School Sports Guidance: Return to Competition for

Competitive Athletics and Activities in Maine

The Maine Principals’ Association (MPA), drawing on the expertise of the National
Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), the Maine Interscholastic Athletic
Administrators Association (MIAAA), Maine Department of Education (MDOE), Maine
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Maine Department of Community and
Economic Development (DCED), and MPA Sports Medicine Advisory Committee (SMAC),
offers this document as “School Sports Guidance” on how MPA member schools may
consider approaching competitive athletics and activities in Maine for the 2020-2021 school
year (currently the MPA individual sport considerations are just for fall sports).The MPA has
sought and received approval from the Maine School Superintendents Association (MSSA)
on this School Sports Guidance as well. While we all remain concerned about the dangers
of COVID-19, we believe it is essential to the physical and mental well-being of high school
students across the state that efforts be made to return to physical activity and athletic
competition where that can occur in a reasonably safe environment.
The considerations outlined in this document are meant to decrease potential exposure of
COVID-19 in sports and activities to a degree that competition, at both the community level
and the school-based level, can occur when safe. The School Sports Guidance generally
aligns with the General Guidance for Community Sports Activities that was updated by the
State of Maine on September 1, 2020. The School Sport Guidance includes additional
protections since these sports are taking place on school property and participants interact
with other students and school staff who have not volunteered for these activities. Note that
the Departments only reviewed the general guidance and not its sports-specific
recommendations which the MPA has aligned with the general guidance.
As we continue to gain more information, this Guidance may be adjusted or even
suspended to adapt to an ever-changing environment.
The Maine Principals’ Association, along with the Maine School Superintendents
Association, the Maine Athletic Administrators Association, and State officials, are
committed to maximizing the athletic opportunities for student-athletes across Maine and
will remain flexible in considering that certain sports may be impacted differently, and post-
season play may need to be modified.

Based on currently known information, the MPA Sports Medicine Advisory Committee
believes that STRICT ADHERENCE by schools and teams to these guidelines, and to each
district’s COVID-19 prevention plan, should provide a reasonably safe environment for
return to educational programming and school-based athletics and community-based
athletics. It is important to remember that all sports and activities carry a potential risk of
injury and illness. The risk of contracting COVID-19 illness is in addition to the underlying
risks of a given sport or activity. It is also important to note that participation in any
competitive sport and/or activity is strictly voluntary for both the individuals and the schools.

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Reducing exposure to respiratory droplets through physical distancing and face coverings,
as well as increased hand hygiene and avoidance of shared and common touch items,
remain the primary tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Because of the increased
possibility of infection through droplets, vigorous exercise in closely confined spaces should
be avoided.

Sports and activities present multiple challenges in the effective use of primary prevention
strategies. These challenges include:

 Risk of exposure to the virus due to close physical proximity during sports and
activities through participation in the sport activity itself, group seating, and group
travel.
 Increased risk during intense and sustained physical contact whether purposeful or
accidental.
 Increased projection of respiratory particles during cardiovascular activities, yelling or
shouting as part of play, or common sneezing or coughing. This increase in
projection of droplets can be up to 14 feet. Face coverings are an effective tool to
reduce the risk of viral transmission between individuals.

Relationship to School District Plans

Maine’s Framework for Reopening Schools and Returning to In-Person Instruction

(Framework) directs school administrative units to develop plans that meet Maine
Department of Education requirements for public health safety during the COVID-19
pandemic. The Framework also includes recommendations for districts to consider in
developing their plans. School district-specific plans apply to school sports as well as other
extra-curricular activities. This includes but is not limited to the requirement for all adults and
children age five and above to wear a mask / face covering. The only exceptions to the
mask requirement are for students with documented medical or behavioral challenges,
adults who have medical reasons for being unable to wear face coverings, and during
vigorous physical exercise. Face coverings are required at all times except for the limited
instances in which exercise is vigorous and increases the work of breathing, making
wearing a face covering intolerable. This requirement includes but is not limited to sports
that involve moderate intensity exercise or at times when exercising is not intense, while
seated on the bench, during stretching and warmups, during pre-and post-game activities
(e.g., coin toss, meeting with officials, interviews, celebrations), during coaching strategy
sessions, and when entering and leaving the playing area. The mask is most effective when
it remains dry and unsoiled.

