University of Dublin

Trinity College

Department of Statistics

Statistical Tables
 ST-1: Areas under the standard Normal curve

The table gives the area left of z. For example, if z = 1.23, the area, shaded in the illustration
below, is .8907.

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09

0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879

0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389

1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319

1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767

2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817
2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936

2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952
2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986

3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990
3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998

2
 ST-2 Selected critical values for the t-distribution

α is the proportion of values in a t distribution with ν degrees of freedom which

exceed in magnitude the tabled value. For example, 25% of the values in a t
distribution with 1 degree of freedom are outside ±2.41.

α .25 .10 .05 .02 .01 .002 .001

ν = 1 2.41 6.31 12.71 31.82 63.66 318.32 636.61

2 1.60 2.92 4.30 6.96 9.92 22.33 31.60
3 1.42 2.35 3.18 4.54 5.84 10.22 12.92
4 1.34 2.13 2.78 3.75 4.60 7.17 8.61
5 1.30 2.02 2.57 3.36 4.03 5.89 6.87
6 1.27 1.94 2.45 3.14 3.71 5.21 5.96
7 1.25 1.89 2.36 3.00 3.50 4.79 5.41
8 1.24 1.86 2.31 2.90 3.36 4.50 5.04
9 1.23 1.83 2.26 2.82 3.25 4.30 4.78
10 1.22 1.81 2.23 2.76 3.17 4.14 4.59
12 1.21 1.78 2.18 2.68 3.05 3.93 4.32
15 1.20 1.75 2.13 2.60 2.95 3.73 4.07
20 1.18 1.72 2.09 2.53 2.85 3.55 3.85
24 1.18 1.71 2.06 2.49 2.80 3.47 3.75
30 1.17 1.70 2.04 2.46 2.75 3.39 3.65
40 1.17 1.68 2.02 2.42 2.70 3.31 3.55
60 1.16 1.67 2.00 2.39 2.66 3.23 3.46
120 1.16 1.66 1.98 2.36 2.62 3.16 3.37
∞ 1.15 1.64 1.96 2.33 2.58 3.09 3.29

3
 ST-3 Selected critical values for the F distribution
with ν 1 numerator and ν 2 denominator degrees of freedom

For example, 5% of the values in an F distribution with 1 numerator and 2 denominator degrees
of freedom exceed 18.5

5% critical values for the F distribution

ν 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 24 ∞
1
ν2
1 161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 236.8 238.9 241.9 243.9 249.1 254.3
2 18.5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5
3 10.1 9.6 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.5
4 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.6
5 6.6 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.4
6 6.0 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.7
7 5.6 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.2
8 5.3 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.9
9 5.1 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.7
10 5.0 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5
12 4.7 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.3
15 4.5 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1
20 4.4 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.8
30 4.2 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6
40 4.1 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.5
120 3.9 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.3
∞ 3.8 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.0

2.5% critical values for the F distribution

ν 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 24 ∞
1
ν2
1 647.8 799.5 864.2 899.6 921.8 937.1 948.2 956.6 968.6 976.7 997.3 1018.3
2 38.5 39.0 39.2 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.5 39.5
3 17.4 16.0 15.4 15.1 14.9 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.1 13.9
4 12.2 10.6 10.0 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.5 8.3
5 10.0 8.4 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.0
6 8.8 7.3 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.8
7 8.1 6.5 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.1
8 7.6 6.1 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.7
9 7.2 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.3
10 6.9 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.1
12 6.6 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.7
15 6.2 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.4
20 5.9 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.1
30 5.6 4.2 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.1 1.8
40 5.4 4.1 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.6
120 5.2 3.8 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.3
∞ 5.0 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.0

4
 ST-4 Selected critical values for the chi-squared distribution

α is the proportion of values in a chi-squared distribution with ν degrees of freedom

which exceed the tabled value. For example, 20% of the values in a chi-squared
distribution with 1 degree of freedom exceed 1.64.

