AoPS Community 2005 National Olympiad First Round

National Olympiad First Round 2005

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4360
by matematikolimpiyati

1 The circle with radius 4 passing through A and B is tangent to the circle with radius 3 passing
through A and C, where |AB| = 2. If the line BC is tangent to the second circle, what is |BC|?
√
43 5 √ √
(A) 7 (B) 2 + (C) (D) 4 + 9 (E) 7
2 2

2 Let a1 , a2 , . . . , an be positive integers such that none of them is a multiple of 5. What is the
largest integer n < 2005, such that a41 + a42 + · · · + a4n is divisible by 5?
(A) 2000 (B) 2001 (C) 2002 (D) 2003 (E) 2004

3 If the difference between the greatest and the smallest root of the equation x3 − 6x2 + 5 is
equal to F , which of the following is true?
(A) 0 ≤ F < 2 (B) 2 ≤ F < 4 (C) 4 ≤ F < 6 (D) 6 ≤ F < 8 (E) 8 ≤ F

4 How many 6-digit positive integers whose digits are different from 0 are there such that each
number generated by rearranging the digits of the original number is always divisible by 7?
(A) 11 (B) 77 (C) 133 (D) 166 (E) 255

5 Let M be the intersection of diagonals of the convex quadrilateral ABCD, where m(AM \ B) =
60 . Let the points O1 , O2 , O3 , O4 be the circumcenters of the triangles ABM , BCM , CDM ,
◦

DAM , respectively. What is Area(ABCD)/Area(O1 O2 O3 O4 )?

√ √ √
1 3 3 1+2 3 1+ 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 2 2 2 2

6 Which of the following divides 33n+1 + 53n+2 + 73n+3 for every positive integer n?
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 11 (E) 53

7 What is the greatest value of sin x cos y + sin y cos z + sin z cos x, where x, y, z are real numbers?
√
√ 3 3
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 2 (E) 3
2 2

8 How many natural number triples (x, y, z) are there such that xyz = 106 ?
(A) 568 (B) 784 (C) 812 (D) 816 (E) 824

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AoPS Community 2005 National Olympiad First Round

9 Let ABC be a triangle with circumradius 1. If the center of the circle passing through A, C, and
the orthocenter of 4ABC lies on the circumcircle of 4ABC, what is |AC|?
3 √ √
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) (D) 2 (E) 3
2

10 Which of the following does not divide n2225 − n2005 for every integer value of n?
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 11 (E) 23

11 For the real pairs (x, y) satisfying the equation x2 + y 2 + 2x − 6y = 6, which of the following
cannot be equal to (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 ?
(A) 2 (B) 9 (C) 16 (D) 23 (E) 30

12 Ali and Veli goes to hunting. The probability that each will successfully hit a duck is 1/2 on
any given shot. During the hunt, Ali shoots 12 times, and Veli shoots 13 times. What is the
probability that Veli hits more ducks than Ali?
1 13 13 7 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 25 24 13 4
√
13 Let ABCD be an isosceles trapezoid such that its diagonal is 3 and its base angle is 60◦ ,
where AD k BC. Let P be a point on the plane of the trapezoid such that |P A| = 1 and
|P D| = 3. Which of the following can be the length of [P C]?
√ √ √ √ √
(A) 6 (B) 2 2 (C) 2 3 (D) 3 3 (E) 7

14 We call a number 103 < n < 106 a balanced number if the sum of its last three digits is equal
to the sum of its other digits. What is the sum of all balanced numbers in mod13?
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 11 (E) 12

15 For how many positive real numbers a has the equation a2 x2 + ax + 1 − 7a2 = 0 two distinct
integer roots?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) Infinitely many (E) None of above

16 100 stones, each weighs 1 kg or 10 kgs or 50 kgs, weighs 500 kgs in total. How many values
can the number of stones weighing 10 kgs take?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

17 Construct outer squares ABM N , BCKL, ACP Q on sides [AB], [BC], [CA] of triangle ABC, re-
spectively. Construct squares N QZT and KP Y X on segments [N Q] and [KP ]. If Area(ABM N )−
Area(BCKL) = 1, what is Area(N QZT ) − Area(KP Y X)?

