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Ionic Radius: Prepared By: Chin Ke Yi Melissa Wee Jing Hui

Ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell electron of an ion. When an atom forms a cation, its radius decreases as electrons are less shielded from the nucleus. When an atom forms an anion, its radius increases as added electrons repel other electrons. Ionic radius generally increases down a group as more electron shells add screening, and decreases across a period as effective nuclear charge increases for cations and decreases for anions.

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Jun Hong Tee
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293 views

Ionic Radius: Prepared By: Chin Ke Yi Melissa Wee Jing Hui

Ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell electron of an ion. When an atom forms a cation, its radius decreases as electrons are less shielded from the nucleus. When an atom forms an anion, its radius increases as added electrons repel other electrons. Ionic radius generally increases down a group as more electron shells add screening, and decreases across a period as effective nuclear charge increases for cations and decreases for anions.

Uploaded by

Jun Hong Tee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ionic Radius

Prepared by : Chin Ke Yi
Melissa Wee Jing Hui
• Ionic radius is the distance between the
nucleus and the electron in the outermost
shell of an ion.

• Ionic atoms will change in size with respect


to their original atoms when formed.

• Hence, the cation radius will decrease while


anion will be increased.
• When an atom loses an electron to form a cation,
the lost electron can no longer shielding the other
electrons from the charge of the nucleus;
consequently, the other electrons are more strongly
attracted to the nucleus, and the radius of the atom
gets smaller.

• When an electron is added to an atom, forming an


anion, the added electron repels other electrons,
resulting in an increase in the radius of the ion.

• The trend observed in size of ionic radius is due to


shielding of the outermost electrons by the
inner-shell electrons so that the outer shell electrons
do not “feel” the entire positive charge of the
nucleus.
Ionic radius going down the group
• The size of ions increases

• The screening effect increases with the


addition of extra shell

• The more the number of shells, the less


the attraction force (repulsion increases)

• Hence, the atomic size increases.


Ionic radius across a period
• Ionic radius decreases as you move across the
periodic table, from left to right.

• The ionic radius decreases for metals forming


cations, as the metals lose their outer electron
orbitals.

• The ionic radius increases for nonmetals as the


effective nuclear charge decreases due to the
number of electrons exceeding the number of
protons.

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