Adoption of the School Sports Guidance, like other State-developed or recognized

guidance, is voluntary and a pre-condition for any school sports to take place. If a school
district cannot feasibly implement and enforce the Guidance, it should not allow sports in its
schools. Each school district should also align school sports with other elements of its plan.
For example, a school district’s limits on the number of people in school facilities for in-
person instruction should apply to school sports as well. And, the school district’s rules for
transportation and the use of spaces like locker rooms should apply to school sports. Since
each school district plan is different, the school administrative unit will adjust this Guidance
as necessary for its own set of school sports.

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The Maine DHHS and Maine CDC have developed a Health Advisory System to categorize
counties for school district’s use. “Green” suggests that the county has a relatively low risk
of COVID-19 spread and that schools may consider in-person instruction, if they can meet
each of the minimum health and safety requirements. “Yellow” suggests that a county has
an elevated risk of COVID-19 spread, so schools may consider additional precautions to
reduce the number of people in classrooms at any one time and decrease interactions and
risk. This includes school sports: given the somewhat greater risk of sports than in-person
education, school districts should suspend competitions and group practices, and apply the
same or greater reductions in school sport activities that it applies to in-person education.
“Red” suggests a county has a high risk of COVID-19 spread and that in-person instruction
and all school sports are inadvisable. The county-level color designations are advisory for
school administrators. Those administrators may consider local conditions and make their
own decisions.

Framework for Assessing the Risk of Sports and Recreation Activities

The risk of participating in sports and recreation activities is determined by a combination of

(1) risk of transmission of COVID-19 inherent to each sport in terms of duration and
proximity of contact (e.g. golf versus rugby) and (2) risk associated with the type of play
(e.g. skill-building drills, within-team competition, competition between teams from different
geographic areas).

Type of Play

The following types of play are defined by level from least to greatest risk. Across all types
of play, keep players together in small, stable groups (i.e. cohorts) with dedicated coaches
or staff. Ideally, these cohorts should include fewer than 30 individuals.

 Level 1: Performing skill-building drills or conditioning at home, alone or with

household members
 Level 2: Team-based practice with physically distanced group activities
 Level 3: Within-team competition (e.g. intra-squad scrimmages). This level of play
involves one cohort of participants.
 Level 4: Competition between teams from the same geographic area (e.g. the same
county and in some cases adjacent counties). This level of play involves two cohorts
of participants.
 Level 5: Competition between teams from different geographic areas within Maine
 Level 6: Competition between teams from different states

Note: Individuals traveling or returning to Maine must follow the executive order on travel
and rules explained in the Keep Maine Healthy plan. This includes a requirement that all
out-of-state travelers coming into Maine, as well as Maine residents returning to Maine,
complete a 14-day quarantine upon arrival or have a negative COVID-19 PCR test no
longer than 72 hours of arrival with quarantine while waiting for the result (unless that travel
is to or from an exempted state). Check the website of the Maine Centers for Disease
Control for updated information on exemptions to this requirement. Please note that
competition between teams from different states is not recommended at this time.

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Type of play allowed, based on risk level of sport or activity

At this time, sports are restricted to the types of play presented in the table below based on
the level of risk associated with the sport or activity. During all activities, the public health
measures in this guidance must be followed (e.g., hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfecting,
face coverings, etc.) These recommendations will be updated as conditions change.

Levels of Play
Risk level characteristics Examples
Allowed

Lower Risk

 Sports and activities that can Examples: Batting cages, tennis, Levels 1-5
be done with physical pickleball, individual swimming, (indoor or
distancing and no physical catch, disc golf, golf, individual outdoor)
contact biking, surfing, horseback riding,
 Sports and activities that can crew/sailing, fishing, hunting,
be done individually motor sports, gymnastics,
weightlifting, single sculling,
throwing events (javelin, shot put,
discus, hammer), jumping events
(high jump, pole vault, long jump,
triple jump), skiing, cross country
events where physical distance
can be maintained
Moderate Risk

 Sports and activities that Examples: Baseball, softball, Levels 1-3

involve intermittent close team swimming, fencing, soccer, (indoor or
proximity or limited, basketball, lacrosse, ice hockey, outdoor)
incidental contact, but with competitive and sideline cheer,
protective equipment or martial arts, ultimate frisbee, Level 4
mitigating measures in place running events where physical (outdoor only)
that may reduce the distance cannot be maintained,
likelihood of respiratory
field hockey, pair figure skating,
particle transmission
between participants (e.g., volleyball, 7 vs. 7 flag (touch)
wearing masks, modifying football
play to maintain 6 feet of
physical distance, cleaning
and disinfecting)

Higher Risk

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 Levels of Play
Risk level characteristics Examples
Allowed

