Dual Nature of Radiation and

Matter
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)

1. The photoelectrons emitted from a surface of sodium metal are such that they
(1) All are of the same frequency
(2) Have the same kinetic energy
(3) Have the same de Broglie wavelength
(4) Have their speeds varying from zero to a certain maximum
Sol. Answer (4)

2. A photo cell is receiving light from a source placed at a distance of 1 m. If the same source is to be placed at
a distance of 2 m, then the ejected electron
(1) Moves with one-fourth energy as that of the initial energy
(2) Moves with one-fourth of momentum as that of the initial momentum
(3) Will be half in number
(4) Will be one-fourth in number
Sol. Answer (4)
3. Stopping potential for photo electrons
(1) Does not depend on the frequency of the incident light
(2) Does not depend upon the nature of the cathode material
(3) Depends on both the frequency of the incident light and nature of the cathode material
(4) Depends upon the intensity of the incident light
Sol. Answer (3)
4. Assuming photo-emission to take place, the factor by which the maximum velocity of the emitted photo electrons
changes when the wavelength of the incident radiation is increased four times, is (assuming work function to be
negligible in comparison to hc/)

1 1
(1) 4 (2) (3) 2 (4)
4 2

Sol. Answer (4)

5. The maximum wavelength of radiation that can produce photoelectric effect in a certain metal is 200 nm. The
maximum kinetic energy acquired by electron due to radiation of wavelength 100 nm will be
(1) 12.4 eV (2) 6.2 eV (3) 100 eV (4) 200 eV
Sol. Answer (2)
 6. The stopping potential V for photo-electric emission from a metal surface is plotted along Y-axis and frequency
 of incident light along X-axis. A straight line is obtained as shown. Planck’s constant is given by

V
 X

(1) Slope of the line

(2) Product of slope on the line and charge on the electron
(3) Product of intercept along Y-axis and mass of the electron
(4) Product of slope and mass of electron
Sol. Answer (2)
7. In an experiment on photoelectric effect the frequency  of the incident light is plotted against the stopping
potential V0. The work function of the photoelectric surface is given by (e is electronic charge)

V0
A
O 0 X


B
(1) OB × e in eV (2) OB in volt
(3) OA in eV (4) The slope of the line AB
Sol. Answer (1)

8. The threshold frequency for a metallic surface corresponds to an energy of 6.2 eV and the stopping potential for
a radiation incident on this surface is 5 V. The incident radiation lies in
(1) Ultraviolet region (2) Infrared region (3) Visible region (4) X-ray region
Sol. Answer (1)
9. Two identical photocathodes receive light of frequencies f1 and f2. If the velocities of the photo electrons (of
mass m) coming out are respectively v1 and v2 then

(1) f1 – f2 

m v12 – v 22  (2) f1  f2 

m v12 – v 22  (3) f1 – f2 

m v12  v 22  (4) f1  f2 

m v12  v 22 
2h 2h 2h 2h
Sol. Answer (1)

10. Specific heat of water is 4.2 J/g°C. If light of frequency 3 × 109 Hz is used to heat 400 gm of water from 20°C
to 40°C, the number of photons needed will be

(1) 1.69 × 1029 (2) 1.69 × 1028 (3) 2.80 × 104 (4) 2.80 × 105

Sol. Answer (3)

11. A red bulb and violet bulb of equal power emits nR and nV number of photons in a given time, then

(1) nR = nV (2) nR > nV (3) nR < nV (4) nR  nV

Sol. Answer (2)

12. For a certain metal,  is five times the 0 and the maximum velocity of coming out photo electrons is 8 × 106.
If  = 20, the maximum velocity of photo electrons will be

(1) 4 × 106 m/s (2) 6 × 106 m/s (3) 8 × 106 m/s (4) 1 × 106 m/s

Sol. Answer (1)

13. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 66.26 nm and intensity 2 W/m2 falls on potassium surface by which photo electrons
are ejected. If only 0.1% of the incident photons produce photo electrons, and surface area of metal surface is
4 m2, how many electrons are emitted per second?
(1) 2.67 × 1018 (2) 3 × 1015 (3) 3.33 × 1017 (4) 4.17 × 1016

31. A pulse of light of duration 100 ns is absorbed completely by a small object initially at rest. Power of the pulse
is 30 mW and the speed of light is 3 × 108 ms–1. The final momentum of the object is
[JEE(Advanced)-2013]
(1) 0.3 × 10–17 kg ms–1 (2) 1.0 × 10–17 kg ms–1 (3) 3.0 × 10–17 kg ms–1 (4) 9.0 × 10–17 kg ms–1
Sol. Answer (2)

32. A metal surface is illuminated by light of two different wavelengths 248 nm and 310 nm. The maximum speeds
of the photoelectrons corresponding to these wavelengths are u1 and u2, respectively. If the ratio u1 : u2 = 2 : 1
and hc = 1240 eV nm, the work function of the metal is nearly [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
(1) 3.7 eV (2) 3.2 eV (3) 2.8 eV (4) 2.5 eV
Sol. Answer (1)

