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    Disease Condition: Definition

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    preet kaur
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of breathlessness and wheezing. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors like allergens, infections, air pollutants, and stress. The pathophysiology involves activation of inflammatory cells and mediators by triggers, leading to bronchospasm, mucus production, and airway obstruction. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Management focuses on reducing inflammation and bronchospasm with medications like corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and leukotriene inhibitors along with patient education on proper inhaler technique and trigger avoidance.

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    Disease Condition: Definition

    Uploaded by

    preet kaur
    24 views5 pages
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of breathlessness and wheezing. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors like allergens, infections, air pollutants, and stress. The pathophysiology involves activation of inflammatory cells and mediators by triggers, leading to bronchospasm, mucus production, and airway obstruction. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Management focuses on reducing inflammation and bronchospasm with medications like corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and leukotriene inhibitors along with patient education on proper inhaler technique and trigger avoidance.

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    BROCHIAL ASTHMA

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    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of breathlessness and wheezing. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors like allergens, infections, air pollutants, and stress. The pathophysiology involves activation of inflammatory cells and mediators by triggers, leading to bronchospasm, mucus production, and airway obstruction. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Management focuses on reducing inflammation and bronchospasm with medications like corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and leukotriene inhibitors along with patient education on proper inhaler technique and trigger avoidance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    24 views5 pages

    Disease Condition: Definition

    Uploaded by

    preet kaur
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of breathlessness and wheezing. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors like allergens, infections, air pollutants, and stress. The pathophysiology involves activation of inflammatory cells and mediators by triggers, leading to bronchospasm, mucus production, and airway obstruction. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Management focuses on reducing inflammation and bronchospasm with medications like corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and leukotriene inhibitors along with patient education on proper inhaler technique and trigger avoidance.

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    DISEASE CONDITION

    DEFINITION:- Asthma is the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes
    an increase in airway responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of breathlessness.

    CAUSES

     Genetic predisposition
     Allergens: This results in hyper responsiveness of the airways.
     Exercise: Asthma can be exacerated during physical exertion like jogging,
    aerobics, walking and climbing stairs.
     Air Pollutants: various air pollutants like cigarette smoking, vehicle exhausts and
    nitrogen di oxide can trigger asthma attacks.
     Occupational factors: Occupational agents such as wood, vegetable dust,
    chemicals and paints cancause hyperresponsiveness of asthma and can exacerbate
    asthma attacks
     Respiratory Infections: influenza, rhino virus are most commonly affects the
    children and can be a cause for the incidence of asthma.
     Drugs & addictives: Aspirin, salicylic acid & NSAIDS are found to trigger asthma
    attacks.
     Gastro esophageal Reflux disease: when the food contents are aspirated in to the
    lungs it can cause broncho constriction and trigger asthma.
     Psychologic States: Emotional stress like crying, laughing, angre and sudden fear
    can exaggerate the disease proce
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    Allergens, Infection, Irritants & exercise

    Activation of IgE immune mediators

    Release of inflammatory mediators like neutrophils,

    leukocytes and eosinophils

    Bronchospasm of the airways

    Congestion of the airways

    Increased mucus secretion


    Impaired mucociliary function of the airways

    Thickening of the airways

    Bronchial hyper responsiveness

    Airway Obstruction

    CLINCAL MANIFESTATION

     Wheezing
     Breathlessness
     Dyspnea
     Chest tightness
     Suffocation
     Diminished breath sounds
     Hypertension
     Sinus tachycardia
     Cough
     Pulsus Parodoxus (A drop in the systolic pressure of more than 10mmhg during
    inspiration)

    DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

     Detailed history regarding previous asthma attacks, allergens, childhood history of


    asthma etc.
     Allergen skin test to identify the allergies of the patient
     Pulmonary function tests to identify the lung compliance
     ABG analysis shows hypoxemia (PaO2<60mmhg) & SaO2 (<90%)
     Serum Eosinophil count elevated(02-06%)
     Chest X-Ray to identify infiltration or consolidation of the lungs
     Sputum culture to identify for any presence of respiratory infections

    MANAGEMENT

     Anti Inflammatory Drugs: to reduce infalmmation and bronchoconstriction


     Corticosteroid like hydrocortisone, solu-medrol.
     Leukotriene inhibitors like Zileuton
     Mast cell stablisers like cromolyn, Nedacromil
    . Anticholinergics: to reduce mucus production and supress cough
    - Ipatropium nubulisation
    - IgE Antagonist like Omalizamub
     β-Adrenergic Antagonist : to treat hyperresponsiveness of the airways and block the
    mucus production
     Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Levalbuterol, Salmetrol & epinephrine
    . Bronchodilators: to dilate the bronchus
    - Aminophylline, Deriphylline.
    Supportive therapy like oxygen administration, continuous positive airway pressure ventilation
    & mechanical Ventilation.
    Inhaler therapy to prevent acute exacerbations of Asthma.

    PATIENT TEACHING

     Teach the client about the medication information its dosage and routes of administration
     Teach the client about the use of inhaler therapy such as metered dose inhalers
     Advice the client to avoid over the counter drugs
     Advice the client to avoid allergens

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