 Sports and activities that Examples: Football, wrestling, Levels 1-3

involve sustained close rugby, boxing (indoor or
contact between outdoor;
participants, lack of outdoor
significant protective recommended)
barriers, and high probability
that respiratory particles will
be transmitted between
participants

High-Risk Populations

1. Vulnerable or high-risk populations require special consideration for sporting

activities.
2. Individuals should discuss the risk of COVID-19 with their primary care provider to
determine if sports activities are a safe option for them or their child, with
consideration for individuals at higher risk with whom they or a member of their
household group may be living or interacting with.
3. The following populations are at higher risk. Higher risk should be considered
regarding participation in sporting activities as a player or a coach (and in some
settings, as a spectator):
a. People 65 or older
b. People who live in a nursing home or long-term care facility
c. People of all ages with underlying medical conditions, particularly if not well
controlled including:
i. People with chronic lung disease or moderate to severe asthma
ii. People who have serious heart conditions
iii. People who are immunocompromised: Many conditions can cause a
person to be immunocompromised, including cancer treatment,
smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation, immune deficiencies,
poorly controlled HIV or AIDS, and prolonged use of corticosteroids and
other immune weakening medications
iv. People with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 40 or higher)
v. People with diabetes
vi. People with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis
vii. People with liver disease
4. Consider offering options for individuals at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-
19, such as virtual coaching and in-home drills that limit their exposure risk.

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General Guidance

1. Organizers of competitive sports and activities are responsible for limiting the number
of individuals that can gather in a shared space, in accordance with the Governor’s
Executive Order on gathering size limits, currently set at 50 people indoors and 100
people outdoors or fewer if distancing rules cannot be accommodated.
a. Players, coaches, volunteers, officials, and spectators count toward the
gathering limit.
b. If a space cannot accommodate the gathering limit without complying with the
six-foot distancing requirement, occupancy in that space must be limited to
allow for such compliance.
2. Require individuals to wear a face covering when physical distancing is difficult to
maintain, per CDC recommendations and pertinent Executive Orders from the Office
of the Governor.
a. Face coverings are not currently recommended for players during active
practice or competition, although athletes may wear face coverings during
vigorous activity if they chose to do so. Face coverings must be used when not
engaged in vigorous activity (e.g. during low to moderate intensity exercise,
during coaching strategy sessions, in bench area).
b. Unless the governing body for your sport has a specific recommendation
regarding plastic face shields, do not wear them in place of a face covering
given potential safety risks.
c. Face coverings must be worn by coaches, staff, officials, and spectators.
d. To facilitate the use of a face covering, coaches and officials must use an
artificial noisemaker such as an air horn in place of a whistle or keep the
whistle inside the face covering.
3. Require individuals to maintain 6 feet of physical distance from individuals who are
not part of their household group whenever possible.
a. Organizers should identify staff members or volunteers to help maintain
physical distancing among players, coaches, umpires/referees, and
spectators.
b. Space players at least 6 feet apart whenever possible (e.g., during warmup,
skill building activities, simulation drills, when explaining drills or the rules of
the game).
c. Spectators must maintain 6 feet of physical distance between themselves and
other spectators as well as players. Prohibiting cheering and yelling is
recommended. Clapping, ringing cowbells, and other activities that do not
involve the projection of respiratory droplets are low-risk alternatives.
d. Discourage unnecessary physical contact, such as high fives, handshakes, fist
bumps, or hugs

Communicating COVID-19 Policies

1. Inform participants and spectators of the district COVID-19 policies and procedures
in advance, if possible, via website, newsletters, social media channels, etc.
a. Coaches are encouraged to send a welcome email or call players and/or
parents to inform them about actions that the program will take to protect

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 players. During these calls, coaches should remind them to stay home if they
are sick or have been around someone who is sick.
2. Place signage at entrances and throughout the venue alerting individuals to required
gathering limits, physical distancing requirements, face covering policies, symptoms
of COVID-19, and other health and hygiene reminders. The federal CDC has
developed free, printable posters on these topics (see: Print Resources; For
communications resources specific to sporting activities see: Considerations for
Youth Sports).
3. It is strongly recommended that program organizers and coaches remind players,
spectators, and staff that if they are ill (e.g. have a fever or cough) they must not visit,
train, or play. Signage reminding individuals of the signs and symptoms of COVID-19
is highly recommended.
4. Consider using announcements and/or recorded messages to communicate COVID-
19 policies to individuals during their time at the venue, if applicable.

