https://telegram.me/pdf4exams https://telegram.

me/testseries4exams

╳ Only in 2013, PC attempted to undo its mistakes by reducing number of Centrally

sponsored schemes (CSS), Performance based funding to States etc. But it was too little,
too late.
╳ PC’s shortcomings resulted in creation of new bodies like PM’s Project Monitoring
Group, PM’s Economic Advisory Council (PM-EAC), Group of Ministers (GoM)
committees etc. → more lack of coordination. So, Modi felt PC is a hopeless mess
beyond repairs & replaced it with NITI Ayog.

45.5 PLANNING COMMISSION VS NITI AAYOG: STRUCTURE

Position Planning Commission NITI Aayog
Born: 15/3/1950 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___
Born
Dissolved: 13/8/2014 was born on 1/1/2015
Chairman Prime Minister same
Last Dy.Chairman was Economist Rajiv Kumar. (previously Arvind
Vice
Montek Singh Ahluwalia Panagariya). He enjoys ‘Cabinet Minister’ rank in
Chairman
(Cabinet minister Rank). the warrant of precedence and salary.
A Secretary level bureaucrat with fixed tenure.
CEO Member-Secretary (IAS)
Presently, Amitabh Kant (IAS).
PM has nominated following ministers
1. Home
Ex-officio 1. Finance Minister 2. Finance
members 2. Planning minister 3. Railway
4. Agriculture
5. Minister of state for planning.
1. Dr. Ramesh Chand (Economist)
2. Dr. V.K. Saraswat (Technocrat, missile
4-7 full time members, scientist and Ex-DRDO chief.)
Full time
who enjoyed “Minister 3. Dr. Vinod Kumar Paul (Pediatrician, Public
members
of State” rank. Health Expert)
They enjoy Minister of State rank in warrant of
precedence, but salary = Secretary rank (IAS)
- Union ministers for Transport, Social Justice,
MSME, Textiles, Women-Child,
Special
N/A HRD.(**sometimes added/removed)
Invitees
- PM can invite other experts as and when
needed.
Part-time Tech experts from research institutes. Currently
N/A
members none declared.
− Chairman: Prime minister
− CM of all states incl. Delhi, Puducherry
National Development
Governing
Council (NDC) with PM, − Lieutenant governors of UT.
Council − Although cooperative federalism spirit
CM etc.
missing, West Bengal, Telangana and Punjab
boycotted meeting in June 2019
CMs & Lt.Govs of states/UTs that fall in the
Ad hoc
region. They’ll be dealing with specific issue
Regional N/A
affected them e.g. irrigation, naxal-problem,
Councils
infrastructure etc.

Mrunal’s Economy Pillar#4: Sectors of Economy → Page 308

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams https://telegram.me/testseries4exams

45.6 PLANNING COMMISSION VS NITI AAYOG: FUNCTIONS

While Finance commission (a constitutional body under Art.280) is responsible for the tax-
devolution from Union to states, these two non-constitutional bodies look/looked after →
Planning Commission NITI Aayog
Prepared the Five-Year Plans of India 2015 it drafted
✓ Three Year Action Agenda (2017-20).
✓ Seven Year Strategy Document.
✓ Fifteen Year Vision Document (2017-32).
2018: drafted Strategy for New India @ 75
covering the period 2017 to 2022-23.
1. How much money should union give NITI doesn’t decide how much money should
to each state for implementation of be given to each state. That component is
centrally sponsored schemes (CSS)? decided by the Finance Commission (tax
2. How much money should union give devolution and grants) and Finance Ministry
to the five year plans of the state (Allocations for schemes).
governments? 1. NITI primarily serves as the think tank,
PC would answer these questions using helps in policy design.
Gadgil Mukherjee formula (designed in 2. Helps in monitoring schemes’
8TH FYP)- based on population, per implementation through its dashboard e.g.
capita income, special problems etc. of a ‘School Education Quality Index’, ‘SDG
state. India Index’, ‘Digital Transformation Index’
etc.

