2.

8 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

(c) Find Akanksha’s average speed for covering

Level 2 distance L.
Q. 52. Two friends A and B are running on a circular track (d) How long does it take Harshit to cover the
of perimeter equal to 40 m. At time t = 0 they are distance?
at same location running in the same direction. Q. 56. There are two cars on a straight road, marked as
A is running slowly at a uniform speed of 4.5 x axis. Car A is travelling at a constant speed of
km/hr whereas B is running swiftly at a speed of VA = 9 m/s. Let the position of the Car A, at time
18 km/hr. .
t = 0, be the origin. Another car B is L = 40 m ahead
(a) At what time t0 the two friends will meet of car A at t = 0 and starts moving at a constant
again? acceleration of a = 1 m/s2 (at t = 0). Consider the
(b) What is average velocity of A and B for the length of the two cars to be negligible and treat
interval t = 0 to t = t0? them as point objects.
A $ VA = 9 m/s B $ a = 1m/s2
Q. 53. A particle is moving along x axis. Its position as a
function of time is given by x = x(t). Say whether x
following statements are true or false. x=0

(a) The particle is definitely slowing down if L = 40 m

(a) Plot the position–time (x–t) graph for the

d2x dx
2 > 0 and <0 two cars on the same graph. The two graphs
dt dt intersect at two points. Draw conclusion from
(b) The particle is definitely moving towards the this.
d ( x2 ) (b) Determine the maximum lead that car A can
origin if <0 have.
dt
  Q. 57. Particle A is moving with a constant velocity of
Q. 54. Graph of position (x) vs inverse of velocity   VA = 50 ms–1 in positive x direction. It crossed the
 
for a particle moving on a straight line is as shown. origin at time t = 10 s. Another particle B started
Find the time taken by the particle to move from at t = 0 from the origin and moved with a uniform
x = 3 m to x = 15 m. acceleration of aB = 2 ms –2 in positive x direction.
(a) For how long was A ahead of B during the
x(m) subsequent journey?
(b) Draw the position (x) time (t) graph for the
15 two particles and mark the interval for which
A was ahead of B.
Q. 58. (a) A particle is moving along the x axis and its
velocity vs position graph is as shown. Is
the acceleration of the particle increasing,
3 decreasing or remains constant?
1 v
O (sm–1)
2 8 v

Q. 55. Harshit and Akanksha both can run at speed v

and walk at speed u(u < v). They together start on
a journey to a place that is at a distance equal to L.
Akanksha walks half of the distance and runs the x
second half. Harshit walks for half of his travel (b) A particle is moving along x axis and its
time and runs in the other half. velocity (v) vs position (x) graph is a curve
(a) Who wins? as shown in the figure. Line APB is normal to
(b) Draw a graph showing the positions of both the curve at point P. Find the instantaneous
Harshit and Akanksha versus time. acceleration of the particle at x = 3.0 m.
 Kinematics 2.9

v (m/s) been shown in the figure. Find the time when the
two particles collide. Also find the position (x)
A where they collide. It is given that x0 = ut0, and
that the particle 2 was at origin at t = 0.
P
Q. 62. Two stations A and B are 100km apart. A passenger
train crosses station A travelling at a speed of
x (in m)
50 km/hr. The train maintains constant speed for
O C B 1 hour 48 minute and then the driven applies
(3,0) (4,0)
brakes to stop the train at station B in next 6 minute.
Q. 59. A particle has co-ordinates (x, y). Its position Another express train starts from station B at the
vector makes on angle q with positive x direction. time the passenger train was crossing station A.
In an infinitesimally small interval of time the The driver of the express train runs the train with
particle moves such that length of its position uniform acceleration to attain a peak speed v0.
vector does not change but angle q increases by Immediately after the train attains the peak speed
dq. Express the change in position vector of the v0, he applies breaks which cause the train to stop
particle in terms of x, y, dq and unit vectors î at station A at the same time the passenger train
and ĵ . stops at B. Brakes in both the trains cause uniform
y retardation of same magnitude. Find the travel
time of two trains and v0.
P(x,y)
Q. 63. Particle A starts from rest and moves along a
straight line. Acceleration of the particle varies
r with time as shown in the graph. In 10 s the
velocity of the particle becomes 60 m/s and the
q acceleration drops to zero. Another particle B
O
x starts from the same location at time t = 1.1 s and
has acceleration – time relationship identical to A
Q. 60. A rope is lying on a table with one of its end at
with a delay of 1.1 s. Find distance between the
point O on the table. This end of the rope is pulled
particles at time t = 15 s.
to the right with a constant acceleration starting
a
from rest. It was observed that last 2 m length of
the rope took 5 s in crossing the point O and the
last 1m took 2 s in crossing the point O. B
A

O
(a) Find the time required by the complete rope
O t(s)
to travel past point O. 1.1 10

(b) Find length of the rope. Q. 64.