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)

1. The stopping potenital for photoelectron emitted from a metal sufrace of work function 1.7 eV is 10.4 V. Select
correct choice
(1) The wave elength of light used is 1022 Å
(2) The wavelength of light used is 970.6 Å
(3) The light used is emitted by hydrogen gas sample which de-exciteds from n = 3 to n = 1
(4) The light lused is emitted by hydrogen gas smaple which de-excites from n = 4 to n = 1
Sol. Answer (1, 3)

2. Choose the correct statements regarding the phenomena of photoelectric effect

(1) Photoelectric effect was explained by Einstein considering wave nature of light
(2) If intensity of radiations incident on photosensitive material is increases, stopping potential increases
(3) Work function of gold is about 5.1 eV
(4) Slope of a graph between incident frequency (greater than threshold frequency) verses stopping potential
is independent of metal
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
3. The figure shows the results of an experiment involving photoelectric effect. The graphs A, B, C and D relate
to a light beam having different wavelengths. Select the correct alternative

i current

A
B
C
D

(1) Beam B has highest frequency

(2) Beam C has longest wavelength
(3) Beam A has highest rate of photoelectric emission
(4) Highest momentum is possessed by some phats electrons emitted by B
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

4. Choose the correct alternative

(1) Ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths of proton and -particle of same kinetic energy is 2 : 1
(2) If neutron, -particle and -particle all are moving with same kinetic energy, -particle has maximum de-
Broglie wavelength
(3) de-Broglie hypothesis treats particles as waves
(4) de-Broglie hypothesis treats waves as made of particles
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

5. For photo-electric effect with incident photon wavelength , the stopping potential is V0. Identify the correct
variation(s) of V0 with  and 1/.
[JEE(Advanced)-2015]

V0
V0

(1) (2)
 
V0 V0

(3) (4)
1/ 1/
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
 SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I

hf
Although a photon has no rest mass, but it possesses the inertial mass m  where h is Planck’s constant,
c2
f is frequency of light and c is speed of light. Since light is deflected by a gravitational field, so it is naturally
assured that photons have same gravitational behaviour as other particles. When photon is emitted from surface
of star of mass M and radius R, total energy of photon will be sum of hf and gravitational potential energy. At
a large distance from star, the photon is beyond the star’s gravitational field, so its gravitational potential energy
becomes zero but its total energy remains constant. So frequency of a photon emitted from surface of a star
decreases as it moves away from star. A photon in visible region of spectrum is thus shifted towards red end,
and this phenomena is known as gravitational red shift.

1. The potential energy of photon which is at surface of star is

(where, M = Mass of the star, R = Radius of the star, G = Universal gravitational constant)

hf GMhf GMhf
(1) hf (2) (3) 2 (4) –
2 c R c 2R

Sol. Answer (4)

f – f
2. If f  is frequency of photon when it is very far away from star then
f

GM GMh GM GMh
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)
R c Rc c R Rc

Sol. Answer (3)

3. If a photon of original frequency f falls through a small height H near the earth's surface, then fractional charge
in frequency will be (acceleration due to gravity is g)

gH gH 2 c2 gH
(1) (2) (3) (4)
c c gH c2
Sol. Answer (4)

Comprehension-II
A metal foil is at a certain distance from an isotropic point source that emits energy at the rate P. Let us
assume the classical physics to be applicable. The incident light energy will be absorbed continuously and
smoothly. The electrons present in the foil soak up the energy incident on them. For simplicity, we can assume
that the energy incident on a circular path of the foil with radius 5 × 10–11 m (about that of a typical atom) is
absorbed by a single electron. The electron absorbs sufficient energy to break through the binding forces and
comes out from the foil. By knowing the work function, we can calculate the time taken by an electron to come
out i.e., we can find out the time taken by photoelectric emission to start. As you will see in the following
questions, the time delay comes out to be large, which is not practically observed. The time lag is very small.
Apparently, the electron does not have to soak up energy. It absorbs energy all at once in a single photon
electron interaction.

1. If power of the source P is 1.5 W and distance of the foil from the source is 3.5 m, the energy received by an
electron per second is
(1) 7.65 × 10–23 W (2) 7.65 × 10–28 W (3) 7.65 × 10–15 W (4) 7.65 × 10–10 W
Sol. Answer (1)
2. If work function of the metal of the foil is 2.2 eV, the time taken by electron to come out is nearly
(1) 1.3 minutes (2) 1.3 hour (3) 1.3 × 10–3 hour (4) 1.3 s
Sol. Answer (2)

3. The experimental observations show that the waiting time for emission of electrons is 10–8s. This observation
contradicts the calculations based on classical physics view of light energy. Thus we have to assume that
during photoelectron emission
(1) An electron absorbs energy falling on a greater area than the size of atom
(2) Absorption of energy takes place at once by absorption of a photon
(3) Intensity of source must be strong
(4) Frequency of incident light must be high to supply energy at a higher rate
Sol. Answer (2)