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Contraceptives

Submitted by:

BSN Level IV- Group 3

Begonia, Mark Lester J.


Buna, Joy N.
Callos, Ma. Lina G.
Eslao, Reginald B.
Jader, Shere Ann A.
Laynesa,Joanne U.
Lim, Aurora P.
Nono, Ma. Franine Alyssa D.
Quiña, Eliza Marie F.
Rebellion, Mary Ann R.
Sobrevega, Reysie P.
Sotalbo, John Paul V.

Submitted to:

Mr. Michael Isanan, RN,RM,MAN(CAR)

January 15, 2011


Birth control are techniques and include contraception (the
prevention of fertilization), contragestion (preventing
the implantation of theblastocyst) and abortion (the removal or
expulsion of a fetus or embryo from the uterus). The techniques and
methods frequently overlap and many birth control techniques and
methods are not strictly contraceptive as fertilization or conception
may occur. Contraception include barrier methods, such
as condoms or diaphragm, hormonal contraception, also known as oral
contraception, and injectable contraceptives. Contragestives, also
known as post-coital birth control, include intrauterine devices and
what is known as the morning after pill.
Natural Methods
Calendar Method

Advanced Woman Calendar is a new easy to use user-


friendly personal ovulation calendar of menstrual cycles,
ovulations and safe days for love.
It helps you to achieve or avoid pregnancy or even get baby
gender prediction.
Advanced Woman Calendar helps you to use natural
contraception method. It shows you the fertile days,
ovulation days and predicts your baby's gender.
The results are presented as a color-coded calendar.
Cervical Mucus Billing Method

A method which women use to monitor their fertility, by


identifying when they are fertile and when they
are infertile during each menstrual cycle. Users pay
attention to the sensation at their vulva, and the appearance
of any vaginal discharge. This information can be used to
achieve or avoid pregnancy during regular or
irregular cycles, breastfeeding, and peri-menopause.
Lactational Amenorrhea

Lactational amenorrhoea is a contraceptive method which


capitalises on the natural contraceptive effect of lactation
(breastfeeding). While a woman is lactating (producing
breast milk), the levels of a hormone in her body,
called prolactin, increase significantly. This rise in prolactin
suppresses ovulation (the release of an egg from the
ovaries) and in doing so prevents pregnancy. Women who
breastfeed exclusively (feed their infant only breast milk and
do not substitute with other foods) do not usually ovulate for
at least 6 months after childbirth and 94% of women who
continue breastfeeding for 12 months after childbirth, do not
return to ovulation (and are therefore protected from
pregnancy) in this time.
Sympthermal Method

Using all three methods: temperature, cervical mucus, and


calendar are called the symptothermal method. The
symptothermal method allows a woman to be more accurate
in predicting her safe days than if she uses any one of the
methods alone. When using these methods together, the
signs of one can be used to confirm those of the others.
Combining methods also permits sexual relations during the
early dry days, and shortens the period of abstinence
necessary for complete protection when using the
temperature method alone.
Artificial Methods
Condom

A male condom is a thin sheath (usually made of latex, a


type of rubber) that is worn on the penis. A female condom
is a polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at either end.
One end is closed and inserted into the vagina; the other
end is open and the ring sits outside the opening of the
vagina. The male condom, sometimes called a "rubber" or
"prophylactic," is far more commonly used.
Contraceptive Pill

Oral contraceptives contain female sex hormones in doses


that present ovulation. Taken regularly, they provide
outstanding protection, but there are long and short-term
side effects and users need regular medical checkups.
Various types are available to meet individual needs
Cervical Cap and Diaphragm

Both devices block the entry of sperm to the uterus. Users


need to be fitted by a doctor or nurse and taught insertion
and removal. Reliability is good when used with a spermicide
and left in place for about eight hours after intercourse.
Female Condom

One of the newer barrier methods uses a tube of


polyurethane plastic held in place by flexible rings to line the
vagina. It is bulkier than the male condom but does not
require spermicide and can be inserted any time before
intercourse. Reliability is as good as for the male condom.
Vaginal Sponge

A modern version of an ancient idea uses a disc of


polyurethane foam imprecnated with spermicide. Sponges
are disposable but need to be left in for six hours after
intercourse. They are not very effective. Spermicides -are
available as creams, pessaries, foams or gels. They destroy
sperm chemically and most kill the AIDs virus. On their own
they are not very effective, but work well with most
condoms, diaphragms and caps.
Hormonal Contraceptive Implants

Soft tubes that slowly release synthetic progesterone are


inserted under the skin of the upper arm under local
anesthetic. The hormone makes a womb less likely to accept
a fertilized egg and may also stop ovulation. The
contraceptive effect can last five years. The procedure takes
ten minutes and no stitches are needed. However, many
women suffer side effects such as irregular bleeding,
headaches and nausea. Removal can sometimes be difficult.
Contraceptive Injections

Depending on the drug brand, injections of synthetic


progesterone can be given every 8 to 12 weeks. Like the
pill, they prevent ovulation and are highly effective. It is
suitable for women who cannot remember to take a pill
everyday.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)

A small plastic and metal device placed in the womb


provides extremely reliable contraception. Drawbacks can
include heavy periods and an increased risk of infection, so
not generally advised for women who have not had children.
Doctor or nurse must do the fitting. Condom - latex rubber
condoms are simple, safe and effective, particularly if used
with spermicide. They also offer the best protection against
sexually transmitted diseases. Men may find sensation is
reduced, and some couples feel condoms interfere with
spontaneity.
Contraceptive Patch

It looks like a square band-aid. It is applied to the abdomen,


buttocks, upper arm, or upper torso. The Patch is changed
each week for a schedule of 3 weeks on and 1 week off. The
Contraceptive Patch works by slowly releasing a combination
of estrogen and progestin hormones through the skin. These
hormones prevent ovulation (release of an egg from the
ovary) and thicken the cervical mucus, creating a barrier to
prevent sperm from entering the uterus. When used
correctly, it is about 99% effective as birth control except for
women weighing 198 pounds or more when it is only about
92% effective.
Spermicides

This are barrier birth control methods that are bought over
the counter. Once inserted, these contraceptives kill sperm.
Vaginal spermicides are available in several forms:
spermicidal jelly, cream, foam, tablets, suppositories,
sponge and film. Spermicide is inserted into the vagina just
before sex to prevent pregnancy. Although spermicide is 71-
85% effective when used by itself, it is more most effective
when used with another method of birth control (like
a condom or diaphragm).
Permanent Methods
Normal anatomy Procedure Aftercare

Tubal Ligation

It is a permanent contraceptive method in which a woman's


fallopian tubes are tied off (ligated). Once the tubes have been
tied, pregnancy is prevented as eggs are no longer released
into the fallopian tubes where they can be fertilised. Tubal
ligation is a surgical procedure requiring anaesthesia, however
women who are breastfeeding can still safely undergo the
surgery.
Vasectomy

A vasectomy to cut or tie off the vas deferens (which carries


sperm) renders men sterile but does not affect potency.
Semen is produced primarily by the seminal vesicles (60
percent) and the prostate (30 to 35 percent) with lubricant
from Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands. The vas deferens
carry sperm from the testicles during ejaculation but provide
only a very small amount of the volume of semen.
Therefore, if you have a vasectomy to prevent the sperm
from entering the semen, you will notice no difference in the
character or volume of your semen.

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