Operational Considerations (In Addition to School District-Specific Policies)

1. Risk of virus transmission decreases in outside environments. Indoor sports activities

significantly increase exposure to respiratory droplets in the shared air space.
Prioritize outdoor, as opposed to indoor, practice and play as much as possible.
Vigorous exercise amongst team members from different households in closely
confined spaces should be avoided, even if masked and physically distanced.
Practice for higher risk sports that occur outside will be cancelled in the event of
inclement weather rather than shifted to indoors.
2. Provide training to coaches, officials, and staff on:
a. hand hygiene
b. physical distancing guidelines and expectations
c. monitoring personal health
d. proper wear, removal, and disposal of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
e. laundering of face coverings and uniforms:  Cleaning and Disinfecting Your
Facility, How to Disinfect: Laundry (CDC)
f. cleaning protocols, including how to safely and effectively use cleaning
supplies:  Guidance for Cleaning and Disinfecting Public Spaces, Workplaces,
Businesses, Schools and Homes (CDC)
g. All coaches of fall sports are required, and officials, staff, and athletes, are
strongly recommended to take the NFHS course on COVID-19 for Coaches
and Administrators: https://nfhslearn.com/courses/covid-19-for-coaches-and-
administrators
3. Conduct training virtually or ensure that physical distancing is maintained during
training.
4. Youth activities require adult supervision to ensure careful attention to mitigation
strategies.
5. Coaches, volunteers, and athletes must stay home if they are feeling ill or have any
symptoms of COVID-19. Organizers/coaches should ask all staff and players (or
guardians of players, if appropriate) to self-screen for COVID-19 symptoms prior to
practice or competition using either of the following approaches:
a. Use an electronic or app-based self-screening form, such as the Coronavirus
Self-Checker available on the federal CDC’s homepage.

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 b. Self-screen using the following questions:
1. Do you feel ill or have you been caring for someone who is ill?
2. In the past two weeks, have you been exposed to anyone who tested
positive for COVID-19?
6. Promote frequent handwashing or hand sanitizing with all participants engaged in
sports activities. If soap and water are not readily available, use hand sanitizers with
a minimum of 60% alcohol content. Handwashing and/or sanitizing should occur
before and after the sport activities, and more often if the activity involves the use of
shared objects.
a. Providing a method to rinse hands before applying hand sanitizer is
recommended for situations where participants may become dirty or dusty.
b. Encourage visitors to be prepared to bring their own hand sanitizer with at
least 60% alcohol for use in facilities where soap and water are not readily
available.
7. Educate players about covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or their elbow.
Discourage spitting.
8. For contact tracing purposes, to the extent practicable, organizers should maintain a
record including contact information for athletes and coaches who have direct
prolonged interaction.
a. Based on current knowledge, a close contact is someone who was within 6
feet of an infected person for at least 15 minutes starting from 48 hours before
illness onset until the time the patient is isolated. Close contacts should stay
home, maintain physical distancing, and self-monitor until 14 days from the
last date of exposure.
9. Follow the Maine CDC recommendations for reporting when a person involved in
school sports is confirmed positive for COVID-19 or a close contact of such a person
(see the Standard Operating Procedure for Investigation of COVID-19 in Pre-K-12
Schools in Maine is posted on the Department of Education website).
10. Encourage players to wait in their cars until just before the beginning of a practice,
warm-up, or game, instead of forming a group.
11. If practice or competition facilities must be shared, consider increasing the amount of
time between practices and competitions to allow for one group to leave before
another group enters the facility/venue. This will minimize interaction between
individuals at points of ingress and egress and allow time for cleaning and
disinfecting.
12. Prohibit activities and events such as off-site competitions or excursions (e.g.,
watching a professional team compete).
13. Limit the number of players sitting in confined player seating areas (e.g., dugouts).
Ensure 6 feet of physical distance by allowing players to spread out into spectator
areas if more space is available.
14. Provide physical guides, such as signs and tape on floors or playing fields, to make
sure that coaches and players remain at least 6 feet apart.

Facilities (In Addition to School District-Specific Policies)

1. Indoor sports activities significantly increase exposure to respiratory droplets in the

shared air space. If indoor facilities are used, take steps to improve ventilation in the
building.

