Scribd
Upload
792 views10 pages

Field Work No. 4 Differential Leveling: Mapúa Institute of Technology

This document summarizes a fieldwork assignment on differential leveling. The objectives were to determine the backsight, height of instrument, and foresight of turning points along a 300m land area to compute the elevation of each station. Tools used included a precise level, tripod, leveling rod, range pole, and 50m tape. Students measured points every 10m, recording backsight, foresight, and intermediate foresight readings to compute elevations using the height of instrument and elevation formulas. The process involved taking readings from setup to setup, changing locations when points could no longer be read clearly. This allowed the students to learn concepts of differential leveling and how to determine unknown elevations from known benchmarks.

Uploaded by

PatrickTulay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
792 views10 pages

Field Work No. 4 Differential Leveling: Mapúa Institute of Technology

This document summarizes a fieldwork assignment on differential leveling. The objectives were to determine the backsight, height of instrument, and foresight of turning points along a 300m land area to compute the elevation of each station. Tools used included a precise level, tripod, leveling rod, range pole, and 50m tape. Students measured points every 10m, recording backsight, foresight, and intermediate foresight readings to compute elevations using the height of instrument and elevation formulas. The process involved taking readings from setup to setup, changing locations when points could no longer be read clearly. This allowed the students to learn concepts of differential leveling and how to determine unknown elevations from known benchmarks.

Uploaded by

PatrickTulay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

MAPÚA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila


School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

FIELD WORK NO. 4


DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING

COURSE AND SECTION: CE 120-02F/A1

SUBMITTED BY:

SN: 2

NAME: Tulay, Andrei Patrick I. STUDENT NUMBER: 2016141644

GROUP NO: 1 CHIEF OF PARTY: Tulay, Patrick I.

DATE OF FIELDWORK: September 13, 2019

DATE OF SUBMISSION: September 25, 2019

SUBMITTED TO:
GRADE
PROFESSOR: ENGR. BIENVENIDO CERVANTES
INTRODUCTION

Differential leveling is the process of measuring vertical distances from a known


elevation point to determine elevations of unknown points. The most common methods to
determine elevation are through the use of 1) a compensator type, automatic (engineering
level) and level rod(s), and 2) an electronic digital barcode leveling instrument with
barcode rod. A thorough knowledge of leveling principles and proper application of
methods and equipment will prevent costly delays and generate the needed results and
accuracy. (Figure 1.)

Figure 1.Differential leveling

One of the most common applications of differential leveling is to run a circuit of sights to
determine the elevations of one or more bench marks relative to a previously established
bench mark. The procedure for differential leveling will be described using this type of
circuit, illustrated schematically in Figure 15.9. The diagram shows that three instrument
setups were made in traveling from BM1 to BM2. Also note that a "return check" was made
between BM2 and BM1, and that three more setups were made in this phase of the survey.
(Figure 2.)

Figure 2.
Method of differential leveling
OBJECTIVE

 Students learn the concepts of differential leveling.


 Students learn to use precise level.
 To determine the Back sight, Height of the Instrument, Foresight of each turning
point of the 300meter land chosen.
 To compute for the elevation of each station of the 300meter land chosen.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

 Precise Level – was used to determine the Back sight, Foresight and Height of the
Instrument
 Tripod – was used to help the Precise Level stay stabilized while measuring the said
data
 Levelling Rod – was used to guide the Precise Level determine the measurements
stated
 Range Pole – was used to guide the elevation of the 50m tape while measuring a
300m distance from the Precise Level
 50m Tape – was used to measure a 300m distance from the Precise Level
 Chalk – was used as a guide in determining the points of the pentagonal land area
chosen.

INSTRUCTION

 Prepare all the materials, tools and equipment needed. Make sure that all the
equipment does not have any damage. If there is report it to the facilitator
immediately.
 Choose a location where you could measure a 300m distance from a station 0.
 Upon arriving to a chosen location, measure a 300m distance from a starting point.
Since the tape is only 50m, we advise that one should measure 10m for each station
in order to also consider the precise measurements needed for the data.
 Label each station using the chalk.
 Place the Precise Level to a specific point, somehow in the middle of the first five
stations.
 Set-up the Precise Level and make sure that the bubble is at the center.
 Let another person hold the Leveling Rod on the first station. The first reading will
be placed under the Back-sight data. An initial elevation was given by Prof.
Cervantes in order to compute for the height of the instrument before the first turning
point.
 Let the person holding the Leveling Rod move to the next station
 Measure the Foresight by simply reading the measurement. Repeat the steps 8 to 9
until the readings cannot be read anymore.
 Once the readings cannot be seen, move to another Turning point and repeat the steps
5 to 9.
 Once all the data is gathered compute for the Elevation for each station.
FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK 4 (DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING)


