Appendix C Answers

These pages include numerical and short answers to chapter section questions, selected
Tutorial Practice questions, and Chapter Self-Quiz, Chapter Review, Unit Self-Quiz,
and Unit Review questions.

Unit 1 1.3 Questions, p. 31 4. (c) CH3CH2OH 1l2 1 3 O 4 S 17. F

1. (a) chlorobenzene CH3CHO 1l2 1 H2O 1l2 18. T
Are You Ready?, pp. 4–5 (b) methylbenzene (toluene) 19. F
4. HH, NH, BO, LiF (c) phenylethene 1.6 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 48 20. F
9. covalent, ionic, hydrogen, (d) 1,3-dimethylbenzene 1. (a) decanoic acid 21. (a) (vii) (e) (iii)
dipole–dipole, London (e) 1-bromo-2-pentylbenzene (b) butanoic acid (b) (ii) (f) (vi)
dispersion 5. (a) 1,4-dichlorobenzene (c) 3-methylheptanoic acid (c) (iv) (g) (i)
10. NH3, H2O, HF 6. (a) (i)  bromocyclohexane 1.6 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 50 (d) (viii) (h) (v)
25. (a) NaOH(aq) S (ii) ethylbenzene 1 1. (a) ethyl pentanoate 22. (a) CH3CHCHCH2CH3 1 Br2 S
Na1(aq) 1 OH2(aq), base hydrogen chloride (b) methyl decanoate CH3CHBrCHBrCH2CH3;
(b) HCl(aq) S (c) butyl methanoate addition reaction
2H1(aq) 1 Cl2(aq), acid 1.4 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 34
(d) propyl benzoate (b) C5H8 1 Br2 S C5H6Br2;
(c) H2SO4(aq) S 1. (a) pentane-1,4-diol
addition reaction
H1(aq) 1 SO422(aq), acid (b) 4-ethyl-3-methyloctan-4-ol 1.6 Questions, p. 55 (c) C6H6 1 Br2 S C6H5Br 1
(d) HNO3(aq) S (c) benzene-1,3-diol 2. (a) methyl pentanoate HBr; substitution reaction
H1(aq) 1 NO32(aq), acid 1.4 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 37 (b) methyl butanoate 24. (a) 5O, C5C, 2OH
(e) LiOH(aq) S H2SO4 (b) benzene ring, 2COOH
2. C5H11OH 1l2 h 1.7 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 58
Li1(aq) 1 OH2(aq), base (c) benzene ring, 2NH2
C5H10 1l2 1 H2O 1l2 1. (a) butan-2-amine
1.1 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 14 25. (a) 2OH, alcohol,
(b) N,N-diethylbutan-1-amine
(a) octane 1.4 Tutorial 3 Practice, p. 38 propan-1-ol
(c) N-methyl-N-propylpropan-
(b) 3-methylpentane 1. (a) ethoxyethane (b) 2COOH, carboxylic acid,
1-amine
(c) 1,3-dichlorobutane (b) ethoxypropane propanoic acid
(d) octan-3-amine
(d) 2,4-dimethylhexane (c) 2CHO, aldehyde, hexanal
(e) N-ethylbutan-2-amine
1.4 Questions, p. 39 (d) 2O, ether,
1.1 Questions, p. 17 1. (a) heptane-2,3-diol 1.7 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 60 1-ethoxypropane
2. (a) 2,2-dimethylbutane (b) 3-methylhexan-2-ol 1. (a) butanamide (e) 2NH2, amine,
(b) 5-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane (c) 4-ethyl-5-methylheptan- (b) N-propylethanamide methanamine
(c) 3,6-dimethyl-4-(propan- 3-ol (c) N,N-dimethylbutanamide (f) 2C5O, ketone, pentan-
2-yl)octane (d) cyclopentane-1,3-diol 2-one
(d) 2-bromo-4-chloropentane (e) 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene 1.7 Questions, p. 62 (g) 2COOC, ester,
(e) 1,1-dimethylcylohexane (f) 1-propoxybutane 1. (a) propanamide propylethanoate
(f) propan-2-ylcyclopentane (g) 1-ethoxypentane (b) N,N-dimethylpropan-1- (h) 2CON, amide,
(g) 3-methylhexane (h) ethanethiol amine N-methylpropanamide
9. dodecane 4. (a) 2-heptanol (c) N,N-diethylpropanamide (i) 2C5O, ketone,
(b) 1-butene 1 water (d) 2-chloroheptan-4-amine
1.2 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 21 pentan-3-one
(c) ethoxypropane 1 water (e) hept-6-ene-2,4-diamine
1. (a) but-1-ene (j) 2COOH, carboxylic acid,
5. 2 CH3OH 1l2 1 3 O2 1g2 S Chapter 1 Self-Quiz, p. 71 methanoic acid
(b) 4-methylhex-2-ene
2 CO2 1g2 1 4 H2O 1g2 1. (a) 7. (a) 12. F
conc.H2SO4
(c) 4-methylhex-2-yne 35. (a) CH3CH2OH h
(d) 4-bromo-3-methylcyclohex- 1.5 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 41 2. (b) 8. (d) 13. F CH2CH2 1 H2O;
1-ene 1. (a) pentanal 3. (d) 9. F 14. T dehydration
(b) 4-ethylhexanal 4. (d) 10. F 15. T conc.H2SO4
1.2 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 23 5. (b) 11. T 16. T (b) 2 CH3CH2OH h
(c) 4-chloropentanal
2. (a) trans-pent-2-ene 6. (d) CH3CH2OCH2CH;
(b) cis-pent-2-ene 1.5 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 42 dehydration
1. (a) butanone Chapter 1 Review, pp. 72–77 (c) CH3CH2CH2OH 1 3O 4 S
1.2 Questions, p. 27 1. (b)
(b) 2-methyl-3-hexanone CH3CH2CHO 1 H2O;
2. (a) alkene 2. (d)
(c) cyclohexanone oxidation
(b) alkene 3. (b) (d) CH2CHCH2CH2CH3 1
(c) alkyne 1.5 Tutorial 3 Practice, p. 45 4. (d) H2O S
5. (a) 1-bromo-2-butyne 1. (a) pentan-2-ol, oxygen 5. (c) CH3CHOHCH2 CH2CH3;
(b) 4-methyl-2-hexyne (b) pentan-1-ol, oxygen 6. (d) addition
7. (a) cis-2-hexene 2. (a) ethanol 7. (c) (e) CH3CH2OH 1 3 O 4 S
(b) trans-1-bromo-1-butene (b) butan-2-ol 8. (d) CH3CHO 1 H2O,
9. (a) CH3CH5CHCH3 1 Cl2 S 3. (a) hexanal 9. (c) oxidation;
CH3CHClCHClCH3 (b) hexanone 10. (d) CH3CHO 1 3 O 4 S
(b) CH3CH5CHCH2CH2CH3 1 (c) 2-methylpentanone 11. (a) CH3COOH, oxidation
HBr S 12. T
1.5 Questions, p. 46 (f) HCOOH 1
CH3CH2CHBrCH2CH2CH3 13. T conc.H2SO4
2. (a) pentan-2-one CH3CH2OH h
1.3 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 30 14. F
(b) hexanal HCOOCH2CH3;
1. (a) 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene 15. F
3. (b) CH3COCH3 1l2 1 H2 1g2 S condensation
(b) 3-methyl-2-phenylpentane 16. F
CH3CHOHCH3 1l2

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 2.1 Questions, p. 83 (d) (vii) 25. T 65. (a) cyclohexanone
1. (a) natural polymer (e) (i) 26. T 66. (a) ketone: pentan-2-one
(b) synthetic polymer (f) (ix) 27. F (b) aldehyde: butanal
(c) synthetic polymer (g) (ii) 28. F (c) ketone: 4,5-dichlorohexan-
(d) natural polymer (h) (x) 29. T 3-one
(e) natural polymer (i) (v) 30. T (d) aldehyde:
(f) natural polymer (j) (viii) 31. T 2,3-dimethylpentanal
(g) synthetic polymer (k) (iv) 32. T 70. (a) methanoic acid
(h) natural polymer 29. (a) 3-bromo-3-chloroprop- 33. F (b) 2-methylpropanoic acid
1-ene 34. T (c) 3-ethyl-2-methylhexanoic
2.2 Questions, p. 93
34. (b) condensation 35. T acid
1. chlorotrifluoroethene,
polymerization 36. F (d) 4-chlorobenzoic acid
CFCl5CF2
35. (a) condensation reaction 37. (a) (iv) 72. ethanol and butanoic acid
2. (a) fluoroethene, CFH5CH2
(b) yes; HCl (b) (vii) 73. fatty acid
(b) 1-bromo-2-chloroethene,
37. water (c) (x) 74. ethanol and benzoic acid
HBrC5CHCl
38. amine and carboxylic acid (d) (v) 75. (a) aldehyde
(c) phenylethene, C6H5CH5CH2
42. (a) glycogen (e) (iii) (b) ketone
2.4 Questions, p. 99 (b) cellulose (f) (xi) (c) amine
6. hexanediamine, (c) DNA (g) (viii) (d) carboxylic acid
H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 60. (a) aldehyde (h) (ii) (e) ketone
hexanedioic acid, 61. (a) 6 (i) (ix) (f) aldehyde
HOOCCH2CH2CH2CH2COOH (b) pentose (j) (i) (g) carboxylic acid
69. (b) ii (k) (vi) (h) amine
2.6 Questions, p. 105 71. butan-1,4-diol 38. (a) (ii) 83. (a) cross-links
5. (a) six: gly-ser-phe; gly-phe-ser; (b) (iv) 85. no
ser-gly-phe; ser-phe-gly; Unit 1 Self-Quiz, pp. 118−119 (c) (iii) 89. (a) polyester
phe-gly-ser; phe-ser-gly 1. (c) 17. (a) 33. F (d) (i) (b) polyester
6. (a) hydrophobic 2. (d) 18. (b) 34. T 39. (a) 2,2,4-trimethylhexane (c) polyamide
(b) hydrophilic 3. (c) 19. (c) 35. T (b) 5-methylnonane  (d) polyamide
(c) hydrophobic 4. (b) 20. (d) 36. T (c) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane 91. (a) rubber
(d) hydrophilic 5. (c) 21. (b) 37. F (d) 3-ethyl-3-methyloctane (b) nylon, a polyamide
6. (d) 22. (b) 38. F (e) 1,3-dichlorobutane (c) carboxylic acid, amine
Chapter 2 Self-Quiz, p. 109
7. (b) 23. F 39. F (f) 1,1,1-trichlorobutane 93. (a) carboxyl, amino
1. (a) 7. (b) 13. T
8. (c) 24. T 40. F (g) 2,3-dichloro-2,4- (b) peptide, water
2. (c) 8. (c) 14. F
9. (c) 25. T 41. T dimethylhexane (c) polyamide
3. (b) 9. (d) 15. F
10. (c) 26. F 42. T (h) 1,2-difluoroethane 95. no
4. (d) 10. (d) 16. F
11. (b) 27. T 43. F 42. decane 99. no
5. (d) 11. F 17. F
12. (d) 28. F 44. F 46. (a) 10 102. ethanol
6. (c) 12. T 18. T
13. (b) 29. F 45. T (b) 14 108. propane, propanamine,
Chapter 2 Review, pp. 110−115 14. (c) 30. F 46. T (c) 11 and propan-1-ol
1. (c) 15. (a) 31. F 47. (a) CnH2n + 2
16. (d) 32. F
2. (b) (b) CnH2n Unit 2
3. (c) 48. (a) 5
Unit 1 Review, pp. 120−127
4. (a) (b) 4 Are You Ready?, pp. 130–131
1. (d)
5. (a) 50. (a) but-1-ene 1. (a) ionic
2. (c)
6. (c) (b) 4-methylhex-2-ene (b) covalent
3. (b)
7. (d) (c) 2,5-dimethylhept-3-ene (c) ionic
4. (d)
8. (c) 53. Markovnikov’s rule (d) covalent
5. (c)
9. (d) 54. (a) 5-methylhex-2-ene (e) ionic
6. (b)
10. (d) (b) hexane-1,4-diene 5. (a) 5 protons, 5 electrons,
7. (a)
11. (a) (c) 3,4-dimethylcyclohexene 6 neutrons
8. (a)
12. (d) 58. (a) pentan-1-ol, primary (b) 25 protons, 25 electrons,
9. (b)
13. (a) (b) 3-chlorobutan-1-ol, primary 29 neutrons
10. (d)
14. (a) (c) 3-methylhexan-3-ol, tertiary (c) 25 protons, 25 electrons,
11. (a)
15. (c) (d) 2-methylcyclopentanol, 30 neutrons
12. (c)
16. (a) secondary (d) 17 protons, 18 electrons,
13. (c)
17. (a) 61. ketone 18 neutrons
14. (c)
18. F 62. butan-1-ol, primary 8. (a) molecular
15. (d)
19. T butan-2-ol, secondary (b) molecular
16. T
20. T 2-methylpropan-1-ol, primary (c) ionic
17. F
21. F 2-methylpropan-2-ol, tertiary (d) ionic
18. F
22. F 63. (a) ketone (e) ionic
19. F
23. T (b) primary alcohol (f) ionic
20. T
24. F 64. (a) pentanal 21. (a) carbon tetrabromide
21. F
25. F (b) 3-ethylhexan-2-ol (b) chlorine dioxide
22. F
26. (a) (iii) (c) 3-methylpentan-2-one (c) dinitrogen monoxide
23. F
(b) (vi) (d) 2-methylcyclohexanol (d) sulfur hexafluoride
24. F
(c) (xi) (e) hydroxybenzene (e) dinitrogen tetroxide