α .2 .1 .05 .025 .01 .005

ν =1 1.64 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.64 7.88

2 3.22 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.60
3 4.64 6.25 7.82 9.35 11.35 12.84
4 5.99 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86
5 7.29 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75
6 8.56 10.65 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55
7 9.80 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.28
8 11.03 13.36 15.51 17.54 20.09 21.96
9 12.24 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67 23.59
10 13.44 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21 25.19
12 15.81 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30
15 19.31 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80
20 25.04 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00
24 29.55 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56
30 36.25 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67
60 68.97 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.96
120 132.81 140.23 146.57 152.21 158.95 163.65

5
 ST-5: Sample size tables – two-sample t-tests

The table is indexed by whether the test will be one or two-tailed, the significance level (α), the probability
of type II error (β) (the required power is (1- β)) and the ratio D=(µ1–µ2)/σ = Δ/σ. For example, for a two-
tailed test with a significance level of 0.05 and a β value of 0.1, the sample size (in each group) will be 23,
for a D value of 1.0.

α = 0.025 (one-tail) α = 0.05 (one-tail)

α = 0.05 (two-tails) α = 0.10 (two-tails)

β 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2

D
0.70 76 55 44 34 66 45 36 26
0.75 67 48 39 29 57 40 32 23
0.80 59 42 34 26 50 35 28 21
0.85 52 37 31 23 45 31 25 18
0.90 47 34 27 21 40 28 22 16
0.95 42 30 25 19 36 25 20 15
1.00 38 27 23 17 33 23 18 14
1.10 32 23 19 15 27 19 15 11
1.20 27 20 16 12 23 16 13 10
1.30 23 17 14 11 20 14 11 9
1.40 20 15 12 10 17 12 10 8
1.50 18 13 11 9 15 11 9 7
1.60 16 12 10 8 14 10 8 6
1.70 14 11 9 7 12 9 7 6
1.80 13 10 8 6 11 8 7 5
1.90 12 9 7 6 10 7 6 5
2.00 11 8 7 6 9 7 6 4
2.10 10 8 6 5 8 6 5 4
2.20 9 7 6 5 8 6 5 4
2.30 9 7 6 5 7 5 5 4
2.40 8 6 5 4 7 5 4 4
2.50 8 6 5 4 6 5 4 3

3.00 6 5 4 4 5 4 3 3

6
 ST-5: Sample size tables – two-sample t-tests

α = 0.005 (one-tail) α = 0.01 (one-tail)

α = 0.01 (two-tails) α = 0.02 (two-tails)

β 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2

D
0.70 100 75 63 50 90 66 55 43
0.75 88 66 55 44 79 58 48 38
0.80 77 58 49 39 70 51 43 33
0.85 69 51 43 35 62 46 38 30
0.90 62 46 39 31 55 41 34 27
0.95 55 42 35 28 50 37 31 24
1.00 50 38 32 26 45 33 28 22
1.10 42 32 27 22 38 28 23 19
1.20 36 27 23 18 32 24 20 16
1.30 31 23 20 16 28 21 17 14
1.40 27 20 17 14 24 18 15 12
1.50 24 18 15 13 21 16 14 11
1.60 21 16 14 11 19 14 12 10
1.70 19 15 13 10 17 13 11 9
1.80 17 13 11 10 15 12 10 8
1.90 16 12 11 9 14 11 9 8
2.00 14 11 10 8 13 10 9 7
2.10 13 10 9 8 12 9 8 7
2.20 12 10 8 7 11 9 7 6
2.30 11 9 8 7 10 8 7 6
2.40 11 9 8 6 10 8 7 6
2.50 10 8 7 6 9 7 6 5

3.00 8 6 6 5 7 6 5 4

7
 ST-5: Sample size tables – one-sample t-test

The table is indexed by whether the test will be one or two-tailed, the significance level (α), the probability
of type II error (β) (the required power is (1- β)) and the ratio D=(µ–µo)/σ = Δ/σ. For example, for a two-
tailed test with a significance level of 0.05 and a β value of 0.1, the sample size will be 13, for a D value of
1.0.