Q. 61. ax
x v ay

x0 u a0 a0

O t O t
t0 2t0 3t0 4t0 t0 2t0 3t0 4t0

t t
O t0 O t0 A particle is moving in x–y plane. The x and y
components of its acceleration change with time
Two particles 1 and 2 move along the x axis. The according to the graphs given in figure. At time
position (x) - time (t) graph for particle 1 and t = 0, its velocity is v0 directed along positive
velocity (v) - time (t) graph for particle 2 has
 2.10 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced
v0
y direction. If a0 , find the angle that the bodies 1 and 2 value of b is 2.5 kg/s and 3.0 kg/s
t0 respectively. Neglect all other forces apart from
velocity of the particle makes with x axis at time gravity and the resistive force, while answering
t = 4t0. following questions : [Hint : acceleration =
Q. 65. A particle is moving along positive x direction force/mass]
and experiences a constant acceleration of (i) With what speed v10 and v20 will the two
4 m/s2 in negative x direction. At time t = 3 second bodies hit the bed of the pond.
its velocity was observed to be 10 m/s in positive [Take g = 10 m/s2]
x direction.
(ii) Which body will acquire speed equal to half
(a) Find the distance travelled by the particle in the terminal speed in less time.
the interval t = 0 to t = 3 s. Also find distance
travelled in the interval t = 0 to t = 7.5 s.. Q. 69. A prototype of a rocket is fired from the ground.
The rocket rises vertically up with a uniform
(b) Plot the displacement – time graph for the 5
interval t = 0 to 7.5 s. acceleration of m/s2. 8 second after the start
4
Q. 66. A bead moves along a straight horizontal wire of a small nut gets detached from the rocket. Assume
length L, starting from the left end with velocity that the rocket keeps rising with the constant
v0. Its retardation is proportional to the distance acceleration.
that remains to the right end of the wire. Find (a) What is the height of the rocket at the instant
the initial retardation (at left end of the wire) if the nut lands on the ground
the bead reaches the right end of the wire with a
(b) Plot the velocity – time graph for the motion
v0
velocity . of the nut after it separates from the rocket
2 till it hits the ground. Plot the same velocity–
Q. 67. A ball is projected vertically up from the ground time graph in the reference frame of the
surface with an initial velocity of u = 20 m/s. O rocket. Take vertically upward direction as
is a fixed point on the line of motion of the ball positive and g = 10 m/s2
at a height of H = 15 m from the ground. Plot a Q. 70. An elevator starts moving upward with constant
graph showing variation of distance (s) of the ball acceleration. The position time graph for the
from the fixed point O, with time (t). [Take g = 10 floor of the elevator is as shown in the figure. The
m/s2]. Plot the graph for the entire time of flight ceiling to floor distance of the elevator is 1.5 m.
of the ball. At t = 2.0 s, a bolt breaks loose and drops from the
ceiling.
(a) At what time t0 does the bolt hit the floor?
O
(b) Draw the position time graph for the bolt
starting from time t = 0.
[take g = 10 m/s2]
H y (In meter)

4.0

Q. 68. Two bodies 1 and 2 of different shapes are

released on the surface of a deep pond. The mass O t (In second)
2.0
of the two bodies are m1 = 1 kg and m2 = 1.2 kg
respectively. While moving through water, the
bodies experience resistive force given as R = bv,
where v is speed of the body and b is a positive
constant dependent on shape of the body. For
 2.48 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

solutions

(a) Speed of A and B

UA = 4.5 km/hr = 1.25 m/s
UB = 18 km/hr = 5 m/s
B will complete the circle in 8 sec. At that time A will travel through quarter of the circle.
In next t second let A travel through distance ‘s’. B will meet him if he travels a distance (10 + s) in interval
t

10 8
\ 5 t = 10 + 1.25 t fi Dt = = second 10m
3.75 3 B
8 10 B
S = 1.25 ¥ = m S
3 3
8 32
\ Both meet after, t0 = 8 + = sec
3 3 A
Meeting point is at a distance
10 40
10 + = m from the starting point
3 3
Displacement of both is same = OM
O " starting point, M " Meeting point

