Hello,

See the features of this toposheet. Divide the toposheet into 4 quarters. Study the each
quarter. For example North west corner (A), North East Corner (B), South West
Corner(c) and South East Corner (D). For example what features do you see in the A
Corner???First of all, you see river Sipu, a few nucleated settlements, yellow wash, open
scrub, little bit of green forest on top of A corner, we can see some spot heights too. Can
you see a cart track (red line)? We can also see perennial wells (blue). Did you spot
stony waste (8596)? In the same way, go through the B corner and C corner and D
corner. Make a mental picture of the toposheet with prominent symbols. After having a
quick glance of thetoposheet, read the questions that are asked. You have 15 minutes to
read the question paper. First read the other questions and then come to the toposheet
which requires more time to read. Keep a pencil ready to mark few features.For the
bigger view of the toposheet, click on top of the picture.

o Can you see R.F.? You can see at the bottom right. R.F. is 1:50,000. We have
already explained to you how to write R.F. in the lectures.

o can you see the scale? You can see almost near the R.F. The scale is 2cm to 1
km. It means 2cm on the map is equal to the 1km on the ground.

o What's the contour interval of the toposheet? Check the contour interval near
the scale. Contour interval of this toposheet is 20 metres.(usually it is 20 metres)

o What else can you see? Ok, let's do the direction which We have explained to
you earlier. Find out what is the direction of Rajkot lie from Gangudra? First of all,
Rajkot is in grid square 8995 and gangudra is in grid square 8793. Imagine you are in
Gangudra and you want to go to Rajkot from Gangudra? First of all, you have to go up
which is north and then you have to turn right, which is east direction.Therefore the
comapass direction is north-east from Gangudra. Do you follow?

o Where do you find the lowest part in the toposheet? The south west corner is
the lowest part in the map. because two rivers flow towards south west which is an
indication of the slope. check the spot heights in the map. they are decreasing towards
south west. Identify some spot heights in the map.

o See the settlements on the map: What type of settlement do you find? Ofcourse,
nuclear/compact/clustered. If you didnt understand, read the lecture notes on
settlements and come back to the page.
o What kind of rainfall this area gets? check the rivers-we can see broad sandy
bed exposed, a thin water channel, (in blue) several cart tracks, and a pack track. This
shows that the area gets seasonal rainfall.

o Now let us see the occupation. Study the toposheet closely. We had told you
about the occupations. Go through it again. Let us study the occupation of Bhadli (Jhat)
- grid square 8596. What do you notice there? click the toposheet and check. its is A
CORNER. There is a river, perennial wells (Blue dots), yellow patch(which means
agriculture) and stony waste. Can you see them? From this we know that the
occupation of the people of that area is cultivation and stone cutting or extraction of
limestone. This is indicated by the presence of agricultural land ( in yellow colour),
perennial wells and the presence of lime kilns.

o It is a clustered settlement too.

o Can you see the irrigation facilities or source of water? We can see the river
which has narrow blue line which means it is perennial even though the river is
seasonal. Then we also can see the perennial wells. So two perennial source of water is
the River waters and well irrigation.

o Let's study man made features - we can see few temples in the toposheets and
permanent huts. I couldn't see any post office. In the exam, they will ask one or two
man-made features. So the man-made features are temples and permanent huts.

o Now let's study the natural features - We can see rivers, trees, islands in the
middle of the river, jungles, mines, pack tracks, cart tracks, lined wells, etc. You can
see all these in this map. So, you select any two. The natural feature is river and forest.
Sometime they will give a grid square and ask to you to mention one man-made feature
and one natural feature. Go and locate that grid square and follow the points that I
have told you.

o Let us see the drainage pattern on the map. See the area around the town
Gangudra.(Grid square 8793) See the drainage pattern around the area-dont see only in
the grid square 8793. Go beyond that. The river or drainage pattern is Rectangular or
Trellised. Can you see the shape of the river? Thin lines that join the main river. Read
the text book regarding the drainage pattern (if you have not understood) There are
three drainage patterns - Dendritic(Tree like or veins of a leaf) Trellis/Rectangle and
Radial.
o Let us study the river bed of Sipu- In what two ways does the river bed of Sipu
convey that it flows through a region of seasonal rainfall? We did go through that
earlier. Study the river. It has a broad sandy riverbed which is exposed. If you dont
understand the sandy river bed, go to the text book and looks for the symbos of sandy
bed. It also has a thin water channel in the middle of the river. We also see many cart
and pack tracks passing the river. Therefore, the river doesn't have much water in the
summer season and so the river dries up. Do you follow ? Since the river is dry, you see
the sandy beds and cart and pack tracks passing the river. So the people can cross the
river during summer. Therefore it is a seasonal river.(it means the river gets water only
in the rainy season).

o What are the conventional sighs near north east part of the toposheet near open
mixed jungle? - check corner B - We find broken ground there. So what is broken land?
Broken land gives rise to Bad land topography. These are generally found along the
banks of a river. Broken ground is caused due to erosion during rain when the river is in
flood. It usually happens in the area where there is no vegetation/plants.

o Some time a question comes on the comparision of two settlements. Now let us
study the village Jigol (grid square 8590) and other villages. Jigol is better off than
other settlements. It has good transport system in comparision with other villages. We
can see many cart tracks leading into the village. Plus it has many lined wells for
irrigation purposes.

o In which quarter of the map extract do you find the lowest area to be? Divide
the whole toposheet into 4 corners. We have done that in the beginning. Look for the
spot heights in the toposheet. if you study the heights, you will find south west qurater
of the map are decreasing towards the south west. See also the river flowing. They flow
towards the south west. So the south-west corner of the map exatract is the lowest
region.

o Hope you know how to find grid squares - 4 figure or 6 figure/digit grid
reference. Find four digit grid square is easy but the problem begins when you have to
find 6-digit grid reference. When you are asked to locate the 6-digit reference,
rememeber these points. First find the square. Ok, let us locate a place using 6-figure
grid reference of a temple in the north east of Odhava. Ok, let us see the 4-figure grid
reference. It is in the grid square 8992. This is four figure grid reference. now we need
6-figure grid reference. After locating 4-figure grid reference, divide that square into 4
equal parts. First take a ruler and place it on the horizontal line of that grid square(.
get the mid point. Then place the ruler on the vertical line and find the mid point and
join these mid points. then u get the mid point of easting and northings. then u locate
the spot in the grid square and if the spot is beoynd the mid point, then it wil be above
5. You can find the exact 6 figure grid reference by dividing grid squares into 10 blocks.
Hold the scale vertical and horizontal on that grid square and join them. Now u get 10 X
10 equal squares. Now you see where is the spot and give the grid reference.894925