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 24. (a) calcium chloride 7. (a) As: [Ar]4s23d104p3 41. (a) boron 6. all three have a tetrahedral
(b) iron(II) nitrate (b) Uuh: [Rn]7s25f 146d107p4 (b) beryllium arrangement
(c) carbon monoxide (c) Ta: [Xe]6s24f 145d3 (c) chlorine 7. (a) linear
(d) calcium sulfite (d) At: [Xe]6s24f145d106p5 (d) sulfur (b) tetrahedral
(e) ammonium nitrate 8. (a) F: 1s22s22p5 (e) vanadium (c) trigonal planar
(f) ammonium sulfide (b) K: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 42. 5p (d) trigonal planar
(g) copper(II) chlorite (c) In: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 45. (a) As (e) trigonal planar around
(h) sodium hypochlorite 4p65s24d105p1 (b) Ho both C
2 2 2
(i) mercury(II) sulfide (d) C: 1s 2s 2p ; (c) Rb1 8. (a) trigonal pyramidal
(j) calcium acetate Si: 1s22s22p63s23p2; (d) I2 (b) trigonal planar
Ge: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p2 48. (a) 2, 4s2 (c) linear
3.1 Questions, p. 142 (b) 6, 2s22p4 9. tetrahedral around first,
Chapter 3 Self-Quiz, p. 185
1. (a) (i)  35 protons, 44 neutrons (c) 7, 7s27p5 fourth, and fifth carbons;
1. (b) 7. (c) 13. T
(ii) 35 protons, 46 neutrons (d) 3, 5s25p1 trigonal planar around second
2. (d) 8. (d) 14. T
(iii) 94 protons, 145 neutrons (e) 8, 3s23p6 and third carbons
3. (c) 9. (a) 15. F
(iv) 55 protons, 78 neutrons (f) 5, 6s26p3 4.3 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 220
4. (d) 10. T 16. F
(v) 1 proton, 2 neutrons 51. Li: 1 unpaired electron 1. (a) polar covalent
5. (c) 11. T 17. F
(vi) 26 protons, 30 neutrons N: 3 unpaired electrons (b) polar covalent
6. (b) 12. F 18. T
(b) (i)  35 Ni: 2 unpaired electrons (c) ionic
(ii) 35 Chapter 3 Review, pp. 186–191 Te: 2 unpaired electrons 2. (a) H–H < C2H < B2H,
(iii) 94 1. (d) 55. (a) 151
63 Eu
31
Mg2H < Na2H < O2H
(iv) 55 2. (b) (b) 118
50 Sn21
< H–F
(v) 1 3. (a) 56. (a) Br2, Rb1, Sr21 (b) Cl2Cl < I2Cl < P2Cl <
(vi) 26 4. (d) (b) Br gains a 4p electron, Al2Cl < Li2Cl < Rb2Cl
2. (a) 17
8 O 5. (a) Rb loses one 5s electron, (c) C–C 5 C2S < C2H <
(b) 37 6. (d) Sr loses two 5s electrons C2Cl < C2O < C2F
17Cl
(c) 60 7. (d) 57. Ca
27Co 4.3 Questions, p. 221
(d) 57 8. F 63. (a) Al: 1s22s22p63s23p1
26Fe 1. (a) C < N < O
(e) 131 9. T 65. (a) paramagnetic
53 I (b) Se < S < Cl
10. F (b) not paramagnetic
(f) 73Li (c) Si 5 Ge 5 Sn
11. T (c) paramagnetic
3. (a) 56 protons, 54 electrons (d) Tl 5 Ge < S
12. F (d) not paramagnetic
(b) 30 protons, 28 electrons 3. (a) polar covalent
13. T 66. Fe21: [Ar]3d6; Fe31: [Ar]3d5
(c) 7 protons, 10 electrons (b) polar covalent
14. T 67. (a) Ca: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
(d) 37 protons, 36 electrons (c) ionic
15. T (b) Ca: 1s22s22p63s23p64s14p1
(e) 27 protons, 24 electrons (d) non-polar covalent
27. (a) the first energy level (c) Ca21: 1s22s22p63s23p6
(f) 52 protons, 54 electrons (e) polar covalent
(n 5 1) 69. (a) Z 5 42
4. (a) 34
16S
22
4. (a) Ge2F
32 22 (b) Groups 1A and 2A (b) Mo: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
(b) 16S (b) P2Cl
(c) metals 3d104p65s24d4
(c) S2F
29. (a) 2 (c) Mo: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
3.4 Questions, p. 159 (d) Ca2Cl
(b) 8 3d104p65s14d5
5. first shell: n 5 1, l 5 0, ml 5 0 6. (a) O: δ1; F: δ2
(c) 18 71. K2O, Rb2O, Cs2O
second shell: n 5 2, l 5 0 or 1, (b) non-polar
(d) 36 72. p1 5 26, n0 5 27, e2 5 24
ml 5 0, 11, or 21 (c) C: δ1; Br: δ2
33. helium: 2, 2, 1s2
third shell: n 5 3, l 5 0, 1, or (d) C: δ1; O: δ2
boron: 5, 5, 1s22s22p1 4.1 Questions, p. 205
2, ml 5 22, 21, 0, 1, or 2 7. (a) correct
chlorine: 17, 17, 1s22s22p63s23p5 2. (a) (NH4)2SO4, Ca3(PO4)2,
6. (a) n 5 2, l 5 0, ml 5 0, (b) incorrect; δ1I2Clδ2
neon: 10, 10, 1s22s22p6 K2O, KCl
1 1 (c) correct
ms 5 or 2 phosphorus: 15, 15, (b) (NH4)2SO4, Ca3(PO4)2, P2O5
2 2 (d) incorrect; non-polar
1s22s22p63s23p3 (c) (NH4)2SO4, Ca3(PO4)2
(b) n 5 6, l 5 0, ml 5 0, (e) incorrect; δ1P2Oδ2
34. (a) 1s22s22p63s2 6. (b) I in I32; S in SF4; P in PF5;
1 1 8. (a) 1.5
ms 5 or 2 (b) 1s22s22p63s23p6 Xe in XeF4
2 2 (b) polar covalent
(c) 1s22s22p4
(c) n 5 5, l 5 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, 9. (a) O, F
(d) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1 4.2 Questions, p. 216
ml 5 24, 23, 22, 21, 0, 1, (b) F
(e) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 2. (a) tetrahedral; 109.5°
1 1 (c) N, Cl, Br
2, 3, or 4, ms 5 or 2 4p65s24d105p66s14f 145d10 (b) trigonal pyramidal; 107° 10. (a) ionic
2 2 2 2 6 2 6
35. (a) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p (c) bent or V-shaped; 104.5°
7. a, b, c, e (b) non-polar covalent
(b) 1s22s22p63s23p6 (d) linear; 180°
8. a, b, c, e (c) polar covalent
36. (a) [Ne]3s23p2 (e) trigonal pyramidal; 107°
9. a, b, c, e (d) polar covalent
(b) [Ar]4s23d5 (f) bent or V-shaped; 104.5°
12. 2, 8 (e) non-polar covalent
(c) [Xe]6s24f 145d3 (g) tetrahedral; 109.5° (f) ionic
(d) [Ar]4s23d104p5 3. (a) V-shaped; 120°
3.5 Questions, p. 172 (e) [Rn]7s25f 10 4.5 Questions, p. 229
(b) trigonal planar; 120°
3. (a) Cr: [Ar]4s13d5, 6 unpaired 37. (a) 23, [Ne]3s23p6 4. (a) B: δ1; F: δ2
(c) linear; 180°
electrons; Cu: [Ar]4s13d10, (b) 12, [He] (b) N: δ1; Cl: δ2
(d) linear; 180°
1 unpaired electron (c) 13, [Ar]4s23d5 (c) H: δ1; C: δ2
4. linear
6. (a) 3d 38. (a) [Kr]5s24d1 (d) no partial charge
5. all four have a trigonal planar
(b) 5p (b) [Kr]5s24d105p3 structure
(c) 6s (c) [Xe]

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 5. (a) polar 4. (c) 54. (a) polar covalent 82. (a) 90°, octahedral
(b) non-polar 5. (d) (b) polar covalent 83. CH3OH
(c) non-polar 6. (b) (c) ionic 84. water
(d) polar 7. (c) (d) covalent 85. (a) V-shaped; 104.5°; polar; sp3
(e) non-polar 8. (a) (e) covalent (b) tetrahedral; 109.5°;
(f) polar 9. (c) (f) polar covalent non-polar; sp3
(g) polar 10. (d) 55. (a) Si: δ1; Cl: δ2 (c) linear; 180°; non-polar; sp
6. (a) polar 11. (a) (b) Li: δ1; H: δ2 (d) linear; 180°; non-polar; sp
(b) polar 12. (b) (c) Al: δ1; I: δ2 86. (b) trigonal planar around C
(c) polar 13. T (d) Ge: δ1; H: δ2 atoms; 120°; sp2
4.6 Questions, p. 238 14. T 56. O, F (c) non-polar
4. (a) linear, trigonal planar, 15. F 57. (a) no 89. (a) no
tetrahedral 16. T (b) yes (b) 12 valence electrons
(b) sp and sp2 17. T (c) no
8. (a) sp3 (d) sp 18. F (d) yes Unit 2 Self-Quiz, pp. 270–271
(b) sp3 (e) sp 19. F (e) yes 1. (d) 16. (a) 31. F
(c) sp3 (f) sp2 20. F 58. (a) no partial charge 2. (b) 17. (b) 32. T
9. (b) 120° 21. T (b) no partial charge 3. (a) 18. (d) 33. F
22. T (c) H: δ1; C: δ2 4. (c) 19. (a) 34. T
4.7 Questions, p. 247 23. F (d) C: δ1; N: δ2 5. (d) 20. (c) 35. F
1. (a) HBr (d) N2 32. S2O > N2S 5 S2Cl > P2S > 60. (a) polar 6. (b) 21. (d) 36. T
(b) NaCl (e) CH4 C2S (b) polar 7. (b) 22. (a) 37. T
(c) I2 (f) HF 33. (a) carbon tetrachloride and (c) non-polar 8. (b) 23. (a) 38. F
2. (a) CBr4 boron trifluoride (d) non-polar 9. (a) 24. (d) 39. F
(b) F2 35. CF2H2 > CCl2H2 > CF2Cl2 > CCl4 (e) polar 10. (b) 25. F 40. T
(c) CH3CH2OH 62. (a) sp3
36. (b) sigma bond 11. (c) 26. F 41. T
(d) H2O2 37. (b) sp (b) no hybridization 12. (b) 27. T 42. T
(e) H2CO (c) C2Br bond is a sigma bond; (c) sp2 13. (a) 28. T 43. F
4. (a) OCS C2C bond is a triple bond: (d) sp2 14. (d) 29. F
(b) SeO2 one sigma and two pi bonds 63. (a) sp3 15. (a) 30. T
(c) H2NCH2CH2NH2 39. (a) SiCl4 (b) sp
(d) H2CO (b) NaCl (c) sp2 Unit 2 Review, pp. 272–279
(e) CH3OH 46. (a) one (d) sp2 1. (b)
5. F2 (b) one (e) sp 2. (d)
6. (a) 78.5 °C (c) none 64. (a) sigma 3. (c)
(b) 223 °C (d) two (b) sigma 4. (d)
(c) 242.1 °C 48. (a) 8 e2 surround central atom; (c) sigma 5. (c)
7. (a) London, dipole–dipole, 3 bonding pairs, 6 lone pairs (d) 1 sigma, 1 pi between C 6. (a)
hydrogen bonding (b) 8 e2 surround central atom; atoms; 7. (d)
(b) London, dipole–dipole, 3 bonding pairs, 10 lone pairs sigma between C and Cl 8. (d)
hydrogen bonding (c) 6 e2 surround central atom; (e) 1 sigma, 2 pi 9. (c)
(c) London 3 bonding pairs, 9 lone pairs 65. (b) 1 sigma, 1 pi 10. (d)
(d) London, dipole–dipole,
(d) 8 e2 surround central atom; 66. (b) p 11. (d)
hydrogen bonding 4 bonding pairs, 4 lone pairs 71. (a) n-pentane 12. (d)
(e) London, dipole–dipole (e) 12 e2 surround central (b) HF 13. (c)
8. H2NCH2CH2NH2 atom; 6 bonding pairs, (c) LiCl 14. (d)
4.8 Questions, p. 254 18 lone pairs (d) hexane 15. (c)
2. (a) metallic (f) 8 e2 surround central atom; 72. (a) ethanol 16. (d)
(b) molecular 4 bonding pairs, 12 lone (b) SiH4 17. (a)
(c) ionic pairs (c) H2O 18. (a)
(d) molecular (g) 2 e2 surround central atom; (d) C2H5OH 19. (b)
6. (a) metallic 1 bonding pair, 0 lone pairs (e) C4H9OH 20. (d)
(b) ionic (h) 6 e2 surround central atom; 74. (a) ionic 21. (c)
(c) covalent network 3 bonding pairs, 18 lone pairs (b) ionic 22. (d)
(d) molecular 50. (a) trigonal planar; 120° (c) metallic 23. (c)
Chapter 4 Self-Quiz, p. 261 (b) V-shaped; 104° (d) molecular 24. (b)
1. (c) 8. (c) 15. T 51. (a) linear 75. (a) ionic 25. (b)
2. (a) 9. (c) 16. T (b) tetrahedral around C; (b) molecular 26. (d)
3. (c) 10. T 17. T bent around S (c) metallic 27. (b)
4. (d) 11. T 18. F (c) tetrahedral around C (d) covalent network 28. (c)
5. (c) 12. F 19. T bonded to H; linear C 76. (a) molecular 29. (d)
6. (a) 13. T bonded to N (b) metallic 30. F
7. (d) 14. F (d) trigonal planar (c) covalent network 31. T
53. (a) B–H < N–H 5 (d) ionic 32. T
Chapter 4 Review, pp. 262–267 Mg–H < Li–H < O–H 78. (a) SiC 33. F
1. (d) (b) Ga–Br 5 Ge–Cl < Sn–F < (b) Na3PO4 34. T
2. (c) Al–F (c) H2O 35. T
3. (d) (c) P–H < P–S < P–Cl < P–O < 80. (b) trigonal planar; 120° 36. T
P–F