R 60°

120°
O

40
OM = R sin 60° × 2 [R = radius of circle = 2p ]
40 3
= . ¥2
2p 2
20 3
= m
p
 Kinematics 2.49

2 3
Average velocity for A; < VA > =
Ê 32 ˆ
p ¥Á ˜
Ë 3¯
15 3
= m /s (along OM)
8p
Average velocity for B; <VB > = <VA>
the equation of the straight line shown in the graph is
2
x = -1
v
dx
But v =
dt
2dt
\ x= -1 fi x dx = 2 dt - dx
dx
15 t 15
1
fi Ú x dx = 2 Ú dt - Ú dx fi
2
[225 - 9] = 2t - [15 - 3]
3 0 3

fi 108 + 12 = 2t fi t = 60 s

1 2
56. (a) x B = 40 +
at = 40 + 0.5t 2 (parabola)
2
xA = 9t (straight line)
m B
x

90

72

40
A

t (s)
O 8 10

The two cars are at same position if xB = xA

0.5 t2 + 40 = 9 t
Solving, t = 8 s, 10 s
Conclusion:
First the car A is moving at greater speed. At t = 8 sec (when VA = 9 m/s > VB = 8 m/s)
Car A overtakes car B. But soon B will overtake A as its speed keeps on increasing. This happens at t = 10 sec
(VB = 10 m/s, VA = 9 m/s). After this the two cars never meet as speed of B keeps on increasing.
(b) At t = 8 ; xA = xB = 72 m.
Car A keeps on taking lead till VA > VB
 2.50 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

After t = 9 sec, speed of B exceeds A and the two starts getting closer.
Lead is maximum at t = 9 s
DL = xA – xB (at t = 9)
= 9 × 9 – (0.5 × 92 + 40)
= 0.5 m
1 2
xB = aB t = t 2
2
xA = VA (t – 10) = 50 (t – 10)
A and B are at same location if
xB = xA
t2 = 50t – 500 \ t2 – 50t + 500 = 0
50 ± 2500 - 2000
t=
2
= 25 + 5 5
t1 = 25 – 5 5 [At this time A crossed ‘B’]
t2 = 25 + 5 5 [B is moving with increasing speed. This is the time when B overtakes A]
\ Interval for which A is ahead
t = t2 – t1 = 10 5 s
(b)
x – t graph for B is a parabola.
x – t graph for A is a straight line.
x

t (s)
t1 t2

t

58.
dv
(a) a = v
dx
dv
Æ constant
dx
v Æ increasing
\ a Æ increasing
v0
(b) Slope of line APB = -
1
[v0 = velocity at P]
Let slope of tangent at P = m
 Kinematics 2.51

Ê v ˆ
m ¥ Á - 0 ˜ = -1
Ë 1¯
1
m=+
v0

Ê dv ˆ 1
ÁË ˜¯ =
dx P v0
Ê dv ˆ 1
\ a = vP Á ˜ = v0 . = 1 m /s
P Ë dx ¯ P v0

( )

. The change in position vector Dr has length rdq where r = x 2 + y2
y

rd q

q
d r

q
O x
 
Direction of Dr is perpendicular to
y

rd q
Dr

x

\ Dr = – rdq sin q î + rdq cos q ĵ
But r sin q = y and r cos q = x

\ Dr = - ydq iˆ + xdq ˆj

(a) t = time needed for rope to cross point O.

a = acceleration
L = length
1 2
L = 2 at ..........…(i)

1
( L - 1) = a (t - 2 )
2

2 ..........…(ii)

( L - 2 ) = 1 a (t - 5)2 ..........…(iii)
2
1 È2
a t - (t - 2 ) ˘ ..........…(iv)
2
(i)-(ii) 1 =
2 Î ˚
 2.52 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

1 È
a (t - 2 ) - (t - 5) ˘ ..........…(v)
2 2
(ii)-(iii) 1 =
2 Î ˚

\ t2 – (t – 2)2 = (t – 2)2 – (t – 5)2

& 4t – 4 = 6t – 21 & 2t = 17
t = 8.5 s
1
From (iv) a ÈÎ8.52 - 6.52 ˘˚ = 1
2
1
a (15 ¥ 2 ) = 1
2
1
a= m /s 2
15
1 1 1
\ L = ¥ at 2 = ¥ ¥ 8.52
2 2 15
= 2.41 m
61. x co-ordinate of particle 1 at time ‘t’ is
Êx ˆ
x1 = x0 - Á 0 ˜ t = x0 - ut …..........(i)
Ë t0 ¯
[This is the equation of the straight line given in the question]
For particle 2-
u
Acceleration = - [Slope of v – t graph]
t0
x co-ordinate at time ‘t’ is-
1Ê uˆ 2
x2 = ut - t
2 ÁË t0 ˜¯ ….......... (ii)

Collision occurs when x1 = x2

1Ê uˆ Ê u ˆ
\ x0 - ut = ut - Á ˜ t 2 fi Á ˜ t 2 - 2ut + x0 = 0
2 Ë t0 ¯ Ë 2t0 ¯
2u
2u ± 4u 2 - x
t0 0 2u ± 4u2 - 2u2
\t = =
u u
t0 t0
= t0 ÈÎ2 ± 2 ˘˚