45.7 NITI → NOTABLE INITIATIVES / HOW DIFFERENT FROM PC?

_ _ _ _ Portal 2017 onwards: NGO register here, get unique id → apply for grants
under various govt schemes.
____ - 2018 onwards: to rapidly transform 115 backward districts on 49
District key performance indicators (KPIs :मु य न पादन संकेतक) related to
Programme
Health, Nutrition, Education, Agriculture, Water Resources, Financial
आका ा क Inclusion, Skill Development, Infrastructure etc.
- Their progress is monitored using NITI online dashboard called
जला काय
‘Champions of Change’ → 2018 Ranking: #1: Dahod (Guj). 2019: #1
Kondagaon (Chhattisgarh)
Strategic - NITI Aayog suggested strategic disinvestment of 30+ sick / loss
disinvestment making CPSEs such as Air India, Pawan Hans Helicopter, Scooters
रणनी तक India etc.
(Planning Commission wouldn’t have done this because of their
व नवेश Nehruvian ‘pro-PSU’ mindset.)
POSHAN - Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) is
Abhiyaan implementing POSHAN Abhiyaan to make India malnutrition free
India by 2022 with focus on pregnant women, mothers and children.
(More in Pillar#6)
- NITI Vice-Chairman is the head of POSHAN Abhiyaan’s National
Council.
(Planning Commission’s focus would had been Food-calorie security
through cheap wheat /grain only, whereas Nutritional Security is

Mrunal’s Economy Pillar#4: Sectors of Economy → Page 309

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams https://telegram.me/testseries4exams

bigger.)
Bills and Since its inception Niti Aayog has
policies - Helped framing various policies on Energy, Mineral etc.
- Helped framing various bills, Model Acts on Agricultural Land
Leasing, Livestock Selling etc.
Agriculture NITI helped revamping the MSP by suggesting price deficiency
payments (under PM-AASHA), & revamping fertilizer subsidies through
DBT mechanism to fertilizer companies. (Ref: Pill#4: Agro Handout)
SDG For Sustainable Development Goals (सतत िकास ल य)
- NITI developed SDG India Index to monitor our progress in 17 SDG
goals
- NITI suggested Govt. to focus on methanol / biofuel based economy
for reducing the fuel bill by around 30% by 2030.
CSS NITI helped developing Output Outcome Monitoring Framework to
monitor the implementation of Govt schemes. PC simply launched
schemes after schemes, without much attention to performance
monitoring.
Seminars NITI regularly organizes seminars, workshops, conferences for idea
exchange with industries and academicians. PC was ‘closed / introvert
body’ (अंतमखी)
ु in terms of interaction with others.
Startups NITI runs Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and SETU to help startups.
Digital Age NITI developing National Program on Artificial Intelligence.

Conclusion? From above points, it is evident that NITI’s approach is more modernised,
forward-looking, less bureaucratic and less status-quo oriented than the erstwhile Planning
Commission. With such initiatives, NITI Ayog is playing a pivotal role for economic growth,
human development and good governance in India.

Asked-GSM3-2018: How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those
followed by the erstwhile Planning Commission in India?

45.8 ECONOMY PLANNING → PM-EAC?

Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council ( धानमं ी क आ थक सलाहकार प रषद)
- Just like PC and NITI, this is also neither constitutional nor statutory body.
- Started in the 2000s to give advice on economic issues to the Prime Minister.
- After PM Manmohan Singh’s term finished (2014), PM Modi did not reconstitute it for a
while. But in 2017, our growth rate seemed declining in the aftermath of demonetisation
and GST, so opposition parties & critics were making lot of hue and cry about PM’s
faulty economic policies. In that atmosphere, PM Modi again reconstituted this Economic
Advisory Council (2017-Sept).
- Composition? Economist Bibek Debroy (Chairman) & other notable experts. NITI
provides administrative / secretarial support to PM-EAC.
Controversy? 2018-Dec: Its part-time member economist Surjit Bhalla resigned, a day after
RBI Governor Urjit Patel’s resignation.

Mrunal’s Economy Pillar#4: Sectors of Economy → Page 310