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Exp 1

1. The document describes an experiment to simulate and calculate fault currents in a DC network for different fault types: 3-phase, single line to ground, line to line, and double line to ground faults. 2. The system diagram shows a power system network with generators, transformers, transmission lines and a motor. Component ratings and reactance values are provided to calculate per-unit values. 3. The procedure involves drawing sequence diagrams for each fault, simulating the network on an analyzer using appropriate scaling, and recording current values to calculate fault currents.

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Arpan Gayen
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
59 views10 pages

Exp 1

1. The document describes an experiment to simulate and calculate fault currents in a DC network for different fault types: 3-phase, single line to ground, line to line, and double line to ground faults. 2. The system diagram shows a power system network with generators, transformers, transmission lines and a motor. Component ratings and reactance values are provided to calculate per-unit values. 3. The procedure involves drawing sequence diagrams for each fault, simulating the network on an analyzer using appropriate scaling, and recording current values to calculate fault currents.

Uploaded by

Arpan Gayen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

- 01

TITLE: Study of various system faults using a DC analyzer.


OBJECTIVE: To simulate the following system in a DC network analyzer and
calculate the fault current in different parts of the system for i) 3-phase fault ii) S.L.G
fault iii) L.L fault iv) D.L.G fault.
APPARATUS LIST:
SI ITEM QT RANGE / RATING MAKER’ MAKER’
No. Y S NAME S NO
1. Network 2 0 - 25 - 50 V - -
Analyzer
Board
2. DC Multi- 1 i) Used as DC -
meter voltmeter -
(true RMS) 0 - 75 V

System Diagram:
11KV 6.6KV

132KV
Line

Tr - 1 Tr - 2

Hydel Power Station

Thermal Power Stattion Syn. Motor


Turbo alternator: 50MVA, 11KV each Step-up Transformer: 11/132KV,
100MVA
Positive sequence reactance = 5% Step-down Transformer: 132/11KV,
Negative sequence reactance = 2.5% 100MVA
Zero sequence reactance = 2% Leakage Reactance = 10%
Water wheel generator 20MVA, 6.6KV (for both transformers)
Positive sequence reactance = 4% 132KV line length = 66Km
Negative sequence reactance =1% Positive sequence reactance =
0.132ohm/KV
Neutral reactance = 0.073 ohm Negative sequence reactance =
0.132ohm/KV
Synchronous Motor: 10MVA, 6.6KV Zero sequence reactance = 1%
Positive sequence reactance = 5%
Positive sequence reactance = 2%
Zero sequence reactance = 1%

PROCEDURE:
1. Convert all the data to per unit quantities choosing 100MVA base.
2. Draw sequence box connections for above faults, and check it with the help
of teacher-in-charge.
3. Simulate the network with proper interconnection on the analyzer, taking a
scale factor of
1 p.u volt = 10 volts
1 p.u Ohm = 1 KΩ Determine the scale factor for current.
4. Note the current value in p.u. in all parts of the system.
Single line diagram and their equivalent 𝑍𝑝.𝑢

G1

G3

G2 Tr - 1 Tr - 2

M
The formulas used in the below calculations are:
𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑀𝑉𝐴
𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 𝑍𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ∗ ( 2 ) = 𝑍𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ∗
𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐾𝑉 2
𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑤 (𝑀𝑉𝐴)𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍𝑝.𝑢.𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑝.𝑢.𝑜𝑙𝑑 *( ) = 𝑍𝑝.𝑢.𝑜𝑙𝑑 ∗ ( )
𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑙𝑑 (𝑀𝑉𝐴)𝑜𝑙𝑑

Base MVA = 100


Turbo Alternators (G1, G2): Base voltage = 11KV
+VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.05 x (100/50) = 0.1
-VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.025 x (100/50) = 0.05
ZERO SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.02 x (100/50) = 0.04
Transmission Line: Base voltage = 132KV
+VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = (0.132 x 66) x (100/1322) = 0.05
-VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = (0.132 x 66) x (100/1322) = 0.05
ZERO SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = (0.264 x 66) x (100/1322) = 0.1
Water wheel Generator (G3): Base voltage = 6.6KV
+VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.04 x (100/20) = 0.2
-VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.02 x (100/20) = 0.1
ZERO SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.01 x (100/20) = 0.05
Neutral grounding: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = (3 x 0.073) x (100/6.62) = 0.5
Synchronous Motor(M): Base Voltage = 6.6KV
+VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.05*(100/10) = 0.5
-VE SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.02*(100/10) = 0.2
ZERO SEQUENCE: 𝑍𝑝.𝑢 = 0.01*(100/10) = 0.1
Transformer (T1 & T2):
+VE SEQUENCE, -VE SEQUENCE and ZERO SEQUENCE p.u. reactance: 0.1
3 Phase (3-ø) Fault
Va  Vb  Vc  ( I a  I b  I c )Z f