Since t cannot be larger than t0
t = (2 – 2)t0
Put this in (i) x1 = x0 – (2 – 2) ut0
= ( 2 – 1)x0
62. v – t graph for two trains has been shown.
Distance travelled by passenger train in
1 hr 48 min = 50 × 1.8 = 90 km
\ Area of PQR = 10 km
 Kinematics 2.53

v (Km/hr)
1
¥ 50 ¥ t0 = 10
2
2
t0 = = 0.4 hr M
5 Express train
from B to A
\ Total travel time = 2.2 hr = travel time for express
train from B to A
Area of OMR = 100 50
P

1 Passenger
¥ 2.2 ¥ v0 = 100 train from
2 A to B
100
v0 = = 90.9 km /hr Q R
t(hr)
1.1 O 1.8 2.2
t0
Area under ax vs t graph gives change in vx
È v0 ˘
vx = a0t0 + a0t0 = 2a0t0 = 2v0 ÍQ a0 = t ˙
Î ˚

Area under ay vs t graph = change in vy

1
\ vy - v0 = ¥ t0 ¥ a0 ¥ 4 = 2 a0 t0 = 2 v0
2
3v
\ vy = 3v0 \ tan q = 0
2 v0
Ê 3ˆ
q = tan -1 Á ˜
Ë 2¯

Let velocity after displacement ‘x’ be v.
(L–x)

V0
V

dv
v
dx
= -k (L - x ) [k = a constant ]
v0 / 2 L

Ú v dv = - Ú k ( L - x ) dx
v0 0

1 Èv ˘
2
È 2 kL2 ˘ 3 2
Í - v 2
0˙
0
= - ÍkL - ˙ fi v0 = kL
2

2Î 4 ˚ Î 2 ˚ 4
3v02
Initial retardation = kL =
6L

= -

Ê - ˆ
= ÁË - ˜¯

 2.54 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

È ˘
= ( - - t
) Ít =
Î
˙
˚

(i) =

¥
= =

¥
= =

(ii) The body with smaller value of t will take lesser time.

For body 1 t = = =

For body 2 t = = =

Both will take same time.

69. (a) At the instant the nut gets detached from the rocket, its speed and height are
5
v = 0 + ¥ 8 = 10 m /s (≠)
4 Path of nut
1 5 10 m/s
h0 = 0 + ¥ ¥ 82 = 40 m
2 4
10 m/s
For motion of the nut
u = 10 m/s (-­is +ve)
h = – 40 m (. is –ve)
a = 10 m/s2

\ = +
h0 = 40m

- = ¥ - ¥ ¥

Solving, t = 4 s
Nut will hit the ground in next 4 s.
Further height gained by the rocket in 4 s is
1 5
h1 = 10 ¥ 4 + 2 ¥ 4 ¥ 4
2

= 40 + 10 = 50 m
Required height of the rocket = h0 + h1 = 90 m V (m/s)

(b) Velocity of nut in the reference frame of ground is v = 10 – 10 t 10

4
In frame of rocket O t(s)
1
Initial velocity u = 0
5 45
Acceleration a = 10 + = m /s2 (Ø)
4 4
v = 0 + at –30
 Kinematics 2.55

45
v = - t [– ve because acceleration is downward]
4

O t

– 45 (m/s)

70. The elevator moves up with constant acceleration, hence y – t graph must be a parabola.
Let y = kt2
at t = 2, y = 4
k = 1 y = t2
dy
\ = 2 t = 4 m /s (at t = 2)
dt
d2 y
= 2.0 m /s2
dt 2
In the reference frame of the elevator the acceleration of bolt is 12 m/s2 and its initial velocity is zero. Time required
for a displacement of 1.5 m in this frame is
1
y= ¥ 12 ¥ t 2
2
1
1.5 = ¥ 12 ¥ t 2 fi t = 0.5 s
2
Bolt hits the floor at t = 2.5 s

In 0.5 second, the displacement of bolt (in reference frame of ground) is

1
Dyb = 4 ¥ 0.5 - ¥ 10 ¥ 0.52 = 0.75 m
2
The event as seen in reference frame of elevator and ground has been shown in figure.
R.F. of elevator

u=0

a = 12

1.5 m

 2.56 Problems in Physics for JEE Advanced

R.F. of ground

F1 F1
u=4
0.75 m

F F

Graph in R.F. of ground

y Co-ordinate
y (In meter)
y (In meter) of ceiling

y Co-ordinate
6.25 of bolt

5.5

1.5
t
O 2.0 2.5
y Co-ordinate
of floor