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AoPS Community 2005 National Olympiad First Round
3 5
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4
4 3

18 How many integers 0 ≤ x < 121 are there such that x5 + 5x2 + x + 1 ≡ 0 (mod 121)?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 (E) 5

19 What is the greatest real root of the equation x3 − x2 − x − 13 = 0?

√ √ √3
√
3− 2 3− 32 1 1
(A) (B) (C) √
3
(D) √3
(E) None of above
2 2 3−1 4−1

20 We are swapping two different digits of a number in each step. If we start with the number
12345, which of the following cannot be got after an even number of steps?
(A) 13425 (B) 21435 (C) 35142 (D) 43125 (E) 53124

21 What is the radius of the circle passing through the center of the square ABCD with side
length 1, its corner A, and midpoint of its side [BC]?
√ √ √
3 5 √ √ 10
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3 (E)
4 4 4

22 For which k, there is no integer pair (x, y) such that x2 − y 2 = k?

(A) 2005 (B) 2006 (C) 2007 (D) 2008 (E) 2009

23 How many solutions does the equation system

x−1 3−x−y y−2
= =
xy − 3 7 − x2 − y 2 xy − 4

have?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

24 There are 20 people in a certain community. 10 of them speak English, 10 of them speak Ger-
man, and 10 of them speak French. We call a committee to a 3-subset of this community if
there is at least one who speaks English, at least one who speaks German, and at least one
who speaks French in this subset. At most how many commitees are there in this community?
(A) 120 (B) 380 (C) 570 (D) 1020 (E) 1140

25 Let E, F , G be points on sides [AB], [BC], [CD] of the rectangle ABCD, respectively, such that
√ √
|BF | = |F Q|, m(F\ GE) = 90◦ , |BC| = 4 3/5, and |EF | = 5. What is |BF |?
√ √ √ √
10 − 2 √ √ 11 − 3
(A) (B) 3 − 1 (C) 3 (D) (E) 1
2 2

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AoPS Community 2005 National Olympiad First Round

26 For every positive integer n, f (2n + 1) = 2f (2n), f (2n) = f (2n − 1) + 1, and f (1) = 0. What is
the remainder when f (2005) is divided by 5?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

27 What is the maximum value of the difference between the largest real root and the smallest
real root of the equation system

ax2 + bx + c = 0
bx2 + cx + a = 0
cx2 + ax + b = 0

, where at least one of the reals a, b, c is non-zero?

√ √
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 2 (E) There is no upper-bound

28 How many solutions does the equation a! = b!c! have where a, b, c are integers greater than 1?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) Infinitely many
√
29 Let h1 and h2 be the √ altitudes of a triangle drawn to the sides with length 5 and 2 6, respec-
tively. If 5 + h1 ≤ 2 6 + h2 , what is the third side of the triangle?
√ √ √
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 2 6 (D) 3 6 (E) 5 3

30 Which of the following cannot be the number of positive integer divisors of the number n2 + 1,
where n is an integer?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) None of above

31 If the equation system

f (x) + g(x) = 0
f (x) − (g(x))3 = 0
has more than one real roots, where a, b, c, d are reals and f (x) = x2 + ax + b, g(x) = x2 + cx + d,
at most how many distinct real roots can the equation f (x)g(x) = 0 have?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

32 Ali chooses one of the stones from a group of 2005 stones, marks this stone in a way that Betl
cannot see the mark, and shuffles the stones. At each move, Betl divides stones into three
non-empty groups. Ali removes the group with more stones from the two groups that do not
contain the marked stone (if these two groups have equal number of stones, Ali removes one
of them). Then Ali shuffles the remaining stones. Then it’s again Betl’s turn. And the game
continues until two stones remain. When two stones remain, Ali confesses the marked stone.
At least in how many moves can Betl guarantee to find out the marked stone?

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AoPS Community 2005 National Olympiad First Round

(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 17 (D) 18 (E) 19

33 Let K be the intersection of diagonals of cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, where |AB| = |BC|,
|BK| = b, and |DK| = d. What is |AB|?
√ √ √ p √
(A) d2 + bd (B) b2 + bd (C) 2bd (D) 2(b2 + d2 − bd) (E) bd

34 How many triples (x, y, z) of positive integers are there such that xyz = 510510 and x2 y +y 2 z +
z 2 x = xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 ?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 8 (E) None of above

35 If for every real x, ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0, where a, b, c are reals such that a < b, what is the smallest
a+b+c
value of ?
b−a
√ √
5 5 7
(A) √ (B) 2 (C) (D) 3 (E)
3 2 2

36 n wrestlers participate in a tournament such that any two wrestlers wrestle exactly once. After
a match, the winner gets 2 points, the loser gets no point, and each wrestlers gets 1 point if a
tie occurs. After the tournament finishes, the wrestler with highest points is the wrestler with
lowest number of wins. What is the least value of n?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 9

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