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TO Engineering Mechanics: Cestat30 - Statics of Rigid Bodies

This document provides an introduction to engineering mechanics concepts including: - Defining engineering, mechanics, and engineering mechanics - Identifying the principles of statics and dynamics - Reciting Newton's Laws of motion - Explaining scalar and vector quantities, units, and dimensional analysis - Describing methods for solving mechanics problems systematically - Introducing the concept of a resultant force as the single equivalent force of a force system Key terms and concepts are defined throughout with examples provided for unit conversions and force systems. Problem-solving approaches are also outlined.

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158 views11 pages

TO Engineering Mechanics: Cestat30 - Statics of Rigid Bodies

This document provides an introduction to engineering mechanics concepts including: - Defining engineering, mechanics, and engineering mechanics - Identifying the principles of statics and dynamics - Reciting Newton's Laws of motion - Explaining scalar and vector quantities, units, and dimensional analysis - Describing methods for solving mechanics problems systematically - Introducing the concept of a resultant force as the single equivalent force of a force system Key terms and concepts are defined throughout with examples provided for unit conversions and force systems. Problem-solving approaches are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Jeter Isaac Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#1 CESTAT30 – STATICS OF RIGID

BODIES

FLEX Course Material


Identify the principles of
Engineering Mechanics
Enumerate axioms of
Mechanics.
Recite Newton’s Laws of
motion. INTRODUCTION
TO
Identify different kinds of
force systems.

ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

Marvin M. Bartido, RCE

1ST TERM AY 2020-2021


PRE-ASSESSMENT

Pre-assessment No. 1
CONVERSION OF UNITS

Convert the following:


1. 10 m to km
2. 25 inches to feet
3. 50 kg to lb
4. 5’ 7” to cm
5. 60 km/hr to mi/sec
6. 25 𝑚2 to 𝑓𝑡 2
Table of Contents

Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: Definition of Terms


Engineering
Mechanics
Engineering Mechanics
Branches of Engineering Mechanics
Statics
Dynamics
Rigid Body
Force
Force System
Newton’s Law of Motion
Axioms of Mechanics
Scalar and Vector Quantities
Dimensional Checks
Conversion of Units
Problem Formulation and the Accuracy of Solutions
Introduction to Resultant of Force Systems

3
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS – DEFINITION OF TERMS

Engineering is the application of the mathematical and physical sciences


(physics, chemistry, and biology) to the design and manufacture of items that
benefit humanity.
Mechanics is the branch of physics that considers the action of forces on
bodies or fluids that are at rest or in motion.
Engineering Mechanics is the branch of engineering that applies the
principles of mechanics to mechanical design (i.e., any design that must take
into account the effect of forces).

Branches of Engineering Mechanics


1. Statics – we consider the effects and distribution of forces on rigid bodies
which are and remain at rest.
2. Dynamics – we consider the motion of rigid bodies caused by the forces
acting upon them.

Rigid Body – defined as a definite amount of matter the parts of which are
fixed in position relative to each other.

Force – defined as that of which changes, or tends to change the state of


motion of a body. If a force F acts on a particle of mass m, Newton’s second
law states that F = ma where m is mass and a is acceleration (F = mg where g
is acceleration due to gravity equal to 9.81 𝑚 𝑠2 for metric system).
Unit of Force
• SI (Metric) System
1.0 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚 2 = 1.0 N (Newton)
𝑠
• English System
𝑓𝑡
1.0 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ∙ = 1.0 lb (Pound)
𝑠2

4
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
Force System – any arrangement where two or more forces act on a body or on a group of related
bodies.

(a) (b) (c)

(d)
Different Kinds of Force Systems
(a) According to plane it lies
Coplanar – force system lie in one plane, otherwise they are Non-coplanar. (Figures a, b and c are
coplanar. Figure d is non-coplanar)

(b) According to line of action


Concurrent Force System – the lines of action of forces pass through a common point. (Figure a is
concurrent)
Parallel Force System – lines of action of forces are parallel. (Figure c is parallel)
Non-concurrent Force System – lines of action of forces are neither parallel nor intersect in a common
point (Figure b is non-concurrent)

5
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION


1. Law of Inertia – states that a body at rest will remain at rest unless
acted on by a force.
2. Law of Acceleration – states that a body acted on by a force will
accelerate in the direction of the force.
3. Law of Action and Reaction – states that in every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.