738   Appendix C NEL

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 738 5/3/12 10:28 AM

 37. T 1 01. K < Na < S < Br < O 123. (a) ionic (c) kinetic energy
38. F 102. (a) Ca (b) covalent (d) potential energy
39. T (b) F (c) ionic 2. (a) endothermic
40. T (c) S (d) ionic (b) exothermic
41. T (d) Ge (e) covalent (c) exothermic
42. F 103. F–H > O–H > N–H > C–H > (f) ionic (d) endothermic
43. T P–H 127. (b) biacetyl: all 120o; (e) endothermic
44. F 104. (a) ionic acetoin: C–C–O around (f) endothermic
45. F (b) non-polar covalent double-bonded carbon:
46. F (c) polar covalent 120o; 5.2 Questions, p. 306
47. T (d) ionic C–C–O around single- 2. qsystem: negative;
48. F (e) polar covalent bonded carbon: 109.5o DH: negative;
49. T (f) non-polar covalent (c) biacetyl: 11 sigma bonds qsurroundings: positive
50. F 106. (a) (i)  P: 1s22s22p63s23p3 and 2 pi bonds 3. (a) 2446 kJ
51. T (ii) S: 1s22s22p63s23p4 acetoin: 13 sigma bonds (b) 2891 kJ
52. F (iii) Br: 1s22s22p63s23p6 and 1 pi bond (c) 2446 kJ
53. F 4s23d104p5 4. 9.4 8C
54. F (iv) Si: 1s22s22p63s23p2 Unit 3 6. (a) C3H8(g) 1 5 O2(g) S
55. F 107. (a) 3p Are You Ready?, pp. 282–283 3 CO2(g) 1 4 H2O(g)
56. F (b) 3p 1. (a) chemical energy to kinetic DH 8c 5 22220 kJ
57. (a) (i) (c) 4p energy (b) Cl2(g) S 2 Cl(g)
(b) (v) (d) 3p (b) solar energy to electrical DH 8r 5 243 kJ
(c) (x) 108. (a) (i)  B: 1s22s22p1 energy (c) 2 Fe(s) 1 3 O2(g) S
(d) (iv) (ii)  N: 1s22s22p3 (c) electrical energy to thermal Fe2O3(s) DH 8f 5 2824 kJ
(e) (vii) (iii) C: 1s22s22p2 energy (d) HCl(g) S
(f) (ix) (iv) F: 1s22s22p5 2. absorb 1 1
(g) (viii) (f) (i) B: sp2 H (g) 1 Cl2(g)
5. (a) absorb 2 2 2
(h) (ii) (ii)  N: sp3 (b) release DH 8r 5 93 kJ
(i) (vi) (iii) C: sp3 (c) absorb 7. (a) Cu(s) 1 Cl2(g) S
(j) (iii) (iv) F: sp3 (d) release CuCl2(s) 1 220.1 kJ
58. (a) (ii) 109. (a) Be: sp; BeCl2: linear 6. releases (b) C(graphite) 1 2.0 kJ S
(b) (iv) (b) S: sp3; H2S: bent 8. (a) temperature C(diamond)
(c) (iii) (c) C: sp2; H2CO: trigonal (b) concentration (c) AgCl(s) 1 127.1 kJ S
(d) (i) planar (c) concentration 1
67. no (d) Si: sp3; SiF4: tetrahedral Ag(s) 1 Cl2(g)
10. (a) 2 C8H18 1l2 1 25 O2 1g2 S 2
68. 10, 11, 12 110. CH3CH2CH2OH 16 CO2 1g2 1 18 H2O 1g2
79. (a) n 114. (a) (i)  intermolecular (b) 1.74 L 5.3 Questions, p. 313
(b) n2 (ii)  intermolecular (c) 2.71 L 1. (a) 2183 kJ
(c) 2n2 (iii) intermolecular 11. (a) 2 KClO3(s) S (b) 2109 kJ
81. (a) 1 (iv) intramolecular 2 KCl(s) 1 3 O2(g): 2. (a) 2158 kJ
(b) 2 (v)  intermolecular decomposition (b) 21.17 3 103 kJ
(c) 4n 2 2, where n is the (vi) intramolecular (b) Fe2O3(s) 1 2 Al(s) S 4. 327 kJ
principal quantum number (b) covalent bonds, ionic 2 Fe(s) 1 Al2O3(s): 8. 220 kJ
82. (a) Kr bonds, van der Waals reduction 9. 485 kJ/mol
(b) Mg (hydrogen bonds, dipole- (c) 2 C4H10(g) 1 13 O2(g) S 10. 5695 kJ
(c) Ru dipole, London dispersion) 8 CO2(g) 1 10 H2O(g): 11. exothermic
(d) Ar 117. (a) metal combustion 12. (a) CO2 1g2 1 H2O 1l2 S
84. (a) P (b) ionic (d) 4 K(s) 1 O2(g) S H2CO3 1aq2
(b) He (c) molecular 2 K2O(s): synthesis (c) 137 kJ/mol
(c) H (d) molecular 12. (a) 2 C 1s2 1 O2 1g2 S 2 CO 1g2 13. (a) propane: 22057 kJ/mol;
(d) Ga (e) covalent network 2 CO 1g2 1 O2 1g2 S methane: 2824 kJ/mol
85. (a) 3 (f) covalent network 2 CO2 1g2 (b) 2.5 mol
(b) 6 (g) metal (b) 50 L of CO and 50 L of
(c) 2 119. (a) molecular CO2 5.4 Questions, p. 318
(d) 7 (b) covalent network (c) C 1s2 1 O2 1g2 S CO2 1g2 4. (a) 22984 kJ
88. (a) F: 1s22s22p5 (c) covalent network (d) 49 L of CO2 (b) 2746 kJ/mol
(b) C: 1s22s22p2 (d) molecular 13. (a) 24.4 kJ 5. 29 kJ
(c) Sc: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 (e) metal (b) 4.8 3 102 g 6. 2623 kJ
(d) He: 1s2 (f) molecular (c) 1.52 3 1022 mg 7. 2713 kJ
89. 2 (g) ionic 14. (a) C3H8(g) 1 5 O2(g) S 8. 2461.3 kJ
91. (a) cation (h) molecular 3 CO2(g) 1 4 H2O(l)
(b) anion (i) ionic (b) 18.3 g 5.5 Questions, p. 324
(c) cation (j) metal 15. (a) 18 mol 1. (b), (d)
(d) anion (k) ionic (b) 69 J 2. (a) 2571.6 kJ
92. (a) lose 1 e2 (l) molecular (c) 23.1 J/mol (b) 2393.5 kJ
(b) gain 3 e2 120. B2H6: molecular;
5.1 Questions, p. 291 (c) 571.6 kJ
(c) gain 1 e2 SiO2: network;
1. (a) potential energy (d) 21409.2 kJ
(d) lose 2 e2 CsI: ionic;
(b) potential energy 3. 5.45 3 103 kJ
W: metallic

NEL Answers   739

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 739 5/3/12 9:48 AM

 4. 22672.7 kJ 35. (a) 8.77 J/g 68. (a) 2890.7 kJ/mol, 8. (a) 2 NO(g) 1 O2(g) S 2 NO2(g)
5. 2176 kJ/mol (b) 43.9 J/g 2283.0 kJ/mol (b) N2O2(g)
6. 4360 kJ 36. (a) 5.9 kJ (b) 255.50 kJ/g, 210.10 kJ/g (c) second step
7. 52.5 kJ (b) 59 kJ/mol 9. (a) HNO2(aq) 1 NH41(aq) S
8. 230.58 kJ/g 1 6.1 Questions, p. 361 N2(g) 1 2 H2O(l) 1 H1(aq)
37. (a) HgO(s) S Hg(l) 1 O (g), 1. 5 3 1023 mol/L?s
9. (a) 222.7 kJ/g 2 2 (b) NH3(aq), NO1(aq),
(c) ethanol DH 5 90.7 kJ/mol 2. Fe21(aq): 0.20 mol/(L?min); NH3NO1(aq)
10. (a) Ga(s) 1 5.59 kJ S Ga(l) (b) HgO(s) 1 90.7 kJ S H1(aq): 0.32 mol/(L?min); (c) no
(b) DH°fGa1s2 5 0, 1 Mn21(aq): 0.040 mol/(L?min);
Hg(l) 1 O2(g) Fe31(aq): 0.20 mol/(L?min);
DH°fGa1l2 5 5.59 kJ 2 Chapter 6 Self-Quiz, p. 395
38. 126.0 kJ/mol H2O(l): 0.16 mol/(L?min) 1. (b) 8. (d) 15. F
5.6 Questions, p. 330 39. 120 kJ 3. (a) (i)  2.5 3 1022 mol/L?s 2. (d) 9. (b) 16. T
3. T 40. (b) 77.2 kJ (ii) 3.0 3 1022 mol/L?s 3. (a) 10. (d) 17. T
Chapter 5 Self-Quiz, p. 337 (c) 13.1 kJ D 3 NO2 4 4. (b) 11. T 18. T
41. (a) 234 kJ/mol, 254 kJ/mol 4. (a) rate 5 a b;
1. (c) 8. (a) 15. T Dt 5. (c) 12. F 19. F
(b) 120 kJ/mol 6. (c) 13. T 20. F
2. (b) 9. T 16. F 4.0 3 1023 mol/L # s
3. (a) 10. F 17. F 42. (a) cyclohexane: 7. (a) 14. F
5. (a) H2SO4 1aq2 1
4. (b) 11. F 18. T 6 C 1s2 1 6 H2 1g2 S
C6H12 1l2 1 156 kJ 2 NaHCO3(aq) S
5. (d) 12. F 19. F Na2SO4 1aq2 1 Chapter 6 Review, pp. 396–402
6. (d) 13. T 20. T 1-hexene: 6 C 1s2 1 6 H2 1g2 S 1. (a)
C6H12 1l2 1 74.2 kJ 2 CO2 1g2 1 2 H2O(l)
7. (d) 14. T 21. F (b) (i)   0.16 g/s 2. (d)
(b) 23920 kJ, 24001.6 kJ 3. (d)
Chapter 5 Review, pp. 338–343 43. (a) 1504 kJ/mol (ii)  9.5 3 1024 mol/s
(iii) 1.9 3 1023 mol/s 4. (b)
1. (d) (b) 1515 kJ/mol 5. (c)
2. (d) (c) 1665 kJ/mol
6.2 Questions, p. 365 6. (b)
3. (a) (d) 2266 kJ/mol 7. (c)
1. (a) nature of reactant
4. (d) 44. (a) 21228 kJ/mol
(b) temperature 8. (c)
5. (b) 45. (a) 2183 kJ, exothermic
(c) surface area 9. (c)
6. (c) (b) 21282 kJ, endothermic
(d) nature of reactant 10. F
7. (a) (c) 2109 kJ, exothermic
(e) catalyst 11. T
8. (a) (d) 21930 kJ, exothermic
(f) concentration 12. T
9. F 46. 218 kJ
(g) temperature 13. F
10. T 47. (a) 227.7 kJ/g
(h) temperature 14. T
11. T 48. 2100.9 kJ
(i) surface area 15. T
12. F 49. 2852 kJ
(j) catalyst 16. F
13. T 50. 44 kJ 17. F
14. F 51. (a) 275 kJ/mol 6.3 Questions, p. 372 18. F
15. F (b) warm 1. (a) rate decreases 19. F
16. F 52. 129 kJ (b) rate increases 20. T
17. F 53. 615 kJ (c) rate increases 38. 2
18. T 54. 2117 kJ (d) rate increases 45. 1 or 2
19. F 56. (a) 21014.4 kJ (e) no change 49. P4(g): 0.00060 mol/L?s;
20. T (b) 2282.9 kJ 5. (c) heterogeneous H2(g): 0.0036 mol/L?s
21. (a) exothermic (c) 2176.2 kJ 6. (a) C2H4(g) 1 HCl(g) S 50. (a) 1.83 3 1025 mol/L?s
(b) exothermic (d) 21409.2 kJ CH3CH2Cl(g) (b) 2.74 3 1025 mol/L?s
(c) exothermic (e) 221.3 kJ 51. 1.94 3 1025 mol/L?s
(d) endothermic (f) 237.1 kJ 6.5 Questions, p. 382 52. (a) 2
22. (a) 54 kJ 57. (a) 2128 kJ 1. rate 5 k[N2O5(g)]; (b) 1
(b) exothermic (b) exothermic k 5 1.19 3 1022 s21 (c) reactants: 0.100 00 mol/L,
26. 362 kJ 1 2. (a) rate 5 k[NOCl(g)]2
58. (a) 3 C(s) 1 3 H2(g) 1 O2(g) 0.05 000 mol/L;
1 2 (b) 6.6 3 1025 L/(mol?s)
27. (a) Na(s) 1 Cl2(g) S S C3H6O(l) product: 0.00 mol/L
2 3. (a) rate 5 k[I2(aq)][OCl2(aq)] (d) 2A 1 B S 3C
NaCl(s) (b) 2256 kJ
1 (b) 3.7 L/(mol?s) 53. (b) 4.0 3 1023 mol/L?s
(b) H2(g) 1 O2(g) S H2O(s) 59. 2256 kJ
2 (c) 8.2 3 1022 mol/(L?s) (c) 7.0 3 1023 mol/L?s
60. (a) 2803 kJ
(c) Pb(s) 1 S(s) 1 2 O2(g) S 4. (a) Cl2(g): 1; NO(g): 2 (d) 1.6 3 1023 mol/L?s
(b) 2755 kJ
PbSO4(s) (b) triple 54. (a) increase
(d) endothermic
(d) 6 C(s) 1 6 H2(g) 1 3 O2(g) catalyst (c) increase four-fold (b) decrease
S C6H12O6(s) 61. (a) C12H22O11(s) S (d) 3.0 L2/(mol2?s) (c) increase
3 12 C(s) 1 11 H2O(g) (e) 8.2 3 1024 mol/(L?s) (d) increase
28. 2 Al(s) 1 O2(g) S Al2O3(s) (b) 2434.3 kJ
2 63. (a) r 5 k 3ClO 2 1aq24 2 3OH2 1aq24
62. (a) C8H18(l) 1 3 H2(g) S 6.6 Questions, p. 387
DHf° 5 21676 kJ/mol; (b) third order
3 CH4(g) 1 2 C2H6(g) 1 4. (a) rate 5 k[O3(g)]2
(c) quadruple
2 Al(s) 1 O2(g) S C3H8(g) (b) 2 O3(g) S 3 O2(g)
2 (d) double
(b) 296.6 kJ (c) O(g)
Al2O3(s) 1 1676 kJ 65. first order; rate 5 k 3 RX 43OH24
64. 2900 g 5. (a) rate 5 k[C4H9Br(aq)]
34. (a) 363 kJ 66. (a) zero order
66. (a) 2.1 3 1011 kJ (b) C4H9Br(aq) 1 2 H2O(l) S
(b) 726 kJ (b) first order
67. (a) propane: 250.4 kJ/g; Br2(aq) 1 C4H9OH 1
(c) 484 kJ (c) order greater than 1
gasoline: 247.7 kJ/g H3O1(aq)
(d) 2726 kJ (d) second order
(b) propane (c) C4H91(aq); C4H9OH21(aq)

