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Fun Projects 23 Chapter PDF

The document describes a circuit that uses a touch sensor and relay to allow appliances or equipment to be turned on and off by touching the sensor, with no risk of electric shock as the control circuit is isolated from the power line. It provides details on the components, schematics, power requirements and applications for the touch on/off circuit. The circuit uses a 555 timer and 4013 flip-flop to control a relay via a transistor that switches loads on and off depending on whether the sensor is touched.

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83 views

Fun Projects 23 Chapter PDF

The document describes a circuit that uses a touch sensor and relay to allow appliances or equipment to be turned on and off by touching the sensor, with no risk of electric shock as the control circuit is isolated from the power line. It provides details on the components, schematics, power requirements and applications for the touch on/off circuit. The circuit uses a 555 timer and 4013 flip-flop to control a relay via a transistor that switches loads on and off depending on whether the sensor is touched.

Uploaded by

tihomiho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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loriln Hmilmrmel

tunPtoiGcts

TOUCHON/TOUCHOFF RELAY (P)


I
AO-powered appliances, suchas lamps,smallhomeappliances, toolsand
otheritems,can be controlledby yourfingertipsusingthis circuit.Also,test
equipment andexperiments can be controlled
by thiscircuit.Youcanturnon
any load by first touchingtime sensorX1, then turn it otf by touchingXl
again.Thereis no shockhazard,as the controlcircuitis completelyisolated
fromthe AC powerline.

The controlcircuitis poweredfrom four or eightAA cells,or, if you prefer,a


powersupplyrangingfrom 6 lo 12 voltsaccordingto the relaycoil.

powersuppliesbecausetheyare not isolatedfrom


Don'tusetransformerless
the AC powerlineand can causesevereshocksand shorts.

The schematicdiagramof theTouchOnffouchOff Relayis givenin Figure 1.


The circuitusestwo lOs.The 555 timerworksas a monostable, producing
one controlpulsewhenthe sensoris touched.The 4013 is a flip-flopthat
controlsthe relayby a transistor.

Components placementon a homemadeprinted-circuit boardis as shownin


Figure2. Componentlayoutshouldbe alteredif the relayusedin the project
is an equivalentof the type indicatedin partslist.

Relaycoil voltageis determinedby the powersupplyvoltageand the load


currentrequirement.Youcan use a mini 1A DPDT(RadioShack275-2491
12V,280ohm,43 mA,andwireit as shownin thefigure,or useanothertype
of relay,dependingon the loadrequirements.

A 10A SPDT mini-relay(RadioShack 275-278)is suitablefor heavyduty


appliances.

As a simplerule,you can use a 6- or 12-voltrelaywith coil currentsranging


from 10 to 100mA andcontactsup to 10A,accordingto the taskyou havein
mind.

Positionsof the polarizedcomponents,suchas the diode,electrolytic


capaci-
tors and transistor,shouldbe observed.

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Figure 1

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Figure 2

Sensorarethe Sameas the'TouchSwitch"pQect describedin this book.

Don't use metallicbox to housethe device,as there are parts connected


directlyto the AC powerline.Be sure that thereare no powerline contacts
withthe lowvoltagecircuitto avoidshocksand dangerousshorts.

The loadis connectedas shownin Figure 3, to be ON whenthe relaycoil is


energized.Youcan also use the normallyclosedcontactsto turn otf a load
whenthe relaycoil is energized.

Rememberthat currentrequirements are highwhenthe relaycoil is ener-


That is
gizedand lowwhenthe transistorQ2 is otf (relaycoil nonenergized).
an importantfactorto considerif you are usingbatteriesto powerthe unit.

$2
ErleG[20 Iffi mtltrEl0rr.trr

plugthe
Afteryouaresurethatyouhavewiredallpartsofthecircuitcorrectly,
powercordintothewallsocket.
Youcannowtestthecircuit.
Connecta loadto theoutput(relaycontacts) Theload
andtouchthesensor.
shouldbe powered ONif all is OK.

PartsList -Touch On/TouchOff Relay


lC1 - 555 Integratedcircuit- timer

lC2 - 40138CMOSintegratedcircuit- dualflip-flop

Q1,2 - 8C548General-purpose
NPNsilicontransistors

D1 - 1N914General-purpose
silicondiode

K1 - Relay- see text

R1,2, 5 - 100,000ohm,114W,5%
resistors

R3,4 - 47,OOO
ohm,114W,57o
resistors

RO - 1,000ohm,114W,5%
resistor

Cl - 1 uF,25 WVDCelectrolytic
capacitor

C2 - 0.1 uF ceramicor metalfilm capacitor

Cg - 4.7 uF,12 WVDCelectrolytic


capacitor

C4 - 100 uF,16 WVDCelectrolytic


capacitor

S1 - SPSTtoggleor slideswitch

81 - 6 or 12V (accordingto relay)- see text

X1,2 - sensor- seetext

fl8
I
I
HntnffiLlt
' : Inchm -

-r < !

1l
11rv I I
JI

Figure3

ldeasto ExPlore
Tolearnmoreaboutthe circuitor to get betterperformance:
o Betterperformance can be obtainedby replacingQl with a
suchas a 8C517.
transistor,
Darlington
o A 100,000 ohmpotentiometerplacedbetween thebaseof Q1and
thenegativepoleof thepowersupplywillgivea sensitivity
adjustment
forthecircuit.
as usedin thiscircuit,works,andthefunc-
o Explainhowa flip-flop,
tionof theC3/R5networkin thisproject.Explainwhythecurrentflow-
ingthroughthefingerswhenthesensoris toucheddoesn'tcauseany
shockhazard.
o Depending youcanpoweroN theloadwhen
upontheapplication,
is possible
(toreducepowerconsumption).That
relayis notenergized
usingthe normallyclosedcontactsof the relay.

-
u
PililiGr2E lffim/rdclffirffiu

Scienceprojects uses:
anduncommon
. By connecting a reedswitchbetweenpointsX1 andX2 you can
usethecircuitto detectmovement itemsinexperiments
of mechanical
or projects.
Justatfixa magnetonthe item
moving to actontheswitch.
o Experiments
withanimals withthiscircuitbyusing
canbeconducted
connected
transducers
appropriate X1 andX2.
between
o An LDRcan be usedto controlthe circuitwitha flashof light.A
lantern,
cigarette onor otf.
lighteletc.,canbeusedto turnappliances

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