the verb.
6. The –ing participle in a complex verb phrase is, combined with the auxiliary be,
a realization of [progressive] [aspect].
7. In the sentence You clean the house, the verb clean may be either in the
unmarked [indicative] mood or in the [imperative] mood.
8. The [mandative] subjunctive in that-clause has only one form – the base (V),
which means there is lack of regular indicative concord between subject and
finite verb in the 3rd person singular present, and the present and past tenses are
[indistinguishable].
9. In a sentence with the structure S + V + x, if x is a noun that must be plural
when S is plural, then V is [intensive]. If S is plural and x is a singular noun,
then V is [extensive].
10. The –s form has the /z/ spoken realization after the base verb ending in [voiced]
sounds other than sibilants, and has the /s/ spoken realization after the base verb
ending in [voiceless] sounds other than sibilants.
True

- The non-finite clause always contains a subject and a predicate.

- A subordinate clause can function as subject, object, complement, or adverbial
in the superordinate clause.
- As regards meaning, Wh-interrogative nominal clauses leave a gap of unknown
information.
- Analyzing by structural type, we arrive at three main classes: finite clause, non-
finite clause and verbless clause.
- The to of the infinitive is optionally omitted in a clause which supplies a
predication corresponding to a use of the pro-verb do.
- The base form of the verb is used with all present tense except 3rd person
singular.
- The reference is specific when we have in mind particular specimens of the
class.
- The s- genitive is favored by the classes that are highest on the gender scale.
- With verbs of motion, prepositions may express the idea of passage, which
means movement towards and then away from a place as well as destination.
- A prepositional phrase consists of one preposition and its complements
including noun phrases, Wh-clauses and –ing clauses.
- The element A (adverbial) is obligatory when it appears in the clause structures
with intensive verbs and complex-transitive verbs.
- The nominal Wh- clause can function as subject, direct object, subject
complement, adjectival and prepositional complement.

False

- The nominal that-clause can function as the subject, object, subject

complement, appositive, adjectival complement and prepositional complement
of a sentence.
- The subject of the sentence What he is looking for is a wife is a nominal wh-
clause
- Two independent clauses can be joined by a subordinator.
- All dependent clauses need subordinators as indicators.
- A clause beginning with whether can be made negative.
- The most typical semantic role of a subject is affected, i.e. the participant which
is directly involved in the happening.
- It is common to have this order of adjectives that precede the noun car: that
really big green German old car.
- Nouns which must be seen as individual entities and cannot be viewed as un
undifferentiated mass are called non-count nouns.

1. Steinweg stood the ladder against the wall so that he could climb onto
the roof. SVOdA[SVA](A)
2. If you can do it, I’ll give you ten dollars. [SVOd](A)SVOiOd
3. I guess I’ve eaten chicken six or seven times. SV[SVOdA](Od)
4. The hot weather turned all the milk sour.SVOdCo
5. I will not go near her house until she sends me a written explanation.
SVA[SVOiOd](A)