740   Appendix C NEL

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 67. (a) Cl2: 1; NO: 2 36. (a) chemical nature of 80. (a) 2 7.2 Questions, p. 436
(b) third order reactants (b) 1 3 SiCl4 1g2 4 3 H2 1g2 4
(c) L2/(mol2?s) (b) temperature (c) 3 1. (a) K 5
3 SiH2 1g2 4 3 Cl2 1g2 4 2
68. rate law: rate 5 k[Mg][O2]2; (c) presence of catalyst (d) yes
rate constant: 2.0 L2/(mol2?s); (d) surface area 87. mechanism 1 or mechanism 3 3 PCl3 1g2 4 2 3 Br2 1g2 4 3
(b) K 5
overall reaction order: 3 (e) concentration 88. step 2 3 PBr3 1g2 4 2 3 Cl2 1g2 4 3
70. (a) rate 5 k 3CH3CSNH2 43OH2 4 43. 3.4 3 105 J; 340 kJ
(c) K 5 3 H2O 1g2 4
(b) 2 44. 657 kJ Unit 4 (d) K 5 3 CO2 1g2 4
(c) CH3CONH2 1 OH2 S 45. 35 J/(g?°C)
Are You Ready?, pp. 416–417 2. 1.6 3 1025
CH3CO2 2 1 NH3 46. 1100 J/g
1. (a) standard ambient 3. 8.0 3 109
71. (a) A: 2; B: 0; C: 1 47. (a) 246.0 kJ/mol
temperature and pressure 5. (a) CO(g) 1 2 H2(g) S
(b) rate 5 48. 614 kJ
(b) liquid, solid CH4O(l)
(440 L2/(mol2?s))[A]2[C] 49. 1.96 3 103 kJ/mol
(c) day 5 (d) 160
(c) step 3 50. 2183 kJ
(d) evaporate 6. (a) C(s) 1 CO2(g) S 2 CO(g)
(d) F, G 51. (a) 2101.5 kJ/mol H2O2
(e) yes 3 CO 1g2 4 2
(f) yes (b) 2274.5 kJ/mol CH3OH (b) K 5
2. (a) Zn(s) 1 2 HCl(aq) S 3 CO 2 1g2 4
(g) no (c) 21140 kJ/mol C2H2F4
ZnCl2(aq) 1 H2(g) (c) 1000 °C
72. A 1 B S P 52. 2643.1 kJ
(b) 14 g
73. (b) 3.0 3 1023 mol/(L?s) 53. (a) C 6H 12O 6 1s2 1 6 O 2 1g2 S 7.4 Questions, p. 446
(c) 0.40 mol/L
(c) oxalic acid: 6 CO 2 1g2 1 6 H 2O 1g2 3. increase
3. (b) H1(aq), NO32(aq)
7.4 3 1023 mol/(L?s), (b) 22802.7 kJ/mol 4. (a) left, K decreases
7. 200 g
carbon dioxide: (c) 22425 kJ/mol (b) right, K increases
8. (a) 4 NH3(g) 1 5 O2(g) S
0.014 mol/(L?s) (d) 22790 kJ/mol (c) exothermic
4 NO(g) 1 6 H2O(g)
55. (a) S(s) 1 O2(g) S SO2(g)
Unit 3 Self-Quiz, pp. 404–405 2 NO(g) 1 O2(g) S
DH 5 2296.8 kJ/mol 7.5 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 452
1. (d) 12.  (d) 23. F 2 NO2(g)
(c) 44.6 kJ 2. Time 1: no, shift left
2. (c) 13.  (c) 24. T 3 NO2(g) 1 H2O(l) S
56. (a) C5H12(g) 1 8 O2(g) S Time 2: yes, no shift
3. (b) 14.  (a) 25. F 2 HNO3(aq) 1 NO(aq)
5 CO2(g) 1 6 H2O(l) 3. (a) K 5 3 O 2 1g2 4
4. (b) 15.  (a) 26. F (b) 16 mol/L
(b) 23536.3 kJ/mol (b) no, shift left
5. (a) 16.  (c) 27. T 10. (a) 2.7 3 1022 mol/L
(c) 1000 kJ
6. (b) 17. T 28. F (b) no 7.5 Questions, p. 459
59. (b) 0.170 mol/L
7. (a) 18. F 29. T 11. (a) balanced chemical: 1. (a) N2 1g2 1 3 H 2 1g2 m
60. (c) (i)   0.092 mol/(L # h)
8. (a) 19. T 30. F 2 NaOH(aq) 1 H2SO4(aq) S 2 NH 3 1g2
(ii)  0.046 mol/(L # h)
9. (c) 20. T 31. T Na2SO4(aq) 1 2 H2O(l); (b) 0.500
(iii) 0.18 mol/(L # h)
10. (c) 21. F 32. F total ionic: 2 Na1(aq) 1 (c) no; right
(d) 0.14 mol/(L # h);
11. (c) 22. F 2 OH2(aq) 1 2 H1(aq) 1 2. (a) no; left
0.058 mol/(L # h)
SO422(aq) S 2 Na1(aq) 1 (b) yes; no shift
Unit 3 Review, pp. 406–413 61. 0.2 mol/(L # min)
SO422(aq) 1 H2O(l); (c) no; left
1. (a) 62. (a) 2.5 3 1022 mol/(L # s)
net ionic: OH2(aq) 1 3. 3 NO2 1g2 4 5 4.28 31021 mol/L;
2. (c) (b) 3.0 3 1022 mol/(L # s)
H1 (aq) S H2O(l) 3 N2O 4 1g2 4 5 2.11 3 10 21 mol/L
3. (c) 63. (a) 25.0 mL/s
(b) double displacement or 4. 3.4
4. (d) (b) 5.8 mL/s
neutralization 5. 5.6 3 1022
5. (c) (c) reactant: methane
(c) burette 6. [SO2(g)] 5 5.45 3 1021 mol/L;
6. (d) product: oxygen
(d) titration [NO2(g)] 5 5.45 3 1021 mol/L;
7. (d) 64. the first reaction
(e) 60.0 mL [SO3(g)] 5 1.06 mol/L;
8. (b) 66. (a) 1.47 mL/s
12. (a) x 5 2.6 3 104 [NO(g)] 5 1.06 mol/L
9. (d) (b) (i)   faster
(b) x 5 0.15 7. 0.20 mol/L
10. (d) (ii)  slower
(c) x 5 −2.6 and x 5 0.88 8. 3.0 3 1026 mol/L
11. (d) (iii) slower
12. (d) 73. (a) (i)   double 7.1 Questions, p. 428 7.6 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 462
(ii)  halved 2. (c) dynamic 1. Ksp 5 3 Mg 21 1aq2 4 3 CO 22
13. F 3 1aq2 4
14. F (iii) quadruple 3. (a) H2(g) 1 I2(g) m 2 HI(g) 2. Ksp 5 3 Fe 31 1aq2 4 3 OH2 1aq2 4 3
15. T 74. (a) 1 4. [SO2] 5 0.75 mol/L;
(b) either [O2] 5 1.1 mol/L; 7.6 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 464
16. F
75. 0.006 3 mol/(L∙s) [SO3] 5 1.8 mol/L 4. copper(I) chloride
17. T
18. T 76. 1.0 3 109 mol/(L∙s) 5. [PCl5(g)] 5 1.80 mol/L;
7.6 Tutorial 3 Practice p. 468
19. F 77. (b) [O2(g)]: [Cl2(g)] 5 0.200 mol/L
1. yes
20. T 2 3 1021 mol/(L # s); 6. (a) no
2. yes
21. F [CO2(g)]: 7.2 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 431 3. no
23. (a) open 1 3 1021 mol/(L # s) 3 CO 1g2 4 2 3 O2 1g2 4 4. yes
(b) closed 78. (a) 2 NO(g) 1 2 H2(g) S (a) K 5
3 CO2 1g2 4 2 7.6 Questions, p. 471
(c) closed N2(g) 1 2 H2O(g)
(d) closed (b) N2O2(g); N2O(g) 3 HCl 1g2 4 4 3 O2 1g2 4 3. (a) BaSO4 1s2 m Ba211aq2 1
(b) K 5 SO22
24. (a) endothermic (c) r 5 k[NO]2 3 Cl2 1g2 4 2 3 H2O 1g2 4 2 4 1aq2

(b) endothermic 79. (a) r 5 k[NO2Cl] 3 O2 1g2 4 3 (b) Ksp 5 3 Ba211aq24 3SO22
4 1aq24

(c) exothermic (b) (ii), (iii) (c) K 5 4. AgBr(s)

(c) no 3 O3 1g2 4 2
(d) exothermic
30. forming a P–Cl bond 3 N2 1g2 4 2 3 H2O 1g2 4 6
(d) K 5
3 NH3 1g2 4 4 3 O2 1g2 4 3

NEL Answers   741

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 741 5/3/12 9:48 AM

 5. 8.31 3 10217 33. left 3 H1 1aq2 4 3 F2 1aq2 4 9. (a) [H1(aq)] 5
6. 2.2 3 1026 34. (a) 3 Z m 2 X 1 Y 8. (a) Ka 5 1.0 3 10212 mol/L;
3 HF 1aq2 4
7. yes, Ca3(PO4)2(s) 37. (a) reactants 3 H1 1aq2 4 3 CO22 [OH2(aq)] 5
3 1aq2 4
8. yes (b) products (b) Ka 5 1.0 3 1022 mol/L
3 HCO23 1aq2 4
9. 1.7 3 1026 mol/L (c) products (b) [H1(aq)] 5
3H11aq243C4H7O2 2 1aq24
11. (a) CaCl2(aq) or Sr(NO3)2(aq) (d) reactants (c) Ka 5 2.9 3 1022 mol/L;
39. no; right 3 HC4H7O2 1aq2 4 [OH2(aq)] 5
Chapter 7 Self-Quiz, p. 479 40. 2.5 3 1021 9. (a) HCHO2 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 m 3.5 3 10213 mol/L
1. (d) 7. (a) 13. F 41. 7.0 3 1021 CHO2 2 1aq2 1 H3O 1aq2 ;
1
(c) [H1(aq)] 5
2. (a) 8. (d) 14. T 42. [CO2(g)] 5 4.42 3 1022 mol/L; acid: HCHO2 1aq2 ; 1.0 3 1023 mol/L;
3. (c) 9. F 15. F [H2(g)] 5 4.42 3 1022 mol/L; base: H2O(l); [OH2(aq)] 5
4. (c) 10. F 16. F [CO(g)] 5 5.58 3 1022 mol/L; conjugate acid: H3O1; 1.0 3 10211 mol/L
5. (c) 11. F [H2O(g)] 5 5.58 3 1022 mol/L conjugate base: CHO2 2 1aq2 (d) [H1(aq)] 5
6. (a) 12. T 43. [I2(g)] 5 4.5 3 1022 mol/L; (b) C17H23NO3 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 4.9 3 10210 mol/L;
Chapter 7 Review, pp. 480–485 [Cl2(g)] 5 4.5 3 1022 mol/L; m HC17H23NO31 1aq2 1 [OH2(aq)] 5
1. (b) [ICl(g)] 5 4.1 3 1021 mol/L OH2 1aq2 ; 2.0 3 1025 mol/L
2. (b) 44. 3.48 3 1023 mol/L acid: H2O(l);
3. (a) 45. [H2(g)] 5 3.6 3 10217 mol/L; base: C17H23NO3(aq); 8.4 Questions, p. 525
4. (c) [Cl2(g)] 5 3.6 3 10217 mol/L; conjugate acid: 1. (a) 2.5 3 1026 mol/L, 5.60
5. (c) [HCl(g)] 5 2.0 mol/L HC17H23NO31(aq); (b) 1.3 3 1022 mol/L, 1.89
6. (b) 46. (a) Ksp 5 [Zn21(aq)][OH2(aq)]2 conjugate base: OH2(aq) (c) 3.7 3 1024 mol/L, 3.43
7. (c) (b) 2.7 3 1026 mol/L (c) HCO2 3 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 m
(d) 5.3 3 1023 mol/L, 2.28
8. T 47. yes H2CO3 1aq2 1 OH2 1aq2 ; 2. (a) 0.50 %
9. F 49. no acid: H2O(l); (b) 0.021 %
10. F 50. lower base: HCO32(aq); (c) 4.0 %
11. T 2 conjugate acid: H2CO3(aq); 3. (a) 7.9 3 1025
51. x (b) 6.3 3 1024
12. F 3 conjugate base: OH2(aq)
13. T 52. (b) 5.5 10. disagree 4. 0.42%
14. T 56. invalid 5. 480 mL
57. K is small 8.2 Questions, p. 509 6. 1.42 3 1024
15. F
58. 6.4 3 1024 g 1. H2O < H2S < HC2H3O2 < 7. 2.61
16. T
H3O1 < HCl 8. sodium bicarbonate
17. (a) (iii)
8.1 Questions, p. 494 2. Cl2 < NO22 < F2 < CN2 9. (a) 6.3 3 1025
(b) (iv)
2. (a) equal 3. (a) 5.6 3 10211 (b) less
(c) (ii)
(b) greater (b) 2.3 3 1028 10. (a) 5.1 %
(d) (i)
(c) less (c) 3.0 3 1027
18. Reaction A: products;
4. (a) HF 1aq2 1 H 2O 1l2 m (d) 1.7 3 1025 8.5 Questions, p. 530
Reaction B: reactants
H 3O 1 1aq2 1 F 2 1aq2 4. (a) 5.9 3 1026 1. (a) 11.47
20. [N2O(g)] 5 1.00 mol/L;
(b) HNO 2 1aq2 1 H 2O 1l2 m (b) 5.9 3 1029 (b) 11.60
[O2(g)] 5 5.00 3 1021 mol/L;
H 3O 1 1aq2 1 NO 2 2 1aq2
(c) 1.3 3 1028 (c) 11.49
[NO(g)] 5 1.00 mol/L
(c) HCO 2 3 1aq2 1 H 2O 1l2 m
(d) 1.0 3 10211 (d) 10.31
21. 9.7 3 1021 mol/L
H 3O 1 1aq2 1 CO 22 3 1aq2
5. (a) [H1(aq)] 5 2. (a) 9.1 3 1028
3 O2 1g2 4 3
23. (a) K 5 (d) HCN 1aq2 1 H 2O 1l2 m 1.0 3 1029 mol/L; basic (b) 1.4 3 10211
3 O3 1g2 4 2 (b) [OH2(aq)] 5 (c) 1.6 3 1025
H 3O 1 1aq2 1 CN2 1aq2
3 H2 1g2 4 4 1.00 3 10215 mol/L; acidic (d) 1.5 3 10211
(b) K 5 6. (a) acid: HNO2(aq); conjugate
3 H2O 1g2 4 4 base: NO22(aq); base: (c) [OH2(aq)] 5 3. (a) 9.94
(c) K 5 3 N2 1g2 4 3 H2O 1g2 4 2 H2O(l); conjugate acid: 2.0 3 1028 mol/L; acidic (b) 9.50
3 NO 1g2 4 2 3 Cl2 1g2 4 H3O1(aq) (d) [H1(aq)] 5 4. (a) [H1(aq)] 5
(d) K 5 1.3 3 1024 mol/L; acidic 1.1 3 10212 mol/L;
3 NOCl 1g2 4 2 (b) acid: H2O, conjugate base:
OH2; (e) [OH2(aq)] 5 [OH2(aq)] 5 1.1 3 1022 mol/L;
24. (a) N2 g 1O2 1g2 m 2 NO 1g2
1 2
base: NH3, conjugate acid: 1.4 3 1021 mol/L; basic pH 5 11.95
(b) 2 NOBr 1g2 m
NH41 (f) [H1(aq)] 5 (b) [H1(aq)] 5
2 NO 1g2 1 Br2 1g2
7. (a) H3PO4 1aq2 1 NH3 1aq2 m 8.3 3 1029 mol/L; basic 2.1 3 10210 mol/L;
(c) 3 H2 1g2 1 CO 1g2 m
6. (a) [H1(aq)] 5 5.9 3 1024; [OH2(aq)] 5 4.7 3 1025 mol/L;
H2PO2 4 1aq2 1 NH4 1aq2 ;
1
CH4 1g2 1 H2O 1g2
acid: H3PO4 1aq2 ; [OH2(aq)] 5 1.7 3 10211 pH 5 9.67
(d) CS2 1g2 1 4 H2 1g2 m
(b) [H1(aq)] 5 3.8 3 10214; 5. [OH -(aq)] = 0.00080 mol/L;
CH4 1g2 1 2 H2S 1g2 base: NH3 1aq2 ;
[OH2(aq)] 5 2.6 3 1021 pOH = 3.10; pH = 10.90
25. 1.02 3 101 conjugate acid: NH41 1aq2 ;
(c) [H1(aq)] 5 6.0 3 1023; 6. (a) [OH2(aq)] 5 0.45 mol/L;
26. 1.66 3 1021 mol/L conjugate base: H2PO2 4 1aq2 ;
[OH2(aq)] 5 1.7 3 10212 pOH 5 0.35; pH 5 13.65
27. 2.9 3 102 amphiprotic entity:
(d) [H1(aq)] 5 1.1 3 1029; (b) [OH2(aq)] 5 3.75 mol/L;
28. 4.30 3 1021 mol/L H2PO42(aq)
[OH2(aq)] 5 8.9 3 1026 pOH 5 20.57; pH 5 14.57
29. 7.57 3 1021 mol/L (b) HCHO2(aq) 1CN2(aq) m
7. (a) 10.21 7. 2.2 mol/L
30. 2.7 3 1023 mol/L HCN 1aq2 1 CHO2 2 1aq2 ;
(b) 0.85 9. (a) HCO22 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 m
31. (a) H2 1g2 1 I2 1g2 m acid: HCHO2 1aq2 ; (c) 9.02 HCO2H 1aq2 1 OH 2 1aq2 ;
2 HI 1g2 1 energy base: CN2 1aq2 ; 8. (a) 3.51 3 HCO2H 1aq2 4 3 OH 2 1aq2 4
(b) right conjugate acid: HCN 1aq2 ; (b) 7.00 Kb 5
(c) left 3 HCO22 1aq2 4
conjugate base: CHO2 2 1aq2 (c) 10.16
32. left