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 a. Increase the percentage of outdoor air (e.g., using economizer modes of
HVAC operations) potentially as high as 100% (first verify compatibility with
HVAC system capabilities for both temperature and humidity control as well as
compatibility with outdoor/indoor air quality considerations).
b. Increase total airflow supply to occupied spaces, if possible.
c. Disable demand-control ventilation (DCV) controls that reduce air supply
based on temperature or occupancy.
d. Consider using natural ventilation (i.e., opening windows if possible and safe
to do so) to increase outdoor air dilution of indoor air when environmental
conditions and building requirements allow.
2. Take steps to ensure that all water systems and features (for example, drinking
fountains) are safe to use after a prolonged facility shutdown to minimize the risk of
disease. Further guidance is available from the CDC (see: Guidance for Reopening
Buildings After Prolonged Shutdown or Reduced Operation).
3. Consider restricting the use of water fountains to water bottle refill only with
instruction for individuals to wash or sanitize hands after use.
4. Require any organizations that share or use the sports facilities to follow the
considerations in this guidance.

Cleaning and Disinfection (In Addition to School District-Specific Policies)

1. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces on the field, court, or play surface at
least daily, or between uses as much as possible. Use of shared objects and
equipment (e.g., balls, bats, gymnastics equipment) should be limited and objects
should be cleaned between uses if possible.
2. Identify a staff member or volunteer to ensure proper cleaning and disinfection of
objects and equipment, particularly for any shared equipment or frequently touched
surfaces.
3. Cleaning products should not be used near children, and staff should ensure that
there is adequate ventilation when using these products to prevent children or
themselves from inhaling toxic fumes.
4. Use gloves when removing garbage bags or handling and disposing of trash. Wash
hands after removing gloves.
5. Refer to the following documents for guidance on general cleaning and disinfection:
a. COVID-19 Prevention Checklist General Guidance (State of Maine)
b. Cleaning and Disinfecting Your Facility (CDC)
c. Guidance for Cleaning and Disinfecting Public Spaces, Workplaces,
Businesses, Schools and Homes (CDC)

Shared Objects (In Addition to School District-Specific Policies)

1. Participants should bring and use their own equipment when possible, or have
equipment designated and labeled for individual use by the organization.
2. Discourage sharing of items, especially those that are difficult to clean, sanitize, or
disinfect. Do not let players share towels, clothing (e.g. uniforms, pinnies), or other
items they use to wipe their faces or hands.
3. Make sure there are adequate supplies of shared items to minimize sharing of
equipment to the extent possible (e.g., protective gear, balls, bats, water bottles);

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 otherwise, limit use of supplies and equipment to one group of players at a time and
clean and disinfect between use.
4. Keep each player’s belongings separated from others’ and in individually labeled
containers, bags, or areas.
5. If food is offered at any event, have pre-packaged boxes or bags for each attendee
instead of a buffet or family-style meal. Avoid sharing food and utensils.
6. Water bottles should be labeled to avoid cross-contamination.

Cohorting Players and Coaches

1. Keep players together in small, stable groups with dedicated coaches or staff, and
make sure that each group of players and coach avoid mixing with other groups as
much as possible.
2. Teams might consider having the same group of players stay with the same coach or
having the same group of players rotate among coaches.
3. Consider staging within-team scrimmages instead of playing games with other teams
to minimize exposure among players and teams.

Transportation (In Addition to School District-Specific Policies)

1. Transportation to and from sports activities require attention because of increased

risk of proximity and poor ventilation. All state and district guidelines regarding
transportation must always be followed.
2. Limit the use of carpools or van pools. When riding in a vehicle to a sports event,
encourage players to ride with persons living in their same household. Carpooling
with individuals from different households is not recommended.
3. If carpooling with individuals outside one’s household group is necessary, increase
ventilation in the vehicle, and all riders must wear a facial covering, and use hand
sanitizer. 
4. If buses are used, spread individuals out to the extent possible, increase the airflow
with open windows if weather permits, require use of face coverings, use hand
sanitizer upon entering and exiting the bus, and follow the same rules for buses that
are used for transportation for in-person instruction in the school district.

References:
Maine Department of Economic and Community Development – Phase 2 Community Sports
https://www.maine.gov/decd/checklists/community-sports
The National Federation of State High School Associations – Guidance for Opening Up
High School Athletics and Activities https://www.nfhs.org/media/3812287/2020-nfhs-
guidance-for-opening-up-high-school-athletics-and-activities-nfhs-smac-may-15_2020-
final.pdf
US CDC Youth Sports Guidance: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-
ncov/community/schools-childcare/youth-sports.html
US CDC Face Covering Guidance: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-
getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html
World Health Organization Guidance on Children and Masks: https://www.who.int/news-
room/q-a-detail/q-a-children-and-masks-related-to-covid-19
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Appendix – Return to Play Guidelines

A—General Recommendations
B—Golf
C—Cross Country
D—Field Hockey
E—Soccer
F—Volleyball
G—Football
H—Cheerleading
I—Officials

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