➢ A computer is an electronic device used to store and

process data.
➢ It receives the data from User (us) and converting
the data into meaningful information (output) that is
useful to people based on the given instruction
(Programs).
The Five characteristics of computers are given below:
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Consistency
4. Data Storage Capacity
5. Automation
1. Speed
Computer is very fast. In general, Computer process the
complex calculations faster than human being.

2. Accuracy
Computer results are very accurate because Computer
is a pre-programmed electronic device.
3. Consistency

➢ Computer is a consistent machine, it means that

computer never gets tired of working more.

➢ You can use computer to perform your task without any

error for any number of hours or days.
4. Data Storage Capacity
Computer can store huge amount of data in a small sized
storage device such as hard disk, CD, DVD, PenDrive,
memory card.

5. Automation
Once the instructions fed into the computer it works
automatically without any human intervention.
 Computer system have two parts:

COMPUTER
SYSTEM

HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Software
 Software refers to the programs required to operate a
computer.

 Software are classified into Two types:

1. System software (Operating System)
(Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 10, Linux, Unix)
2. Application software ( PDF, Photoshop, Movie Maker)
Hardware
 Hardware refers to any physical component of computer.

 For example, CPU, monitor (VDU), keyboard, hard disk,

floppy disk, printer etc. are physical components and, thus,
are all hardware
A Computer system has the following main components:
1. Input Devices
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3. Memory Unit
4. Output Devices
Input devices
Input devices are used to enter information (data) into the
computer system

List of some Input Devices

➢ Keyboard
➢ Mouse
➢ Scanner
➢ Bar code reader (BCR)
➢ Voice Input Systems
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
➢ The CPU is the Computational & Control center of a
computer.

➢ It is like a brain of a computer ie. perform all the

arithmetic and logical calculations.

➢ CPU contains a Microprocessor and processes the

input data and produces output based on the pre-
defined software programs.
The Computer Memory is used to store and retrieve the
data in Computer.

Memory is primarily of three types

 Primary Memory /Main Memory
 Secondary Memory / Hard Disk
 Cache Memory
 It holds the data and instructions that the processor is
currently working on ie. (Current Processing Data).
 CPU utilizes this data to perform the required tasks.
 It is a Volatile memory (Temporary). It means it does not
store data or instructions permanently.
 As soon as you shut down the computer the RAM loses all
the data.
 This type of memory is also known as external memory or
Non-Volatile (Permanent Memory).
 It is slower than main memory.
 These are used for storing data/Information permanently.
 CPU directly does not access these main memories instead
they are accessed via input-output routines.
 Contents of secondary memories are first transferred to main
memory, and then CPU can access it.
 For example : Hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD etc.
 Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory
which can speed up CPU.
 It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory.
 It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are
most frequently used by CPU.
 The parts of data and programs are transferred from disk to
cache memory by operating system, from where CPU can
access them.
Output devices are used to display the output from the
computer.
 Monitors
 Speaker
 Printer
 Headphone
 Projector
 Benefits of Using Computers
(Or)
Advantages of Using Computers

1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Stores Huge Amount of Data
4. Business
5. Diligence
6. Online Education
7. Internet
8. E- Commerce
9. Automation
10. Reduce the Paper Work and Cost
1.Speed
➢ Computer is very fast. Computers can perform the complex calculations within the
fractions of seconds.
➢ Also, it can perform about Trillions of instruction per second.

2.Accuracy
Computer results are very accurate (almost 100% accuracy) because Computer is a pre-
programmed electronic device.

3.Stores Huge Amount of Data

➢ Computer can store huge amount of data in a small sized storage device such as hard
disk, CD, DVD, Pen Drive, memory card.

➢ So users, can easily store and retrieve the data from computers.

➢ The Storing capability of computer is measured in MB (Mega-Bytes), GB (Giga-Bytes),

TB (Tera-Bytes).
➢ 1024 KB = 1 MB
➢ 1024 MB = 1 GB
➢ 1024 GB = 1 TB
4. Business
People use computer in business because of its features of
storing volumes of data, multitasking ,performing complex
calculation, working more efficiently than humans.

5. Diligence
➢ Unlike human beings, a computer is free from tiredness,
and lack of concentration.
➢ It can work continuously without any error.
➢ It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and
accuracy.