α = 0.025 (one-tail) α = 0.05 (one-tail)

α = 0.05 (two-tails) α = 0.10 (two-tails)

β 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2

D
0.40 117 84 68 52 100 70 55 41
0.45 93 67 54 41 80 55 44 32
0.50 76 54 44 34 65 45 36 27
0.55 63 45 37 28 54 38 30 22
0.60 53 39 32 24 46 32 26 19
0.65 46 33 27 21 39 28 22 17
0.70 40 29 24 19 34 24 19 15
0.75 35 26 21 16 30 21 17 13
0.80 31 23 19 15 27 19 15 12
0.85 28 21 17 13 24 17 14 11
0.90 25 19 16 12 21 15 13 10
0.95 23 17 14 11 19 14 11 9
1.0 21 16 13 10 18 13 11 8
1.1 18 13 11 9 15 11 9 7
1.2 15 12 10 8 13 10 8 6
1.3 13 10 9 7 11 8 7 6
1.4 12 9 8 7 10 8 7 5
1.5 11 8 7 6 9 7 6 5
1.6 10 8 7 6 8 6 6 5
1.7 9 7 6 5 8 6 5 4
1.8 8 7 6 5 7 6 5 4
1.9 8 6 6 5 7 5 5 4
2.0 7 6 5 5 6 5 4 4

2.5 6 5 5 4 5 4 4 3

8
 ST-5: Sample size tables – one-sample t-tests

α = 0.005 (one-tail) α = 0.01 (one-tail)

α = 0.01 (two-tails) α = 0.02 (two-tails)

β 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2

D
0.40 154 115 97 77 139 102 85 66
0.45 123 92 77 62 110 81 68 53
0.50 100 75 63 51 90 66 55 43
0.55 83 63 53 42 75 55 46 36
0.60 71 53 45 36 63 47 39 31
0.65 61 46 39 32 55 41 34 27
0.70 53 40 34 28 47 35 30 24
0.75 47 36 30 25 42 31 26 21
0.80 41 32 27 22 37 28 24 19
0.85 37 29 24 20 33 25 21 17
0.90 34 26 22 18 30 23 19 16
0.95 31 24 20 17 27 21 18 14
1.0 28 22 19 16 25 19 16 13
1.1 24 19 16 14 21 16 14 12
1.2 21 16 14 12 18 14 12 10
1.3 18 15 13 11 16 13 11 9
1.4 16 13 12 10 14 11 10 9
1.5 15 12 11 9 13 10 9 8
1.6 13 11 10 8 12 10 9 7
1.7 12 10 9 8 11 9 8 7
1.8 12 10 9 8 10 8 7 6
1.9 11 9 8 7 10 8 7 6
2.0 10 8 8 7 9 7 7 6

2.5 8 7 6 6 7 6 6 5

9
 ST-6 Critical values for the Studentised range distribution

The table is indexed by the family significance level (α), the number of means to be compared
and the degrees of freedom of the s2=MSE that appears in the standard error of the difference
between a pair of means that forms part of the HSD expression.