742   Appendix C NEL

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 742 5/3/12 9:48 AM

 (b) HCO2H 1aq2 1 H2O m 4. (b) 8. (d) 12. F (d) 0.60 80. (a) 3 NO2(g) 1 H2O(l) S
HCO22 1aq2 1 H3O 1 1aq2 ; 13. F 16. F 19. F (e) 13.65 NO(g) 1 2 HNO3(aq);
14. F 17. T 20. F (f) 10.08 SO2(g) 1 H2O(l) S
3 HCO2 2 1aq2 4 3 H 1 1aq2 4
Ka 5 15. F 18. F 21. T (g) 11.8 H2SO3(aq);
3 HCO2H 1aq2 4 32. pOH 5 14.00 2 pH acidic solutions
10. (a) no Chapter 8 Review, pp. 576–581
33. H2O(l) m H1(aq) 1 OH2(aq) 81. (a) 200 mL
(b) too dilute 1. (b)
34. 1.0 3 1026 mol/L (b) (i)  H2A(aq), H2O(l)
2. (b)
8.6 Tutorial 3 Practice, p. 538 36. large (ii) H2A(aq), HA2(aq),
3. (a)
1. basic 37. 1.80 3 1025 H2O(l), Na1(aq)
4. (b)
2. acidic 39. 6.4 (iii) HA2(aq), H2O(l),
5. (d)
40. (a) [OH2(aq)] 5 Na1(aq)
8.6 Questions, p. 539 6. (c)
1.0 3 1027 mol/L; neutral (iv) HA2(aq), A22(aq),
1. (a) neutral 7. (c)
(b) [OH-(aq)] 5 1.2 3 1029 H2O(l), Na1(aq)
(b) basic 8. (d)
mol/L; acidic (v) A22(aq), H2O(l),
(c) acidic 9. (c)
(c) [OH2(aq)] 5 Na1(aq)
2. (a) greater 10. (b)
1.0 3 1022 mol/L; basic (vi) A22(aq), H2O(l),
(b) less 11. (d)
(d) [OH2(aq)] 5 Na1(aq), OH2(aq)
(c) 7 12. (b)
1.9 3 10210 mol/L; acidic (c) Ka1 5 1.0 3 1024;
4. (a) 4.88 13. (b)
41. 1 3 10210 mol/L Ka2 5 1.0 3 1028
(b) 7.00 14. F
42. (a) products 89. no
(c) 7.00 15. T
(b) reactants 90. no
(d) 0.767 16. F
(c) reactants
(e) 9.60 17. F
43. (a) endothermic Unit 4 Self-Quiz, pp. 584–585
(f) 10.71 18. T
(b) [H1(aq)] 5 1. (a) 15. (c) 29. F
5. (a) 2.81 19. F
2.3 3 1027 mol/L; 2. (b) 16. (c) 30. T
(b) calcium oxide 20. T
[OH2(aq)] 5 3. (c) 17. (b) 31. F
21. F
8.7 Questions, p. 557 2.3 3 1027 mol/L 4. (c) 18. (c) 32. F
22. T
1. 1.447 mol/L 45. 11 % 5. (a) 19. T 33. T
23. F
2. (a) 0.00375 mol; pH 5 0.602 46. [HCO32(aq)] 5 6. (b) 20. T 34. T
24. T
(b) 0.00125 mol; pH 5 2.903 1.5 3 1024 mol/L; 7. (d) 21. F 35. F
25. (a) (vi)
(c) 7.000 [CO322(aq)] 5 8. (b) 22. T 36. T
(b) (vii)
3. (a) 0.31 mol/L 4.7 3 10211 mol/L; 9. (a) 23. F 37. F
(c) (iii)
(b) 4.88 [OH2(aq)] 5 10. (b) 24. F 38. T
(d) (xi)
4. (a) 0.59 mol/L 4.7 3 10211 mol/L 11. (b) 25. F 39. F
(e) (iv)
(b) 1.5 3 1022 mol 47. 1.80 3 1025 12. (d) 26. T 40. T
(f) (ix)
(c) 8.63 48. 2.9 13. (c) 27. T
(g) (x)
5. (a) 50.0 mL 49. (a) neutral 14. (a) 28. F
(h) (viii)
(b) 2.01 (b) acidic
(i) (i) Unit 4 Review, pp. 586–593
(c) 8.49 (c) basic
(j) (ii) 1. (d)
6. 4.90 52. (a) colourless
(k) (v) 2. (c)
7. yes (b) green
27. (a) base 3. (a)
8. (a) 5.00 3 1023 mol; (c) yellow
(b) acid 4. (b)
pH 5 2.872 53. 3.38
(c) base 5. (b)
(b) 7.2 3 1023 mol; pH 5 2.833 54. 8.4 mL
(d) acid 6. (d)
(c) 1.73 55. (a) NH3 1 H2O S
28. (a) acid: H3PO4 1aq2 ; 7. (b)
(d) amount: 5.00 mmol; NH41 1 OH2
base: H2O 1l2 ; 8. (b)
volume: 50.00 mL (b) right
conjugate acid: H3O1 1aq2 ; 56. citrate ion 9. (c)
8.8 Questions, p. 567 conjugate base: H2PO42 1aq2 61. acid with Ka of 1 3 1026 10. (d)
2. weak acid or base and its salt (b) acid: H2O 1l2 ; base: NH3 1aq2 ; 66. hydrofluoric acid 11. (a)
3. (a) H3PO4 1 H2O(l) S conjugate acid: NH41 1aq2 ; 67. Ka1 . Ka2 . Ka3 12. (c)
H3O1(aq) 1 H2PO42(aq); conjugate base: OH 2 1aq2 68. no 13. (c)
conjugate base: H2PO42(aq) (c) acid: HBr 1aq2 ; base: H2O 1l2 ; 69. (a) stronger 14. (c)
(b) H2CO3(aq) 1 H2O(l) S conjugate acid: H3O1 1aq2 ; 72. (a) 2.72 15. (c)
H3O1(aq) 1 HCO32; conjugate base: Br 2 1aq2 (b) 2.87 16. (b)
conjugate base: HCO32(aq) (d) acid: H2O 1l2 ; base: CN_ 1aq2 ; (c) 3.02 17. (a)
(c) HSO32(aq) 1 H2O(l) S conjugate acid: HCN 1aq2 ; (d) 3.22 18. (a)
H3O1(aq) 1 SO322(aq); conjugate base: OH 1aq2 (e) 8.78 19. (d)
conjugate base: SO322(aq) 29. (a) fluoride ion; F2 (f) 12.15 20. (b)
(d) ClO2(aq) 1 H2O(l) S (b) hydronium ion; H3O1 74. methyl yellow 21. (a)
HClO(aq) 1 OH2(aq); (c) hydroxide ion; OH2 76. no 22. (d)
conjugate acid: HClO(aq) (d) ammonium ion; NH41 77. (a) 7.93 23. F
7. 4.02 30. HSO42(aq) 1 H2O(l) m 78. (a) lungs: Hb(O2)4; 24. T
8. 8.73 H3O1(aq) 1 SO422(aq); cells: HbH441(aq) 25. F
Chapter 8 Self-Quiz, p. 575 HSO4 (aq) 1 HNO31(aq) m
2
79. (a) [H1(aq)] 5 26. T
1. (a) 5. (b) 9. (d) H2SO4(aq) 1 NO32(aq) 9.0 3 1027 mol/L; 27. F
2. (c) 6. (d) 10. F 31. (a) 2.4 pH 5 3.02 28. F
3. (c) 7. (c) 11. T (b) 7 (b) 0.079 % 29. T
(c) 5.14 30. T

NEL Answers   743

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 743 5/3/12 9:48 AM

 31. F 72. (a) 5.62 117. (a) 5.0 (b) oxidation: Pb(s) S
32. T (b) 6.00 (b) 1 3 10210 Pb21(aq) 1 2e2 ; reduction:
33. F (c) 6.636 118. 4.74 Ag1(aq) 1 e2 S Ag(s)
34. F (d) 8.04 119. (a) 8.1 (c) oxidation: Fe21(aq) S
35. T 73. (a) [H1(aq)] 5 (b) pH 7.00: 0.083; pH 9.00: 8.30 Fe31(aq) 1 e2 ; reduction:
36. T 7.9 3 1027 mol/L; (c) buffer pH: 8.08; pH after: 7.95 I2(s) 1 2e2 S 2I2 (aq)
37. F [OH2(aq)] 5 120. (a) 9.26 2. (a) oxidized: Co(s);
38. F 1.3 3 1028 mol/L (b) 9.17 reduced: Sn21(aq)
39. T (b) [H1(aq)] 5 (c) drop from 7 to 2 (b) oxidized: Pb(s);
40. F 9.8 3 10211 mol/L; 121. highest: b; lowest: a reduced: Ag1(aq)
41. F [OH2(aq)] 5 (c) oxidized: Fe21(aq)
42. F 1.0 3 1024 mol/L Unit 5 reduced: I2(s)
43. T 74. (a) [H1(aq)] 5 3. (a) oxidation: Ni(s) S
Are You Ready?, pp. 596–597
44. T 1.0 3 1027 mol/L; neutral Ni21(aq) 1 2e2; reduction:
1. (a) atom
45. T (b) [H1(aq)] 5 Cu21(aq) 1 2e2 S Cu(s);
(b) ion
46. F 1.5 3 1026 mol/L; acidic spectator ion: Cl2(aq)
(c) ion
47. F (c) [OH2(aq)] 5 (b) oxidation: Cr21(aq) S
(d) atom
48. F 1.6 3 1023 mol/L; basic Cr31(aq) 1 e2; reduction:
(e) atom
49. T 75. (a) 12.25 Sn21(aq) 1 2e2 S Sn(s);
2. (a) loses 1 electron
50. T (b) 0.59 spectator ion: NO32(aq)
(b) gains 1 electron
51. F (c) 4.00 4. (a) Cl2(g) 1 2KI(aq) S
(c) gains 2 electrons
52. F 76. 5.0 3 10212 mol/L I2(s) 1 2KCl(aq)
(d) loses 2 electrons
53. T 77. 11.33 (b) Cl2(g) 1 2I2(aq) S
4. (a) gains electrons; negative
54. (a) (i) 78. (a) 2.5 3 1023 mol/L I2(s) 1 2Cl2(aq)
(b) lose electrons; positive
(b) (iv) (b) acid (c) oxidation: 2I2(aq) S
6. (a) acidic
(c) (iii) 79. 1.0 3 1027 mol/L I2(s) 1 2e2; reduction:
(b) neutralization
(d) (ii) 80. H2SO4(aq) S H1(aq) 1 Cl2(g) 1 2e2 S 2Cl2(aq)
7. (a) acid–base neutralization or
58. no HSO42(aq); HSO42(aq) m (d) oxidized: chlorine;
double displacement
3 C 4c 3 D 4d H1(aq) 1 SO422(aq) reduced: iodide
59. K 5 (b) single displacement
3 A 4a 3 B 4b 81. basic; K2O 1s2 1 H2O 1l2 m
(c) complete combustion 9.1 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 604
3 NO 4 2 2 K1 1aq2 1 2 OH2 1aq2
60. (a) K 5 (d) double displacement 1. (a) 0
82. (a) basic
3 N2 4 3 O2 4 9. (a) 4 K(s) 1 O2(g) S (b) 14
(b) acidic
3 NO2 4 2 2 K2O(s) (c) 11
(b) K 5 (c) neutral
3 N2O4 4 (b) 2 Al(s) 1 6 HCl(aq) S (d) 15
(d) acidic
3 SiCl4 4 3 H2 4 2 3 H2(g) 12 AlCl3(aq) (e) −3
87. (a) K 5 3 CO2 1g2 4
(c) K 5 (c) C2H4(g) 1 3 O2(g) S 2. (a) 12
3 SiH4 4 3 Cl2 4 2 88. (a) N2(g) 1 3 H2(g) m
2 CO2(g) 1 2 H2O(g) (b) −4
3 PCl3 4 2 3 Br2 4 3 2 NH3(g)
(d) K 5 (d) 2 Fe(NO3)3(aq) 1 (c) 14
3 PBr3 4 2 3 Cl2 4 3 89. (a) yes
3 K2CO3(aq) S (d) 0
61. 4 molecules H2O; (b) right
6 KNO3(aq) 1 Fe2(CO3)3(s) 3. (a) 14
2 molecules CO; (c) yes
10. (a) reactants: hydrogen ions, (b) 14
4 molecules H2; (d) no
hydroxide ions; (c) 16
4 molecules CO2 94. (a) (i)  sulfurous acid;
products: water, ionic (d) 17
62. (a) left H2SO3(aq)
compound (a salt) 4. (a) Na: 11; C: 14; O: 22
(b) left (ii) perchloric acid;
(b) H2SO4(aq) 1 2 KOH(aq) S (b) K: 11; Cr: 16; O: 22
(c) right HClO4(aq)
K2SO4 1aq2 1 2 H2O 1l2 (c) H: 11; Cl: 17; O: 22
(d) no shift (iii) phosphoric acid;
(c) 4 mol (d) Cu: 12; P: 15; O: 22
64. no; right H3PO4(aq)
11. (a) Zn 1s2 1 2 HCl 1aq2 S
95. products 9.1 Tutorial 3 Practice, p. 606
65. (a) H2SO4(aq) ZnCl2 1aq2 1 H2 1g2
101. (b) high temperatures 1. (a) oxidized: Cu(s);
(b) H2O(l) (c) Zn 1s2 1 2 H1 1aq2 S
103. [H2(g)] 5 0.141 mol/L; reduced: Ag1(aq)
(c) H3O1(aq) Zn21 1aq2 1 H2 1g2
[Br2(g)] 5 0.021 mol/L; (b) oxidized: Fe(s);
(d) HSO42(aq) 12. (a) precipitate forms
[HBr(g)]5 0.398 mol/L reduced: O2(g)
66. (a) HBr 1aq2 m (b) Pb211aq2 12 I21aq2 S PbI21s2
105. acid rain 2. (a) oxidizing agent: HCl(aq);
H1 1aq2 1 Br2 1aq2 13. (a) 1.0 mol/L AgNO3(aq)
106. 13.504 reducing agent: Zn(s)
(b) HC2H3O2 1aq2 m (b) 2 AgNO3(aq) 1
107. 1.89 (b) oxidizing agent: SnO2(s);
H1 1aq2 1 C2H3O2 2 1aq2 K2CO3(aq) S
108. 2.24 reducing agent: C(s)
(c) HCHO2 m Ag2CO3(s) 1 2 KNO3(aq) 3. (a) H: 11; S: 22; O: 0; S: 14;
110. (a) 2.09
H1 1aq2 1 CHO22 1aq2 (c) 2 Ag1 1aq2 1 CO3221aq2 S O: 22; H: 11;
(b) yes
67. (a) CH3NH31(aq), Ag2CO3 1s2 oxidizing agent: O2(g);
111. (a) 2.4
CH3NH2(aq); MnO2
reducing agent: H2S(g)
(b) 6.54 16. (a) 2 H2O2(aq) h
ClO2(aq), HClO(aq) (b) C: 24; H: 11; O: 0; C: 14;
(c) 10.09 2 H2O(l) 1 2 O2(g)
(b) HSO42(aq), SO422(aq); O: 22; H: 11;
(d) 5.14
HC2O42(aq), C2O422(aq) 9.1 Tutorial 1 Practice, oxidizing agent: O2(g);
(e) 0.60
68. C6H5NH31(aq) pp. 601–602 reducing agent: CH4(g)
(f) 13.65
69. NH3(aq) 1 H2O(l) m 1. (a) oxidation: Co(s) S
112. 10.7 9.1 Questions, p. 607
NH41(aq) 1 OH2(aq) Co21(aq) 1 2e2 ; reduction:
115. 8.42 2. (a) oxidation: Mg 1s2 S
70. pH 1 pOH 5 14.00 Sn21(aq) 1 2e2 S Sn(s)
116. (b) yes Mg211aq2 1 2 e2;
71. 100 times