I f  I a  I b  I c  E a (Z 1  Z f )

+ve sequence

1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 1 0V

1 0 0 5 0 1 0 0
F
I LF I RF

IF

OBSERVATION TABLE: -
Observation Table 1. 3 Phase (3-ø) Fault
Current (mA)
Sl Fault Resistanc Voltage %
No. Point e (Ω) (V) Theoretic Measure Error
al d
1 F1 50 50.00
2 F1 100 41.18
Total IF 91.18
I f  I L  I R  91. 18mA
1. Single Line to Ground (SLG) Fault

Va  Z f I a , Ib  Ic  0

I 1a  I a2  I a0  E a (Z 1  Z 2  Z 0  3Z f )

I f  I a  3I 1a

+ve sequence

1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0

1 0 0 5 0 1 0 0
F1
I L F1 I R F1
I F1

-ve sequence

5 0 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0V

1 0 0 5 0 F2 1 0 0

I LF2 I RF2
IF2

zero sequence 5 0 0

4 0 4 0 1 0 0
5 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 F0 1 0 0

I LF0 I RF0
I F0
OBSERVATION TABLE: -
Observation Table 2. Single Line to Ground (SLG) Fault
Current (mA)
Sl Fault Resistanc Voltage %
No. Point e (Ω) (V) Theoretic Measure Error
al d
1 F1 50 15.76
2 F1 100 12.98
Total IF1 28.74
3 F2 50 14.02
4 F2 100 14.72
Total IF2 28.74
5 F0 100 21.98
6 F0 100 06.76
Total IF0 28.74

I f  3I 1F  8 6 . 2 2mA
2. Line to Line (LL) Fault

Vb  Vc  I b Z f , Ib  Ic  0 , Ia  0

I a0  0 , I 1a   I a2  E a (Z 1  Z 2  Z f )

I f  I b   I c  (a 2  a) I 1a   j 3I 1a

+ve sequence

100 100 200 500

100 50 100


F1
I L F1 I RF1
I F1

10V

-ve sequence

50 50 100 200

100 50 F2 100

I LF2 I RF 2
IF2
OBSERVATION TABLE: -

Observation Table 3. Line to Line (LL) Fault


Current (mA)
Sl Fault Resistanc Voltage %
No. Point e (Ω) (V) Theoretic Measure Error
al d
1 F1 50 28.12
2 F1 100 23.15
Total IF1 51.27
3 F2 50 -25.01
4 F2 100 -26.26
Total IF2 -51.27

If  3I 1F  8 8 . 8 0m A

3. Double Line to Ground (LLG) Fault

Vb  Vc  ( I b  I c )Z f , I a  I 1a  I a2  I a0  0

Z 2 ( Z 0  3Z f ) E  I 1Z 1 E  I 1Z 1
Va1  Va2 , I 1a  E a {Z1  } , I a2   a a , I a0   a a
Z 2  Z 0  3Z f Z2 Z 0  3Z f

I f  I b  I c  3I a0
P

+ve sequence

1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0

1 0 0 5 0 1 0 0
F1
I L F1 I R F1
I F1

1 0V

-ve sequence

5 0 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 0

1 0 0 5 0 F2 1 0 0

I LF2 I RF2
IF2

zero sequence 5 0 0

4 0 4 0 1 0 0
5 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 F0 1 0 0

I LF0 I RF0
I F0
OBSERVATION TABLE: -

Observation Table 4. Double Line to Ground (LLG) Fault


Current (mA)
Sl Fault Resistanc Voltage %
No. Point e (Ω) (V) Theoretic Measure Error
al d
1 F1 50 33.34
2 F1 100 27.46
Total IF1 60.80
3 F2 50 -19.03
4 F2 100 -19.99
Total IF2 -39.02
5 F0 100 -16.65
6 F0 100 -5.13
Total IF0 -21.78

I f  3I F0  6 5 . 3 4mA

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