α = 0.05 Number of means

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
DF
1 18.0 27.0 32.8 37.1 40.4 43.1 45.4 47.4 49.1 50.6 52.0 53.2 54.3 55.4 56.3 57.2 58.0 58.8 59.6
2 6.08 8.33 9.80 10.9 11.7 12.4 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.4 14.7 15.1 15.4 15.7 15.9 16.1 16.4 16.6 16.8
3 4.50 5.91 6.82 7.50 8.04 8.48 8.85 9.18 9.46 9.72 9.95 10.2 10.3 10.5 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.1 11.2
4 3.93 5.04 5.76 6.29 6.71 7.05 7.35 7.60 7.83 8.03 8.21 8.37 8.52 8.66 8.79 8.91 9.03 9.13 9.23
5 3.64 4.60 5.22 5.67 6.03 6.33 6.58 6.80 6.99 7.17 7.32 7.47 7.60 7.72 7.83 7.93 8.03 8.12 8.21
6 3.46 4.34 4.90 5.30 5.63 5.90 6.12 6.32 6.49 6.65 6.79 6.92 7.03 7.14 7.24 7.34 7.43 7.51 7.59
7 3.34 4.16 4.68 5.06 5.36 5.61 5.82 6.00 6.16 6.30 6.43 6.55 6.66 6.76 6.85 6.94 7.02 7.10 7.17
8 3.26 4.04 4.53 4.89 5.17 5.40 5.60 5.77 5.92 6.05 6.18 6.29 6.39 6.48 6.57 6.65 6.73 6.80 6.87
9 3.20 3.95 4.41 4.76 5.02 5.24 5.43 5.59 5.74 5.87 5.98 6.09 6.19 6.28 6.36 6.44 6.51 6.58 6.64
10 3.15 3.88 4.33 4.65 4.91 5.12 5.30 5.46 5.60 5.72 5.83 5.93 6.03 6.11 6.19 6.27 6.34 6.40 6.47
11 3.11 3.82 4.26 4.57 4.82 5.03 5.20 5.35 5.49 5.61 5.71 5.81 5.90 5.98 6.06 6.13 6.20 6.27 6.33
12 3.08 3.77 4.20 4.51 4.75 4.95 5.12 5.27 5.39 5.51 5.61 5.71 5.80 5.88 5.95 6.02 6.09 6.15 6.21
13 3.06 3.73 4.15 4.45 4.69 4.88 5.05 5.19 5.32 5.43 5.53 5.63 5.71 5.79 5.86 5.93 5.99 6.05 6.11
14 3.03 3.70 4.11 4.41 4.64 4.83 4.99 5.13 5.25 5.36 5.46 5.55 5.64 5.71 5.79 5.85 5.91 5.97 6.03
15 3.01 3.67 4.08 4.37 4.59 4.78 4.94 5.08 5.20 5.31 5.40 5.49 5.57 5.65 5.72 5.78 5.85 5.90 5.96
16 3.00 3.65 4.05 4.33 4.56 4.74 4.90 5.03 5.15 5.26 5.35 5.44 5.52 5.59 5.66 5.73 5.79 5.84 5.90
17 2.98 3.63 4.02 4.30 4.52 4.70 4.86 4.99 5.11 5.21 5.31 5.39 5.47 5.54 5.61 5.67 5.73 5.79 5.84
18 2.97 3.61 4.00 4.28 4.49 4.67 4.82 4.96 5.07 5.17 5.27 5.35 5.43 5.50 5.57 5.63 5.69 5.74 5.79
19 2.96 3.59 3.98 4.25 4.47 4.65 4.79 4.92 5.04 5.14 5.23 5.31 5.39 5.46 5.53 5.59 5.65 5.70 5.75
20 2.95 3.58 3.96 4.23 4.45 4.62 4.77 4.90 5.01 5.11 5.20 5.28 5.36 5.43 5.49 5.55 5.61 5.66 5.71
24 2.92 3.53 3.90 4.17 4.37 4.54 4.68 4.81 4.92 5.01 5.10 5.18 5.25 5.32 5.38 5.44 5.49 5.55 5.59
30 2.89 3.49 3.85 4.10 4.30 4.46 4.60 4.72 4.82 4.92 5.00 5.08 5.15 5.21 5.27 5.33 5.38 5.43 5.47
40 2.86 3.44 3.79 4.04 4.23 4.39 4.52 4.63 4.73 4.82 4.90 4.98 5.04 5.11 5.16 5.22 5.27 5.31 5.36
60 2.83 3.40 3.74 3.98 4.16 4.31 4.44 4.55 4.65 4.73 4.81 4.88 4.94 5.00 5.06 5.11 5.15 5.20 5.24
120 2.80 3.36 3.68 3.92 4.10 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.56 4.64 4.71 4.78 4.84 4.90 4.95 5.00 5.04 5.09 5.13
∞ 2.77 3.31 3.63 3.86 4.03 4.17 4.29 4.39 4.47 4.55 4.62 4.68 4.74 4.80 4.85 4.89 4.93 4.97 5.01

10