6.Online Education
Computers plays vital role in Online Education. Computers
are used to take / attend the online class effectively.
7.Internet
➢ We can connect and gets the required information from
world Wide Web by using Internet.

➢ The internet technology can help you to connect your

friends, family members, colleagues through social media
like facebook, whatsapp.

8. E- Commerce
Many people across the world uses the computers for their
online trading / online purchasing.
9. Automation
Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically.
Once the computer receives a program then it can control
the program execution without human interaction.

10. Reduce the Paper Work and Cost

➢ The use of computers for data processing in an
organization leads to reduction in paper work and results in
speeding up the process.
➢ Also, the problem of maintenance of large number of paper
files gets reduced.
Types of Memory
1.Volatile Memory
2.Non-Volatile Memory
3.Virtual Memory

1.Volatile Memory (Primary Memory - RAM)

➢ Volatile memory (Temporary) is computer memory that
requires power to maintain the stored information.
➢ It holds the data and instructions that the processor is
currently working on ie. (Current Processing Data).
➢ CPU utilizes this data to perform the required tasks.
➢ As soon as you shut down the computer the Volatile memory
(RAM) loses all the data. So, it can not store the data
permanently.
➢ Example : RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. Non-Volatile Memory (Secondary Memory - Hard Disk)

➢ Non-volatile memory is computer memory that can retain

the stored information permanently even when not
powered.

➢ This type of memory is also known as Secondary memory

or Non-Volatile memory (Permanent Memory).

➢ It is slower than main memory.

Example : Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

3. Virtual Memory

➢ Virtual memory is the feature of an operating system (OS).

➢ In the Virtual Memory, the Secondary Memory (Hard Disk)

will be treated as the Logical Memory (RAM).

ie. with the help of virtual Memory technique, Operating

System can temporarily increase the size of RAM by utilizing
the Secondary Memory.

➢ So Virtual Memory, enables a computer to be able to

compensate shortages of physical memory by transferring
the data from random access memory to disk storage.
Bus

A Bus is a group of lines/wires are used to transfers data

between components inside a computer.

There are Four types in Bus.

Type of Bus in Computer

1.Data Bus

2.Address Bus

3.Control Bus

4.Expansion Bus
1. Data Bus
The data bus used to transfer the data between the microprocessor (CPU)
and memory (RAM).

2.Address Bus:
The address bus transfers the information about the location of data in
memory.

2.Control Bus
The control bus carries the control signals that make sure everything is
flowing smoothly from place to place.

4. Expansion Bus
If your computer has expansion slots, then expansion bus is used to
transfer the data between the add-in boards (newly expanded slots).
What is a Software?
➢ Software is collections of programs or instructions that tell the
computer what to do and how to do it.
➢ Computers need software to do job, without software
computers cannot function .

Types of Software
There are Three Types in Software
1. System Software
System Software is a set of programs designed to control and
manage the operations of a computer hardware.

Also, System Software manages computer resources and enables

application programs to execute properly.

Example for System Software: Operating System, Device

Drivers, System Utility
Operating System
➢ Operating System is a collections of software that controls
the computer operations and manages the computer
resources.

➢ It provides general services to the users and other

applications.
Device Drivers
It is a type of software that controls particular hardware which
is attached to the system.

Example for Device Drivers:

BIOS Driver
Display Drivers
Motherboard Drivers
Printer Drivers
ROM Drivers
Sound card Driver
USB Drivers

System Utility: Utility software is designed to aid in analyzing,

optimizing, configuring and maintaining a computer system
2. Application Software
Application software products are designed to perform specific
works.

Following are some examples of application software that allow you

to do specific work:

Photoshop: It is a photo editing application software by Adobe.

You can use it to visually enhance, catalogue and share your
pictures.

WhatsApp: It is an online communication app that you can use for

video chat, voice calling and instant messaging.

Microsoft Word: Tools that are used to create and type the word
documents.
3. Programming Software

➢ Programming software are programs that are used to write,

develop, test, and debug other software, including apps and
system software.

➢ It is mainly used by programmers to develop new applications

or new software.
2. Application Software
Application software products are designed to perform specific
works.

Following are some examples of application software that allow you

to do specific work:

Photoshop: It is a photo editing application software by Adobe.

You can use it to visually enhance, catalogue and share your
pictures.

WhatsApp: It is an online communication app that you can use for

video chat, voice calling and instant messaging.