744   Appendix C NEL

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 744 5/3/12 9:49 AM

 reduction: 2 H1 1aq2 1 5. (a) iodine gains 5 electrons, 7. (a) 16 H1 1aq2 12Cr2O7221aq2 1 (b) H2O(l), Fe21(aq);
2 e2 S H2 1g2 sulfur loses 2 electrons. C2H5OH 1l2 S strongest: Fe21(aq)
(b) oxidation: 2 Al 1s2 S (b) 2 IO32 1aq2 15 SO3221aq2 1 4 Cr31 1aq2 1 2 CO2 1g2 1 6. (a) oxidation: Au 1s2 S
2 Al31 1aq2 1 6 e2; 2 H1 1aq2 S 5 SO4221aq2 1 11 H2O 1l2 Au31 1aq2 1 3 e2;
reduction: 2 Fe31 1aq2 1 I2 1s2 1 H2O 1l2 8. (a) oxidation: H2O2 1aq2 S reduction: NO32 1aq2 1
6 e2 S 2 Fe 1l2 6. (a) chromium loses 3 electrons, O2 1g2 1 2 H 11aq2 1 2 e2; 2 H1 1aq2 1 e2 S
3. (a) 0 chlorine gains 6 electrons. reduction: NO2 1g2 1 H2O 1l2
(b) 16 (b) 2 Cr 1OH2 31s2 1ClO32 1aq2 1 5 e2 18 H11aq2 1 (b) no
(c) 22 4 OH21aq2 S 2 CrO4221aq21 MnO2 21
4 1aq2 S Mn 1aq2 1 7. (a) Cu: Cu1, Au31; Au: none;
(d) 21 Cl2 1aq2 1 5H2O 1l2 4 H2O 1l2 Zn: Cu1, Au31, Co21;
(e) 12 (b) 6 H1 1aq2 1 2 MnO42 1aq2 1 Co: Cu1, Au31
9.2 Tutorial 2 Practice, p. 616
(f) 23 5 H2O2 1aq2 S (b) oxidizing agent: Au31;
1. (a) Zn 1s2 1 2 H1 1aq2 S
(g) 13 2 Mn211aq2 1 5 O2 1g2 1 reducing agent: Zn(s)
Zn21 1aq2 1 H2 1g2
(h) 17 8 H2O 1l2 8. (a) Cu21(aq), Pb21(aq),
(b) 2 HNO3 1aq2 1 Cu 1s2 1
(i) 22 9. 2 H1(aq) 1 2 NO32(aq) 1 Fe21(aq), Ba21(aq)
2 H1 1aq2 S 2 NO2 1g2 1
(j) 14 SO322(aq) S SO422(aq) 1 (b) Cu21 1aq2 1 Pb 1s2 S
Cu21 1aq2 1 2 H2O 1l2
4. (a) oxidized: carbon; 2 NO2(g) 1 H2O(l) 2 Cu 1s2 1 Pb21 1aq2
2. (a) oxidation: CH3OH 1aq2 1
reduced: hydrogen 10. (a) 3 Cl2(g) 1 6 OH2(aq) S
8 OH2 1aq2 S CO322 1aq2 1 Chapter 9 Self-Quiz, p. 627
(b) oxidized: iron; 5 Cl2(aq) 1 ClO32(aq) 1
4 e2 1 6 H2O 1l2 ; 1. (b) 7. (b) 13. F
reduced: manganese H2O(l)
reduction: 2. (c) 8. (c) 14. T
(c) oxidized: copper; (b) Cl2: Cl 5 0;
MnO42 1aq2 1 e2 S 3. (d) 9. F 15. F
reduced: silver OH2: O 5 22, H 5 11;
MnO422 1aq2 4. (b) 10. T 16. F
5. (a) increases Cl2 5 21; ClO32:
(b) CH3OH 1aq2 1 5. (c) 11. F 17. F
(b) decreases Cl 5 15, O 5 22; H2O:
4 MnO42 1aq2 1 6. (a) 12. T
6. (b) oxidizing agent: SiCl4; H 5 11, O 5 22
reducing agent: Mg; 8 OH2 1aq2 S CO322 1aq2 1
4 MnO4221aq2 1 6 H2O 1l2 9.3 Tutorial 1 Practice, p. 622 Chapter 9 Review, pp. 628–633
reduced: Si; oxidized: Mg 1. (a)
(c) oxidizing agent: H2O; 1. (a) oxidation: Co 1s2 S
9.2 Questions, p. 617 2. (c)
reducing agent: CO; Co211aq2 12 e2,
1. (a) oxidation: 3. (a)
reduced: H; oxidized: C reduction:
Mg 1s2 S Mg21 1aq2 1 2 e2; 4. (c)
7. (a) reactants: P 5 23; H 5 11; Cu21 1aq2 1 2 e2 S Cu 1s2 ;
reduction: 5. (b)
O 5 0; spontaneous
2 H 1 1aq2 1 2 e2 S H2 1g2 6. (d)
products: P 5 15, O 5 22; (b) oxidation: 2 I2 1aq2 S
(b) Mg 1s2 1 2 HCl 1aq2 S 7. (a)
H 5 11 I2 1s2 1 2 e2,
MgCl2 1aq2 1 H2 1g2 8. (b)
(b) reactants: K 5 11; Cl 5 15; reduction: Br2 1l2 1 2 e2 S
(c) 2 9. (a)
O 5 22; 2 Br2 1aq2 ;
2. (a) oxidation: Cu 1s2 S 10. F
products: K 5 11; Cl 5 21, spontaneous
Cu 11aq2 1 2 e2 ; 11. T
O50 (c) oxidation: Ni 1s2 S
reduction: 12. F
(c) reactants: Pb 5 0, Pb in Ni21 1aq2 1 2 e2,
Ag 1 1aq2 1 e2 S Ag 1s2 13. T
PbO25 14; O 5 22; H 5 reduction:
(b) oxidation: 2 Cr31 1aq2 1 14. T
11; S 5 16; Zn21 1aq2 1 2 e2 S Zn 1s2 ;
7 H2O 1l2 S Cr2O722 1aq2 1 15. F
products: Pb 5 12; not spontaneous
14 H1 1aq2 1 6 e2; 16. F
S 5 16; O 5 22; H 5 11 2. not spontaneous
reduction: Cl2 1g2 1 2 e2 S 17. F
9. (a) CO2 5 14; C6H12O6 5 0 3. yes, oxidation: Ca 1s2 S
2 Cl2 1aq2 18. T
10. CO2 5 14; CH2O2 5 12; Ca21 1aq2 1 2 e2,
(c) oxidation: Ca(s) S 19. (a) (iii)
CH2O: 0; CH4O: 22; CH4: 24 reduction: 2 H2O 1l2 1 2 e2 S
Ca21(aq) 1 2 e2 ; (b) (ii)
H2 1g2 1 2 OH2 1aq2 ;
reduction: 2 H1(aq) 1 (c) (v)
9.2 Tutorial 1 Practice, spontaneous;
2 e2 S H2(g) (d) (vii)
pp. 613–614 Ca 1s2 1 2 H2O 1l2 S
3. (a) 3 H2O 1l2 1 5 ClO32 1aq2 1 (e) (i)
1. 3 PbO2 1s2 1 4 NH3 1g2 S Ca 1OH2 2 1s2 1 H2 1g2
3 I2 1aq2 S 5 Cl2 1aq2 1 (f) (vi)
2 N2 1g2 1 6 H2O 1l2 1 3 Pb 1s2 4. MnO42 1aq2 1 8 H1 1aq2 1
6 IO32 1aq2 1 6 H1 1aq2 (g) (iv)
2. 2 H2S 1g2 1 O2 1g2 S 5 Cr211aq2 S 5 Cr311aq2 1
(b) Cr2O7221aq2 1 6 Cl2 1aq2 1 20. (a) oxidation: Cr21(aq) S
2 S 1s2 1 2 H2O 1l2 Mn21 1aq2 1 4 H2O 1l2
14 H1 1aq2 S 2 Cr31 1aq2 1 Cr31(aq) 1 e2;
3. (a) 2 MnO42 1aq2 1 Br21aq2 1
3 Cl2 1aq2 1 7 H2O 1l2 9.3 Questions, p. 623 reduction: Cu1(aq) 1 e2 S
2 H1 1aq2 S 2 MnO2 1s2 1
4. (a) Pb 1OH2 4221aq2 1ClO21aq2 S 1. Au31(aq) > Hg21(aq) > Cu(s)
BrO32 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2
PbO2 1s2 1 Cl2 1aq2 1 Cu21(aq) > Sn21(aq) (b) oxidation: Fe(s) S
(b) I2 1s2 1 5 OCl2 1aq2 1
2 OH2 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 3. (a), (b) Fe31(aq) 1 3e2 ;
H2O 1l2 S 2 IO32 1aq2 1
(b) 5 H2O 1l2 1 NO22 1aq2 1 4. (a) Cu21 1aq2 1 Fe 1s2 S reduction: Au31(aq) 1
5 Cl2 1aq2 1 2 H1 1aq2
2 Al 1s2 1 OH2 1aq2 S Fe21 1aq2 1 Cu 1s2 3e2 S Au(s)
4. (a) 2 MnO42 1aq2 1
NH3 1aq2 1 2 Al 1OH2 42 1aq2 (b) yes (c) oxidation: 2 I2(aq) S
3 SO322 1aq2 1
5. (a) 5 electrons 5. (a) H1(aq), K1(aq), H2O(l), I2(s) 1 2e2;
H2O 1l2 S 3 SO422 1aq2 1
(b) 2 electrons Fe21(aq), SO422(aq), reduction: Br2(l) 1 2e2 S
2 MnO2 1s2 1 2 OH2 1aq2
(c) 16 H11aq2 12 MnO42 1aq2 1 MnO42(aq); 2 Br2(aq)
(b) S22 1aq2 1 4 I2 1s2 1
5 C2O4221aq2S 2 Mn211aq2 1 strongest: MnO42(aq) 21. (a) 21
8 OH2 1aq2 S SO4221aq2 1
10 CO2 1aq2 1 8 H2O 1l2 (b) 22
8 I2 1aq2 1 4 H2O 1l2
6. (a) 4 Ag 1s2 1 8 CN 1aq2 1
2
(c) 23
O2 1g2 1 2 H2O 1l2 S (d) 13
4 Ag 1CN2 22 1aq2 14 OH2 1aq2 (e) 14