AXIOMS OF MECHANICS
1. The parallelogram law: The resultant of two forces is the diagonal of
the parallelogram formed on the vectors of these forces.
2. Two forces are in equilibrium only when equal in magnitude, opposite
in direction, and collinear in action.
3. A set of forces in equilibrium may be added to any system of forces
without changing the effect of the original system.
4. Action and reaction forces are equal but oppositely directed.

SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES


Scalars – quantities which possess magnitude only and can be added
arithmetically. They are real numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero.

Vectors – quantities which possess both magnitude and direction and can be
combined geometrically. Force is an example of physical quantity that is a
vector.

30N + 100N = 70N

6
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

DIMENSIONAL CHECKS
𝑣 2 = 𝑣0 2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝑚 2 = 𝑚 2 + 2(𝑚
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 2 )(𝑚)
2
𝑚
𝑠 = 𝑚𝑠 2

CONVERSION OF UNITS

7
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

Examples:
Convert the following:
1. 450km to cm
2. 5 meters to inches
3. 400.35 hectogram to slug
4. 60 miles per hour to meter per second
5. 1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 𝑠2 to 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚 𝑠2

Solutions:
1. 450km to cm
10000 𝑐𝑚
450 𝑘𝑚 𝑥 = 4500000 𝑐𝑚
1 𝑘𝑚
2. 5 meters to inches
100 𝑐𝑚 1 𝑖𝑛
5𝑚𝑥 𝑥 = 196.85 𝑖𝑛
1𝑚 2.54 𝑐𝑚
3. 400.35 hectogram to slug
1 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
400.35 𝑕𝑔 𝑥 𝑥 = 2.74 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
10 𝑕𝑔 14.59 𝑘𝑔
4. 60 miles per hour to meter per second
𝑚𝑖 1.61 𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚 1 𝑕𝑟 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
60 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 26.83 𝑚 𝑠
𝑕𝑟 1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑘𝑚 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
5. 1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 𝑠2 to 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚 𝑠2
𝑓𝑡 14.59 𝑘𝑔 1𝑚
1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ∙ 2 𝑥 𝑥 = 4.448 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚 2
𝑠 1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 3.28 𝑓𝑡 𝑠

8
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

PROBLEM FORMULATION AND THE ACCURACY OF SOLUTIONS


To help you develop an “engineering approach” to problem analysis,
you will find it instructive to divide your solution for each homework
problem into the following parts:
1. GIVEN: After carefully reading the problem statement, list all the
data provided. If a figure is required, sketch it neatly and
approximately to scale.
2. FIND: State precisely the information that is to be determined.
3. SOLUTION: Solve the problem, showing all the steps that you used
in the analysis. Work neatly so that your work can be easily
followed by others.
4. VALIDATE: Many times, an invalid solution can be uncovered by
simply asking yourself, “Does the answer make sense?”

9
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
Philippians 4:13

INTRODUCTION TO RESULTANT OF FORCE


SYSTEMS

Resultant – a single force or vector that is the equivalent of a set of


forces or vectors.

30N + 100N = 70N (Resultant)

These force systems can be represented by its resultant (red


arrows).

10
ASSESSMENT TASK

Assessment Task No. 1


Topic Learning Outcome:
Convert units
Identify different kinds of force system

I. Convert the following:


1. 0.5 m to cm
2. 5 meters to miles
3. 400.35 hectogram to pound
4. 60 miles per day to cm per second
5. 400 N to lb
6. 100 𝑁 𝑚 to 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡
𝑁
7. If 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑚2
and kips is kilopounds , convert 2 MPa to
𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝑓𝑡 2.
8. 173 cm to __’ __” (__ft __in)
9. If your mass is 80 kg because you ate so much during lockdown,
what is your weight in Newton?
10. 9.81 𝑚 𝑠2 to 𝑓𝑡 𝑠2

II. Draw 2 examples each of the different kinds of force system


according to the line of action.

11

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