DATE: September 13, 2019 GROUP NO. 1
TIME: 9 A.M. – 4:30 P.M. LOCATION: Colegio de San Juan de Letran
WEATHER: Cloudy PROFESSOR: Engr. Cervantes

STATION B.S. H.I. F.S. I.F.S. ELEV


BM1 0.975m 27.15m - - 25.8m
+010 - - - 1.00m 25.775m
+020 - - - 1.095m 25.68m
+030 - - - 1.17m 25.605m
+040 - - - 1.26m 25.515m
+050 - - - 1.285m 25.49m
+060 - - - 1.29 25.485m
+070 - - - 1.40m 25.375m
+080 - - - 1.17m 25.605m
TP1 +090 1.26m 27.06m 1.20m 1.275 25.86m
+100 - - - - 25.74m
+110 - - - 1.42m 25.725m
+120 - - - 1.40m 25.635m
+130 - - - 1.41m 25.615m
+140 - - - 1.40m 25.61m
TP2 +150 1.585m 27.385m 1.41m - 25.975m
+160 - - - 1.435m 25.765m
+170 - - - 1.44m 25.77m
+180 - - - 1.385m 25.765m
+190 - - - 1.32m 25.775m
TP3 +200 1.345m 27.145m 1.74m - 25.405m
+210 - - - 1.365m 25.76m
+220 - - - 1.33m 25.785m
+230 - - - 1.255m 25.88m
+240 - - - 1.205m 25.725m
+250 - - - - 25.915m
TP4 +260 1.41m 27.21m 1.1m 1.32m 25.11m
+270 - - - 1.29m 25.85m
+280 - - - 1.28m 25.9m
+290 - - - 1.29m 25.94m
+300 - - 1.225m - 25.98m

COMPUTATION

FORMULAS

H.I. = ASSUMED ELEVATION + B.S.

ELEVATION = H.I. – F.S.

SOLVING FOR H.I.

H.I. = 25.8m + 1.35m

H.I. = 27.15m

SOLVING FOR ELEVATION OF 00+010

ELEVATION = 27.15m – 1.53mm

ELEVATION = 25.775m
DISCUSSION

In this fieldwork, we were determine the measuring vertical distances from a known
elevation point to determine elevations of unknown points using precise level. We
instructed to measure 300m by dividing each point in 10 m. In first bench mark, we obtain
the first back sight that measured by precise level. Engr. Cervantes gives as initial elevation
25.8 above the sea level and by the data given we obtain the initial height of instrument that
indicated in table. After computing the height of instrument proceed the next 10m point. In
the second part of viewing in the precise level the next will you see is the IFS or
Intermediate Foresight this is will your becoming back sight or new sight for the new point
and it continue this process while you clearly see the leveling ro. If the number or level in
leveling rod is harder to see now, you will change your position and that called TP1 or
Turning point 1. If turning point occur there are new back sight and new height of
instrument that computed by adding back sight and elevation (HI=BS+ELEV). This process
will continue to acquire the 300m bench mark (BM2). I will discuss the part of differential
leveling in second paragraph.

Leveling is classified into three types: geometric leveling, trigonometric leveling,


and precise leveling. In geometric leveling the difference of height between two points is
determined by differences of readings to the leveling rod placed on those points. The
readings are made with a leveling instrument.

Figure 3. Concepts of differential leveling


While in trigonometric leveling the difference in elevation between two points is
determined by measuring distance (slope or horizontal) and vertical angle.

Figure 4. Angle of elevation


And lastly, precise leveling is a particularly accurate method of geometric
leveling which uses highly accurate levels and with a more rigorous observing
procedure than general engineering leveling. In precise leveling we aim to achieve
high orders of accuracy such as 1 mm per 1 km traverse.

FIGURE 5. Precise level


CONCLUSION

On this field work, we tried to determine the difference in elevation between


two points, both of which are accessible from a single point of observation using a
dumpy level and find the elevation of a point from a benchmark of unknown
elevation. Based on the data gathered, the elevation of the ground we observed is not
really leveled. The ground elevation fluctuates from a range of 0 to 6 cm.

According from the lecture being discussed, a well-leveled ground should have
the same elevation with respect to the sea level. The common sources of error on this
field work are the inaccurate reading of measurements, human errors and instrumental
errors. Human errors include not holding the leveling rod in a vertical position. While
instrumental errors include if the instrument/s used for getting the data in the field
work, which is precise level for this field work, is/are defective or if the instrument’s
bubble is not centered.

RECOMMENDATION

It is recommended to have patience in doing the field work because this field
work has so much part and a lot to be done. Also check first if the measuring tape is
completely perpendicular to the ground before recording the measurement to lessen
the error that might be acquired. Using a plumb bob is also recommended to see if the
measuring tape is perpendicular to the ground. Team work is also required for this
experiment because everyone has their assigned task to do to finish the field work on
time. Follow the instructions on the manual carefully to avoid errors.
DOCUMENTS

You might also like