NEL Answers   745

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 745 5/3/12 9:49 AM

 22. (a) N: 1 3; Cl: 21 32. Li(s), K(s), Cs(s), Ba(s), Ca(s), 45. (a) 2 MnO42(aq) 1 (iv) 8 HNO3(aq) 1
(b) Se: 1 4; O: 22 Na(s), La(s), Mg(s) 5 C2O422(aq) 1 16 H1(aq) S 3 Cu(s) S 2 NO(g) 1
(c) Si: 1 4; S: 22 34. yes 2 Mn21(aq) 1 10 CO2(g) 1 3 Cu(NO3)2(aq) 1
(d) S: 1 6; F: 21 35. HNO3 > NO2 > NaNO2 > 8 H2O(l) 4 H2O(l)
(e) S: 1 2; Cl: 21 N2O > NH4Cl (b) 2 MnO42(aq) 1 3CN2(aq) 1 56. (a) first equation: reactants,
23. (a) O: 22; H: 11 38. no H2O(l) S 2 MnO2(s) 1 H: 11, O: 22, Cl: 11, N: 23,
(b) Cl: 1 5; O: 22 39. no; 2 AgNO3(aq) 1 Cu(s) S 3 OCN2(aq) 1 2 OH2(aq) H: 11; products: H: 11, O: 22,
(c) Cl: 1 3; O: 22 2 Ag(s) 1 Cu(NO3)2(aq) (c) Pb(s) 1 PbO2(s) 1 Cl: 11, N: 23;
(d) S: 1 6; O: 22 40. (a) NH3(g) 1 O2(g) S 4 H1(aq) S 2 Pb21(aq) 1 4HOCl 1aq2 1 2NH3 1aq2 S
(e) S: 17; O: 22 NO2(g) 1 H2O(g) 2 H2O(l) 2 NHCl2 1g2 1 4 H2O 1l2 ;
(f) C: 0; H: 11: O: 22 (b) in reactants, N: 23; H: 1 1; 46. yes second equation: reactants,
24. a, d, e O: 0; 47. Ca(s) > Al(s) > Cr(s) > Cd(s) > H: 11, O: 22, Cl: 11, N: 23,
25. (a) oxidation: 2 H2O(l) S in products: N: 1 4; Pb(s) > Cu(s) products:, O: 22, Cl: 21,
O2(g) 1 4 H1(aq) 1 4e2; H: 11; O: 22 50. (a) reactants: Fe 5 0, O 5 0; N: 1 3, H: 11;
reduction: Au31(aq) 1 (c) oxidation: NH3 1 2 H2O S products: Fe 5 13, O 5 22; 3 HOCl 1aq2 1 NH3 1aq2 S
3e2 S Au(s) NO2 1 7 H1 1 7 e2; electron transfer: 12; NCl3 1aq2 1 3 H2O 1l2
(b) 6 H2O(l) 1 4Au31(aq) S reduction: O2 1 4 H1 1 oxidizing agent: O2; 57. (a) (i)   yes
3 O2(g) 1 4Au(s) 1 4e2 S 2 H2O reducing agent: Fe (ii) yes
12 H1(aq) (d) 4 NH3(g) 1 7 O2(g) S (b) reactants: Ni 5 12, O 5 22, (iii) no
26. (a) oxidation: Pb(s) S 4 NO2(g) 1 6H2O(g) H 5 0; (iv) yes
Pb21(aq) 1 2 e2; 42. (a) oxidation: Pb(s) S products: Ni 5 0, H 5 11, (c) (i)  Fe2(SO4)3(aq) 1
reduction: Cu 21(aq) 1 Pb21(aq) 1 2 e; O 5 22; Cu(s) S 2FeSO4(aq)
2 e2 S Cu(s) reduction: Cu21(aq) 1 electron transfer: 2; 1 CuSO4(aq)
(b) oxidation: Fe(s) S 2 e2 S Cu(s); oxidizing agent: NiO; (ii) CuCl2(aq) 1 Fe(s) S
Fe21(aq) 1 2 e2; balanced net ionic: reducing agent: H2 FeCl2(aq) 1 Cu(s)
reduction: 2 HNO2 (aq) Cu21(aq) 1 Pb(s) S (c) reactants: Fe 5 13, O 5 22, (iv) 2 AgNO3(aq) 1
1 4 H1(aq) 1 4 e2 S Pb21(aq) 1 Cu(s) C 5 12, O 5 22; Cu(s) S Cu(NO3)2(aq)
N2O(g) 1 3 H2O(l) (b) oxidation: Fe(s) S products: Fe 5 0, C 5 14, 1 2 Ag(s)
(c) oxidation: : Co(s) S Fe21(aq) 1 2e2; C 5 22; 58. (a) Metal X
Co21(aq) 1 2 e2; reduction: 2 HNO2 (aq) 1 electron transfer: 6; (b) Ag1
reduction: O2(g) 1 2 H2O(l) 4 H1(aq) 1 4e2 S oxidizing agent: Fe2O3; 59. (a) NO32: 15; NO22: 13;
1 4 e2 S 4OH2(aq) N2O(g) 1 3 H2O(l); reducing agent: CO N2: 0; NO: 12; NO2: 14;
(d) oxidation: Ag(s) S balanced net ionic: (d) reactants: Cu 5 0, H 5 11, HNO3: 15; HNO2: 13
Ag1(aq) 1 e2; 2 HNO2 (aq) 1 4 H1(aq) 1 N 5 15, O 5 22; (b) oxidized
reduction: Br2(l) 1 2e2 S 2 Fe(s) S 2 Fe21(aq) 1 products: Cu 5 12, (c) reaction with oxygen: O2(g)
2 Br2(aq) N2O(g) 1 3 H2O(l) N 5 15, O 5 22, oxidizing agent;
(e) oxidation: Al(s) S (c) oxidation: Co(s) S H 5 11, N 5 14; reaction with water: NO2(g)
Al31(aq) 1 3 e2; Co21(aq) 1 2 e2; electron transfer: 2; reducing agent and
reduction: Fe21(aq) 1 reduction: O2(g) 1 oxidizing agent: HNO3; oxidizing agent
2e2 S Fe(s) 2 H2O(l) 1 4e2 S reducing agent: Cu 62. no
(f) oxidation: H2S(aq) S 4 OH2(aq); 52. yes 63. (a) Ca(s)
S(s) 1 2H1(aq) 1 2e2; balanced net ionic: 53. (a) oxidized: Cr21(aq) by 64. no
reduction: Na1(aq) 1 O2(g) 1 2 H2O(l) 1 1 electron; 74. (a) (i) no
e2 S Na(s) 2 Co(s) S 2 Co21(aq) 1 reduced: Ag by 1 electron (ii) yes
(g) oxidation: Zn(s) S 4 OH2(aq) (b) oxidized: Al(s) by 3 electrons; H2O
(b) (i) Fe2O3(s) 1 3 H2S(g) h
Zn21(aq) 1 2 e; 43. (b) 2 NO32(aq) 13 AsO332(aq) 1 reduced: Ni21(aq) by
Fe2S3 1s2 1 3 H2O 1l2
reduction: MnO42(aq) 1 H2O(l) S 2 NO(g) 1 2 electrons H2O
2 H2O(l) 13 e2 S 3 AsO432(aq) 1 2 OH2(aq) (c) oxidized: Ni(s) by 2 electrons; (ii) 2 Fe2S3(s) 1 3 O2(g) h
MnO2(s) 1 4OH2(aq) 44. (a) 3 Ni21(aq) 1 2 Al(s) S reduced: Mn by 3 electrons 2 Fe2O3(s) 1 6 S(s)
27. (a) 2 electrons 2 Al31(aq) 1 3 Ni(s) (d) oxidized: Sn21(aq) by
10.1 Questions, p. 641
(b) 1 electron (b) 2 MnO42(aq) 1 3 Ni(s) 1 2 electrons;
4. (d) oxidizing agent: nickel(II)
(c) Ni(s) 1 Cl2(g) S NiCl2(g) 8 H1 S 2 MnO2(s) 1 reduced: S by 2 electrons
ions;
28. oxidation: Ca(s) S 3 Ni21(aq) 1 4 H2O(l) 54. (a) oxidation: Ca(s) S
reducing agent:
Ca21(aq) 12 e2; (c) SO422(aq) 1 Sn21(aq) 1 Ca21(aq) 1 2e2;
magnesium metal
reduction: 2 H2O(l) 1 2 e2 S 2H1(aq) S SO322(aq) 1 reduction: 2 H2O(l) 1
(e) reduction: Ni21(aq) 1
2 OH2 (aq) 1 H2(g); Sn41(aq) 1 H2O(l) 2e2 S H2(g) 1 2 OH2(aq)
2 e2 S Ni(s);
net ionic: Ca(s) 1 2 H2O(l) S (d) Br2(l) 1 2 Ag(s) S (b) yes; Ca(s) 1 2H2O(l) S
oxidation: Mg(s) S
Ca21(aq) 1 2 OH2(aq) 1 H2(g) 2 Br 2(aq) 1 2 Ag1(aq) H2(g) 1 2 OH2(aq)
Mg21(aq) 1 2 e2
29. K1(aq) < H2O(l) < Cd21(aq) < (e) 3 Fe21(aq) 1 2 Al(s) S (c) bubbles
(f) Ni21(aq) 1 Mg(s) S
I2(s) < IO32(aq) < AuCl42(aq) 2 Al31(aq) 1 3 Fe(s) (d) pH test
Ni(s) 1 Mg21(aq)
30. F2(aq) < I2(aq) < H2O(l) < (f) H2S(aq) 1 2 Na1(aq) S 55. (b) (i)  2 AgNO3(aq) 1
5. (a) (i) oxidizing agent:
Cu1(aq) < K(s) S(s) 1 2 Na(s) 1 2 H1(aq) Cu(s) S
copper(I) ions;
31. (a) ii, iii (g) 2 MnO42(aq) 1 3 Zn(s) 1 Cu(NO3)2(aq) 1
reducing agent: zinc
(b) (ii)  Cr21(aq) 1 2 K(s) S 4 H2O(l) S 2 MnO2(s) 1 2 Ag(s)
metal
Cr(s) 1 2 K1(aq) 3 Zn21(aq) 1 8 OH2(aq) (ii) 2 HCl(aq) 1 Zn(s) S
(ii) cathode: Cu1 1aq2 1
(iii) Pb21(aq) 1 Fe(s) S ZnCl2(aq) 1 H2(g)
e 2 S Cu 1s2 ;
Pb(s) 1 Fe21(aq) (iii) Fe3O4(s) 1 4 CO(g) S
anode: Mg 1s2 S
4 CO2(g) 1 3 Fe(s)
Mg21 1aq2 1 2e2

746   Appendix C NEL

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 746 5/3/12 9:49 AM

 (iii) Mg 1s2 1 2 Cu11aq2 S 9. (a) 6 Al2OF622(l) 1 12 F2(l) 1 (c) 3 Fe21 1aq2 1 2 Al 1s2 S (b) Zn(s)
Mg211aq2 1 2 Cu 1s2 3 C(s) S 4 Al(s) 1 3 Fe 1s2 1 2 Al31 1aq2 (c) Pb(s), Zn(s)
(b) (i) reducing agent: iron 8 AlF632(l) 1 3 CO2(g) DE °r 1cell2 5 1.22 V (d) Ag1(aq), Zn21(aq)
metal; 35. (a) 2 Al(s) 1 6 H1 (aq) S 49. (a) Br2(l)
oxidizing agent: silver Chapter 10 Self-Quiz, p. 677 2 Al31 (aq) 1 3 H2 (g); (b) Ca(s)
ions 1. (a) 7. (b) 13. F DE°r (cell) 5 1.66 V (c) Br2(aq), H2(g), Ca(s),
(ii) anode: Fe 1s2 S Fe21 1 2. (d) 8. (b) 14. T (b) 2 Cr31 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 1 Cd(s)
2 e2 ; 3. (b) 9. (d) 15. F 3 H2O2(aq) S (d) Br2(l), H1(aq)
cathode: Ag11aq2 1 4. (a) 10. T 16. T Cr2O722(aq) 1 8 H1(aq) 50. (c) Ag(s), Cl2 (aq)
e2 S Ag 1s2 5. (a) 11. F 17. F DE°r (cell) 5 0.45 V 51. (a) DE°r (cell) 5 0.10 V; anode
(iii) Fe 1s2 1 2 Ag11aq2 S 6. (c) 12. F 36. (a) DE°r (cell) 5 20.47V; (b) DE°r (cell) 5 0.53 V; anode
Fe21 1aq2 1 2 Ag 1s2 not spontaneous (c) DE°r (cell) 5 0.02 V; cathode
6. (b) Fe211aq2 1 2 e2 S Fe 1s2 ; Chapter 10 Review, (b) DE°r (cell) 5 10.70 V; (d) DE°r (cell) 5 1.42 V; cathode
Mg 1s2 S pp. 678–683 spontaneous (e) DE°r (cell) 5 0.01 V; cathode
Mg211aq2 1 2 e 2 1. (b) (c) DE°r (cell) 5 10.37 V; 52. (a) 0.41 V
(c) Fe211aq2 1 Mg 1s2 S 2. (b) spontaneous (b) no
Fe 1s2 1 Mg211aq2 3. (d) 37. (a) 16 H1(aq) 1 2 MnO42(aq) 1 59. Au 1s2 1 HNO3 1aq2 1
7. (b) Mg 1s2 S Mg211aq2 1 2 e2; 4. (c) 10 I2(aq) S 5 I2(s) 1 4 HCl 1aq2 S AuCl42 1aq2 1
2 H2O 1l2 1 2 e2 S 5. (a) 2 Mn21(aq) 1 8 H2O(l); NO 1g2 1 2 H2O 1l2 1 H 1 1aq2
H2 1g2 1 2 OH2 1aq2 ; 6. (d) DE°r (cell) 5 0.97 V; 60. (a) anode: 2 Br2(aq) S
Mg(s) 1 2 H2O(l) S 7. F spontaneous Br2(g) 1 2e2;
Mg21(aq) 1 2 OH2(aq) 8. T (b) 16 H1(aq) 1 2 MnO42(aq) cathode: Ni21(aq) 1 2e2 S
9. T 1 10 F2(aq) S 5 F2(g) 1 Ni(s); yes
10.2 Questions, p. 648 10. F 2 Mn21(aq) 1 8 H2O(l); (b) anode: 2 H2O(l) S O2(g) 1
4. Cl2 1g2 1 2Br2 1aq2 S 11. F DE°r (cell) 5 21.36 V; 4 H1(aq) 1 4 e2;
2 Cl2 1aq2 1 Br2 1g2 ; 12. F not spontaneous cathode: 2 H2O(l) 1 2 e2 S
DE° 5 0.27 V 13. F 38. (a) potassium hydroxide H2 1 2 OH2(aq); no
5. (a) anode: Mg 1s2 S 14. F 39. (a) oxygen and water (c) anode: 2 I2(aq) S
Mg21 1aq2 1 2e2; 15. T 42. (a) anode: 2 F2(l) S F2(g) 1 I2(s) 1 2 e2;
cathode: Fe311aq2 1 e2 S 16. (a) (v) cathode: 2 H2O(l) 1 2e2 S
2 e2;
Fe21 1aq2 ; (b) (iii) H2(g) 1 2 OH2(aq); no
cathode: 2 K1(l) 1 2 e2 S
net ionic equation: (c) (vi) 61. no
2 K(l)
Mg 1s2 1 2 Fe 1 1aq2 S (d) (viii) (b) anode: 2 Cl2(l) S Cl2(g) 1
Mg21 1aq2 1 2 Fe21 1aq2 (e) (iv) Unit 5 Self-Quiz, pp. 686–687
2 e2;
(b) DE° 5 3.14 V (f) (i) 1. (a) 14. (c) 27. T
cathode: Cu21 (l) 1 2 e2 S
6. 20.23 V; Ni (g) (vii) 2. (c) 15. (b) 28. T
Cu(l)
7. (a) Cr2O722: 1.33 V; Pd21: 1.05 V; (h) (ii) 3. (d) 16. (a) 29. F
(c) anode: 2 I2(l) S l2 (l) 1
Tl1: 20.24 V; Ti1: 21.53 V 17. (b) Ag1 1aq2 1 e2 S Ag 1s2 ; 4. (c) 17. (a) 30. T
2 e2;
8. (a) 3 Mg 1s2 1 2 Au311aq2 S Cu 1s2 S Cu21 1aq2 1 2e2 5. (a) 18. (a) 31. F
cathode: Mg21(l) 1 2e2 S
3 Mg21 1aq2 1 2 Au 1s2 ; (c) Cu 1s2 1 2 Ag1 1aq2 S 6. (a) 19. (c) 32. F
Mg(l)
DE° 5 3.87 V Cu21 1aq2 1 2 Ag 1s2 7. (c) 20. F 33. T
43. (b) Cu211aq2 12e 2 S Cu 1s2
(b) 2 Cu 1 1aq2 1 Mg 1s2 S (d) Cu(s)|Cu21(aq) || Ag1(aq) | 8. (d) 21. F 34. T
E°r (cell) 5 0.34 V
2 Cu 1s2 1 Mg21 1aq2 ; Ag(s) 9. (c) 22. T 35. F
Cr 1s2 S Cr211aq2 1 2e2
DE° 5 2.89 V 18. (a) anode 10. (b) 23. T 36. F
E°r (cell) 5 0.91 V
(c) Zn 1s2 1 Sn21 1aq2 S (b) negative 11. (d)  24. T 37. F
net: Cu21 1aq2 1 Cr 1s2 S
Zn21 1aq2 1 Sn 1s2 ; 19. oxidizing agent: Cu1(aq); 12. (c) 25. T 38. F
Cu 1s2 1 Cr21 1aq2
DE° 5 0.62 V reducing agent: Zn(s) 13. (b) 26. F
DE°r (cell) 5 1.25 V
10.3 Questions, p. 654 21. (a) Al(s) | Al31(aq) || Fe21(aq) | 45. (a) Ag 1 1aq2 1 Fe211aq2 S Unit 5 Review, pp. 688–695
3. 1.2 V Fe(s) Ag 1s2 1 Fe31 1aq2 1. (a)
(b) Pt(s) | Cr21(aq) || Cu21(aq) | DE°r1cell2 5 0.03 V 2. (a)
10.6 Questions, p. 662 Pt(s) (b) Au31(aq) 1 3 Cu1(aq) S 3. (a)
1. (a) zinc 22. (a) no 3 Cu21(aq) 1 Au(s) 4. (c)
3. (b) magnesium > zinc > iron > (b) yes DE°r (cell) 5 1.34 V 5. (a)
gold (c) no (c) 2 VO21(aq) 1 4 H1(aq) 1 6. (d)
10.7 Questions, p. 670 23. (a) hydrogen fuel cell Cd(s) S Cd21(aq) 1 7. (d)
3. (a) cathode: Ni211 2e2 S Ni 1s2 ; 30. (a) no 2 VO21(aq) 1 2 H2O(l) 8. (b)
anode: 2 Br2 S Br2 1 2 e2 (b) yes DE°r (cell) 5 1.40 V 9. (c)
(b) cathode: Al3113 e2 S Al 1s2; (c) yes 46. (a) 2 IO321aq2 110 Fe211aq2 1 10. (d)
anode: 6F2 S 3 F2 1 6 e 2; 33. anode: Zn(s) S Zn21(aq) 1 2e2; 12 H1 1aq2 S 10 Fe311aq2 1 11. (a)
(c) cathode: Mn2112e2 S cathode: 2 H1(aq) 1 2e2 S I2 1aq2 1 6 H2O 1l2 ; 12. (c)
Mn(s); H2(g) DE°r (cell) 5 0.43 V 13. (b)
anode: 2 I 2 S I2 1 2e 2 34. (a) Cd21(aq) 1 Zn(s) S (b) Zn 1s2 1 2 Ag11aq2 S 14. (d)
7. cathode: Sn21(aq) 1 2e2 S Cd(s) 1 Zn21(aq) Zn21 1aq2 1 2 Ag 1s2 ; 15. (a)
Sn(s); DE°r (cell) 5 0.36 V DE°r (cell) 5 1.56 V 16. (c)
anode: 2 Cl2 (aq) S (b) 3 Ag1(aq) 1 Al(s) S 47. (a) aluminum 17. (b)
Cl2(g) 1 2e2; 3 Ag(s) 1 Al31(aq) (b) 3Cu21 1aq2 1 2Al 1s2 S 18. (c)
21
net ionic: Sn (aq) 1 DE°r (cell) 5 2.46 V 3 Cu 1s2 1 2 Al31 1aq2 19. (d)
2 Cl2 (aq) S Cl2(g) 1 Sn(s) 48. (a) Ag1(aq) 20. (b)