Microsoft Word: Tools that are used to create and type the word
documents.
Language Translator or Language Processor

A Language Translator is a program which is used to translate an

input program written in one programming language into another
programming language (output program).

There are Three types Language Translator

1. Compiler
2. Assembler
3. Interpreter

Source Code (or) High Level Language means source program

written by programmer using C or C++, Java Language.

Machine Code (Object Code) means Computer understand and

Process only Machine Code (0 & 1).
Language Translator or Language Processor

A Language Translator is a program which is used to translate an

input program written in one programming language into another
programming language (output program).

There are Three types Language Translator

1. Compiler
2. Assembler
3. Interpreter

Source Code (or) High Level Language means source program

written by programmer using C or C++, Java Language.

Machine Code (Object Code) means Computer understand and

Process only Machine Code (0 & 1).
Compiler
➢ The Compiler (language processor) reads the whole source
program written in high level language and convert it into
machine code (Object Code).
➢ In a compiler, the source code is translated to object code
successfully if it is free of errors.
➢ The compiler specifies the errors at the end of compilation with
line numbers.
Assembler
➢ Assembler is a translator which is used to translate the assembly
language code into machine language code.
➢ The input program is in assembly language and the output
generated by assembler is the object code or machine code
understandable by the computer.
Interpreter
➢ An interpreter converts each statement of the source program line
by line into machine code.
➢ It means an interpreter translates the one line at a time into
machine language and executes it before moving on to the next
line.
➢ If there is an error in the statement, the interpreter terminates its
translating process at that statement and displays an error message.
➢ The interpreter moves on to the next line for execution only after
removal of the error.
Interpreter

➢ Assembler is a translator which is used to translate the assembly

language code into machine language code.
➢ The input program is in assembly language and the output
generated by assembler is the object code or machine code
understandable by the computer.
Discuss about the Applications of Microsoft Office.
➢ Microsoft Office (MS Office) is a Set of products/tools developed by
Microsoft Corporation.

➢ It is widely used in office, Industries and schools, home to organize, manage

and present information, data and figures.

Ms-Office Has the following Four Packages

1. MS-Word
2. MS-Excel
3. MS-Power Point
4. MS-Access
1. MS-Word (Microsoft Word)

➢ Microsoft Word is a word processing software package.

➢ You can use it to type letters, reports and other documents.

The four main operations of a word processing package are:

1. Defining the form of the document
2. Entering a document from a keyboard
3. Editing (modifying) the document
4. Printing the document.
Formatting Word Document
➢ The process to change the appearance of a document is called the document
formatting you can format a single character, word, lines, paragraph or
whole document.
➢ The document is formatted to make it more attractive and beautiful.
➢ The commands used to format the document are selected from the Home tab.

What can we do with MS WORD

➢ You Can create business documents having various graphics
including pictures, charts, and diagrams.
➢ You Can store and reuse readymade content and formatted elements such as
cover pages and sidebars.
➢ Can create letters and letterheads for personal and business
purpose.

2. MS-Excel
➢ Excel is an Microsoft Application that is mainly used for calculations and

mathematical works.

➢ In Excel sheet, data is arranged in the form of rows and columns and used

for calculations

➢ It is a spreadsheet application in which we can add sheets as per our

requirements. In a single sheet, it consists of rows and columns and cells.

➢ Functions : Sum, product, subtraction, division and many mathematical,

logical functions are available within it.

➢ Other features include tables, charts, clip art and more.

➢ It is basically used for payroll, accounts, mathematical, and for other

business purposes.
MS Power Point
➢ MS Power Point is a Presentation Program developed by Microsoft.
➢ It allows the user to create slides with recordings, narrations,
transitions and other features in order to present information.

What can we do with MS Power Point

➢ Making Tutorials for Training and Education purpose

➢ Animations.
➢ Photo Slide Show.
➢ E-Brochures
➢ Personal Promotional Videos
➢ Customer Education
➢ Corporate policies Etc.,
➢ Project Presentation–Students, Professionals etc.,
MS ACCESS

➢ MS ACCESS Is a Data Base Management System(DBMS) developed by

Microsoft.
➢ It is used to stores data and serves as an electronic filing system.
➢ It is used to organize and use information for business.
➢ The user is easily able to add or modify any data within the database,
produce reports from the database and submit queries about all information
stored into it.