NEL Answers   747

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 747 5/3/12 9:49 AM

 21. (c) 49. oxidation: Mg(s) → Mg21(aq) 1 (b) 3 I2 1aq2 1 ClO2 1aq2 1 102. (a) 2 H2O2 1aq2 S
22. T 2 e2; reduction : Cu21(aq) 1 2 H 1 1aq2 S I2 3 1aq2 1 2 H2O 1l2 1 O2 1g2
23. F 2 e2 S Cu(s) Cl2 1aq2 1 H2O 1l2 (b) oxygen
24. F 50. (a) one (c) 3 As2O3 1s2 1 4 NO32 1aq2 1 (c) 2
25. F (b) two 4 H1 1 7 H2O S (d) 2
26. F (c) 2 Na(s) 1 F2(g) S 2 NaF(s) 6 H3AsO4 1aq2 1 4 NO 1g2 104. (a) reactant oxidation numbers:
27. T 51. (a) yes (d) 16 H 1 1aq2 1 10 Br2 1aq2 1 H: 11; O: 22; C: 22; Cr: 16
28. F (b) no 2 MnO2 4 1aq2 S 5 Br2 1l2 1 product oxidation numbers:
29. T (c) yes 2 Mn21 1aq2 1 8 H2O 1l2 H: 11; O: 22;
30. F (d) yes (e) 8 H 11aq2 13 CH3OH 1aq2 1 single-bonded C: 22;
31. T (e) yes Cr2O22 7 1aq2 S 3 CH2O 1aq2 1 double-bonded
32. T (f) yes 2 Cr31(aq) 1 7 H2O(l) C: 12; Cr: 13
33. T (g) yes 75. (a) Au31(aq) 1 Mn(s) S (b) 3 CH3CH2OH 1g2 1
34. F 52. (a) cathode: iron; Au(s) 1 Mn21(aq) 2 Cr2O7221aq2 1
35. T anode: magnesium 31
(b) Au (aq) 16 H11aq2 S
36. F 55. (a) Fe21 1aq2 1 2e2 S Fe 1s2 (c) Mn(s) 3 CH3CO2H 1aq2 1
37. T Mg 1s2 S Mg21 1aq2 1 2e2 (d) Au31(aq) 13 e2 S Au(s), 4 Cr311aq2 111 H2O 1l2
38. T Net: Fe211aq2 1 Mg 1s2 S Mn(s) S Mn21(aq) 1 2 e2 (c) orange–green
39. T Mg21 1aq2 1 Fe 1s2 (e) 2 Au31 1aq2 1 3 Mn 1s2S 105. no
40. F (b) 1.93 V 2 Au 1s2 1 3 Mn21 1aq2 108. (b) 0.21 V
41. (a) (iii) 56. (a) Ni21 1aq2 1 Zn 1s2 S 76. 2 MnO2 4 1aq2 13 CN 1aq2 1
2
109. (b) Zn(s)|Zn21(aq)||Ag1(aq)|
(b) (vii) Ni 1s2 1 Zn21 1aq2 H2O 1l2 S 2 MnO2 1aq2 1 Ag(s)
(c) (vi) (b) 0.53 V 3 CNO2 1aq2 1 2 OH2 1aq2 (c) anode: Zn(s) S
(d) (iv) (c) Zn(s) | Zn21(aq) || 77. (a) no reaction Zn21(aq) 1 2 e2
(e) (viii) Ni21(aq) | Ni(s) (b) Cl2(g) 1 2 I2(aq) S I2(s) 1 (d) cathode: Ag1(aq) 1 e2 S
(f) (i) 57. Zn(s) | Zn21(aq) || Cu21(aq) | 2 Cl2(aq) Ag(s)
(g) (v) Cu(s) (c) no reaction (e) 1.56 V
(h) (ii) 58. 20.83 V; 20.23 V; 11.50 V; (d) 4 Fe21(aq) 1 4 H1(aq) 1 (f) less
42. (a) P: 15; O: 22 11.20 V; 23.05 V O2(g) S 4 Fe31(aq) 1 110. Zn 1s2 1 Ag2O 1s2 S
(b) N: 14; O: 22 ranking: Au(s), I2(s) 1 H2O, (l) 2 H2O(l) ZnO 1s2 1 2 Ag 1s2
(c) Na: 11; S: 16; O: 22 Ni(s), H2(g) 1 OH2(aq), Li(s) 78. (a) MnO42(aq) 1 8 H1(aq) 1 112. (a) 20.40 V
(d) Cu: 12; N: 15; O: 22 62. 4 Fe(s) 1 3 O2(g) S 2 5 e2 S Mn21(aq) 1 114. (a) reactant oxidation numbers:
(e) K: 11; Mn: 17; O: 22 Fe2O3(s) 4 H2O(l); Zn: 12; S in ZnS: 22;
(f) Na: 11; Fe: 13; O: 22; 63. ions Fe21(aq) S e2 1 Fe31(aq); S in H2SO4: 16; O in
H: 11 64. (a) cathode: Ni21 1l2 1 2 e
2S 5 Fe21(aq) 1 MnO42(aq) 1 H2SO4: 22;
(g) Xe: 16; O: 22; F: 21 Ni 1s2 ; 8 H1(aq) S 4 H2O(l) 1 O in O2: 0; H: 11
43. (a) 16 anode: 2 Br 1l2 S Mn21(aq) 1 5 Fe31(aq) product oxidation
(b) 17 Br2 1g2 1 2 e2 (b) no reaction numbers: Zn: 12; S in
(c) 12 (b) cathode: Al31 1l2 1 3 e2 S (c) O2(g) 1 2 H2O(l) 1 4 e2 S ZnSO4: 16;
(d) 14 Al 1s2 ; 4 OH2(aq); elemental S: 0; H: 11;
46. (a) Cl2(g) anode: 2 F 1l2 S Fe(s) S 2 e2 1 Fe21(aq); O: 22
(b) O2(g) F2 1g2 1 2 e2 O2(g) 1 2 H2O(l) 1 (b) 2 ZnS 1s2 1 2 H2SO4 1aq2 1
(c) Cl2(g) (c) cathode: Mg21 1l2 1 2 e2 S 2 Fe(s) S 4 OH2(aq) 1 O2 1g2 S 2 ZnSO4 1aq2 1
(d) F2(g) Mg 1s2 ; 2 Fe21(aq) 2 S 1s2 1 2 H2O 1l2
47. (a) oxidized: I; anode: 2 I 1l2 S 80. (a) oxidizing agent: (c) zinc metal and sulfuric
reduced: Pb; I2 1g2 1 2 e2 hydrochloric acid; acid
oxidizing agent: PbO2(aq); 69. reduced reducing agent: (d) 0.47V
reducing agent: HI(aq) 72. (a) 2 C2H6 1g2 1 7 O2 1g2 S magnesium 115. (a) produce electricity
(b) oxidized: Mg; 4 CO2 1g2 1 6 H2O 1g2 (b) Mg 1s2 1 2 HCl 1aq2 S (b) drive chemical process
reduced: Cu; (b) Mg 1s2 1 2 HCl 1aq2 S MgCl2 1aq2 1 H2 1g2 (c) drive chemical process
oxidizing agent: Mg21 1aq2 1 2 Cl2 1aq2 1 (c) 2 (d) drive chemical process
Cu(NO3)2(aq); H2 1g2 (d) no 116. (a) anode: 2I2 (aq) S
reducing agent: Mg(s) (c) KIO4 1aq2 1 7 KI 1aq2 1 86. (b) Zn(s) S Zn21(aq) 1 2e2; I2(s) 1 2 e2
(c) oxidized: As; 8 HCl 1aq2 S 8 KCl 1aq2 1 Ni21(aq) 1 2e2 S Ni(s) cathode: Cu21(aq) 1 2 e2 S
reduced: Cl; oxidizing 4 I2 1s2 1 4 H2O 1l2 (c) Zn(s) 1 Ni21(aq) S Cu(s)
agent: Cl2(g); (d) 3 Cl2 1g2 1 6 KOH 1aq2 S Zn21(aq) 1 Ni(s) 117. no
reducing agent: As2O3(s) KClO3 1aq2 1 5 KCl 1aq2 1 (d) Zn(s) | Zn21(aq) || Ni21(aq) | 120. spoon: cathode;
(d) oxidized: C; 3 H2O 1l2 Ni(s) Ag1(aq) 1 e2 S Ag(s);
reduced: I; (e) 2 K2CrO7 1s2 128 HCl 1g2 S 87. 3 Ag 1 1aq2 1 Al 1s2 S silver: anode; Ag(s) S
oxidizing agent: I2O5(s) ; 4 KCl 1aq2 1 2 CrCl3 1aq2 1 3 Ag 1s2 1 Al31 1aq2 ; Ag1(aq) 1 e2
reducing agent: CO(g) 9 Cl2 1g2 1 14 H2O 1l2 D E°r(cell) 5 2.46 V 121. (a) 2 H2O(l) 1 2 Br2(aq) S
48. (a) Cl2 1g2 1 2 e2 S 2Cl2 1aq2 (f) MnO2 1s2 1 H2C2O4 1aq2 1 93. (a) no H2(g) 1 2 OH2(aq) 1 Br2(g)
(b) S8 1s2 1 16 e2 S 8 S22 1aq2 H2SO4 1aq2 S MnSO4 1aq2 1 98. (a) Cl2(g) (b) potassium bromide,
(c) Zn 1s2 S Zn21 1aq2 1 2 e2 2 CO2 1g2 1 2 H2O 1l2 (b) Sn(s) KBr(aq); water, H2O(l)
(d) Na 1s2 S Na 1 1aq2 1 e2 74. (a) 2 MnO 1s2 1 5 PbO2 1s2 1 (d) Sn21(aq) 12 Cl2(aq) S 129. (a) chlorine
8 H 1 1aq2 S 2 MnO2 4 1aq2 1 Sn(s) 1 Cl2(g)
5 Pb21 1aq2 1 4 H2O 1l2 (e) 1.50 V

748   Appendix C NEL

436900_Chem_APP_C.indd 748 5/25/12 1:32 PM