100 Solved

Problems in
(Soil Mechanics)
 SOIL COMPOSITION
 ATTERBERG LIMITS
 SOIL CLASSIFICATION
 SOIL COMPACTION
 PERMEABILITY
 MIXED PROBLEMS

CE DEPARTMENT
HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
 Page |1

HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY – CE DEPARTMENT

SOIL MECHANICS

SOIL COMPOSITION

1-3 The moist unit weight of a soil is 16.5 kN/m3. If the water content is 15% and specific gravity is
2.7, determine the following

1. What is the dry unit weight?

a. 22.35 kN/m3 b. 28.06 kN/m3 c. 14.35 kN/m3 d.16.35kN/m3

2. What is the porosity?

a. 0.123 b. 0.458 c. 0.568 d. 0.321

3. What is the Degree of Saturation?

a. 44.66% b. 45.9% c. 46.9% d. 47.9%

4-5 One cubic meter of wet soil weighs 18.50 kN. If the specific gravity of soil particles is 2.70 and
water content is 24.5%, determine the following:

4. What is the void ratio?

a. 0.837 b. 0.783 c. 0.638 d. 0.863

5. What is the unit weight?

a. 15.24 kN/m3 b. 14.86 kN/m3 c. 13.47 kN/m3 d.16.35kN/m3

6. A sample of sand has a moisture content of 14% and a unit weight of 18.8 kN/m. Specific gravity=
2.65. Determine the void ratio.

a. 0.54 b. 0.57 c. 0.45 d.0.46

7. The weight of the soil before drying is 200 gr. And its dried weight after drying is 160 gr. Sp.gr.
of soil= 2.6 Volume of soil before drying is 120 cm3. Compute the water content

a. 0.25 b. 0.24 c. 0.66 d.0.46

8-10 A dry sand is placed in a container having a volume of 0.0089 cm3. The dry weight of the sample is
0.014 grams. Water is carefully added to the container so as not to disturbed the condition of the sand.
When the container is filled, the combined weight of soil plus water is 0.0174 grams.

8. What is the void ratio of the soil in the container?

a. 0.52 b. 0.54 c. 0.66 d.0.62

9. What is the porosity?

a. 0.39 b. 0.38 c. 0.40 d.0.48

10. What is the Saturated unit weight?

a. 19.95 kN/m3 b. 28.06 kN/m3 c. 19.20 kN/m3 d.28.25kN/m3

11. A soil sample has a bulk unit weight of 19.6 kN/m3. At a water content of 10%. Determine the following
if it has a sp.gr. Gs= 2.70 and a Void Ratio of 0.486. What is the percentage in air voids?

a. 0.145 b. 0.154 c. 0.165 d.0.156

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |2

12-14. The volume of soil sample before drying is 108 cm³ and the volume of the dried soil is 61 cm³.
Sp.gr. of soil is 2.7. Compute the following

12.What is the Void Ratio?

a. 0.77 b. 0.78 c. 0.87 d.0.88

13. What is the porosity?

a. 0.435 b. 0.455 c. 0.445 d.0.465

14. What is degree of saturation if it has a moisture content of 21.6%?

a. 75.7 b. 76.8 c. 75.8 d.76.7

15-17 Laboratory test data on a sample of saturated soil show that the void ratio is 0.45 and the
specific gravity of solids is 2.65. For these conditions, determine the following:

15.What is the water content?

a. 17% b. 27% c. 38% d.48%

16.What is the saturated unit weight?

a. 22.97 kN/m³ b. 20.97 kN/m³ c. 24.97 kN/m³ d. 26.97 kN/m³

17. What is dry unit weight?

a. 17.93 kN/m³ b. 27.93 kN/m³ c. 37.93 kN/m³ d. 57.93 kN/m³

18-20 A soil at a constant moisture content shows the following when compacted

Degree of saturation Dry unit weight

40% 14.50kN/m³

70% 17.89kN/m³

18. Determine the specific gravity of soil

a. 2.63 b. 2.64 c. 2.65 d.2.67

19. Determine the moisture content of soil

a. 0.1185 b. 0.1187 c. 0.1186 d.0.1188

20. Determine void ratio of the 17.89 kN/m³ soil

a. 0.448 b. 0.446 c. 0.447 d.0.445

*ATTERBERG LIMITS*

21-23 A silty clay has a plastic limit of 25 and a plasticity index of 30. If the clay has a liquidity
index of 0.20

21. Computer the water content of the clay.

a.) 30% b.)32% c.)31% d.)60%

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |3

22. Compute the degree of saturation if the sp. Gr of the clay is 2.70 and a void ratio of 0.92

a.) 90.4% b.)92.7% c.)31.0% d.)90.98%

23. Compute the moist unit weight of the clay if the void ratio is 0.92, Gs = 2.70

a.) 18.07 kN/m3 b.) 18.17 kN/m3 c.) 18.09kN/m3 d.)18.77 kN/m3

24-26. Following are the results of a shrinkage limit test:

Initial volume of soil in a saturated state = 24.6 cm3

Final volume of soil in a dry state = 15.9 cm3

Initial mass in a saturated state = 44 g

Final mass in a dry state = 30.1 g

Sp. Gr = 2.70

24. Shrinkage limit

a.) 17.71% b.) 17.28% c.) 17.98% d.) 28.17%

25. Saturated unit weight if e = 0.467

a.) 21.18 kN/m3 b.) 21.19 kN/m3 c.) 21.16 kN/m3 d.) 21.14 kN/m3

26. Dry unit weight

a.) 18.95 kN/m3 b.) 18.06 kN/m3 c.) 21.16 kN/m3 d.) 21.14 kN/m3

27-29. A soil sample was determine in the laboratory to have a liquid limit of 41% and a plastic limit of
21.1%. If the water content is 30%, determine the following:

27. Plasticity Index

a.) 19.7 b.) 19.5 c.) 19.4 d.) 19.9

28. Liquidity Index

a.) 0.447 b.) 0.744 c.) 0.487 d.) 0.567

29. What is the characteristics of soil ?

a.) Liquid b.) Plastic c.) Dense d.) Brittle Solid

30-32. A soil has a liquid limit of 61 and a plastic limit of 30. A moisture content test performed on an
undistributed sample of this soil yielded the following results:

Mass of soil + can placing in oven = 96. 2 g

Mass of soil + can after removal from oven = 71.9 g

Mass of can = 20.8 g

30. Compute the plasticity index

a.) 32 b.) 31 c.) 41 d.) 51

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |4

31.Compute the moisture content

a.) 47.6% b.) 31% c.) 41 % d.)51.78%

32.Liquidity Index

a.) 0.564 b.) 0.568 c.) 0.569 d.) 0.563

33-35 Laboratory test result for a sample of clay soil for the purpose of evaluating the potential for
volume change ( swelling, expansion) are as shown:

LL = 68%
PL = 24%
Particles smaller than 0.002 mm = 44%

33. Compute the Plasticity Index

a.) 40% b.) 44% c.) 54% d.) 43%

34. Indicate the activity classification for this clay.

a.) 1 b.) 2 c.) 3 d.) 4

35. The rate of the volume change potential (refer to table)

a.) Very high b.) Medium c.) low d.) Normal

36-38 A saturated soil has the following characteristics.

Initial volume = 25 cm3

Final volume = 16 cm3

Mass of wet soil = 45 g

Mass of dry soil = 31 kg’

36. Determine the shrinkage limit of soil

a.) 16.31% b.) 16.13% c.) 13.16% d.) 13.7%

37. Shrinkage Ratio

a.) 1.9375 b.) 1.9357 c.) 1.9367 d.) 1.9745

38. Specific Gravity of Soil

a.) 2.28 b.) 2.98 c.) 2.82 d.) 2.28

39-40 During the determination of the shrinkage limit of a sandy clay, the following laboratory data was
obtained.

Wet weight + dish = 87.85g

Dry weight of soil + dish = 76.91g
Weight of dish = 52.70 g

39. Compute the shrinkage ratio

a.) 1.78 b.) 1.79 c.) 1.74 d.) 1.77

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |5

40. Specific Gravity of Soil

a.) 2.78 b.) 2.75 c.) 2.66 d.) 2.65

* CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS (USDA METHOD) *

41-43 Given soil having the particle size distribution ad follows: 8% sand, 20% gravel, 48% silt and 24%.
Use the given figure shown:

41. Compute the percentage of sand using USDA METHOD.

a.) 10% b.) 11% c.) 20% d.) 21%

42. Compute the percentage of silt using USDA METHOD.

a.) 60% b.) 40% c.) 20% d.) 25%

43. Compute the percentage of clay using USDA METHOD.

a.) 30% b.) 45% c.) 20% d.) 25%

44-46 A sample of inorganic soil has the following grain size characteristics.

SIZE (mm) Percent Finer

2.0 100
0.075 70
0.050 65
0.005 32
0.002 15

The liquid limit is 52 percent and plasticity index is 20 percent. Classify the soil ( USDA METHOD).
Using the triangular textural classification chart.

44. Compute the percentage of clay

a.) 15% b.) 25% c.) 35% d.) 16%

45. Compute the percentage of silt

a.) 50% b.) 45% c.) 55% d.) 36%

46. Classify the type of soil

a.) 50% b.) 30% c.) 65% d.) 35%

47-49 The particle size characteristics of a soil are given in the table. Compute the the following
percentages:

SIZE (mm) Percent Finer

0.425 100
0.10 92
0.052 62
0.02 46
0.01 46
0.004 32
0.001 22

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |6

47. Percent of Clay.

a.) 30% b.) 26% c.) 35% d.) 25%

48. Percent of SILT.

a.) 57% b.) 26% c.) 48% d.) 25%

49. Percent of SAND.

a.) 17% b.) 26% c.) 38% d.) 25%

* Soil Compaction*

50-52 Specifications on a job required a fill using borrow soil to be compacted at 95% of its
standard Proctor maximum dry density. Tests indicate that this maximum is 19.5 KN/m3 with 12% moisture.
The borrow material has void ratio of 0.60 and a solid specific gravity of 2.65.

50. Compute the dry unit weight of the compacted soil

a.) 18.525 KN/m3 b.) 18.526 KN/m3 c.) 18.527 KN/m3 d.) 18.528 KN/m3

51. Compute the wet unit weight of compacted soil.

a.)18.5 kN/m3 b.) 18.9 KN/m3 c.) 21.2 KN/m3 d.) 21.5KN/m3

52. Compute the minimum volume of borrow soil required to fill one m3

a.)1.45m3 b.) 1.14m3 c.) 1.67m3 d.) 1.15m3

53-54 The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 94%. The maximum an minimum dry unit
weights of the sand are 16.2 kN/m3 and 14.9 m3 respectively.

53. Compute the dry unit weight in the field.

a.)15.23 kN/m3 b.) 14.32kN/m3 c.) 16.67kN/m3 d.) 18.15 kN/m3

54. For field conditions compute the relative density of compaction.

a.)23% b.) 27% c.) 28% d.) 27%

55-57 A compacted soil with a wet density of 18.6 kN/m3 ha 97% of its pore spaces filled with
water at a moisture content of 29..5%

55. Determine the specific gravity of soil.

a.)2.34 b.) 2.65 c.) 2.59 d.) 2.78

56. Determine the void ratio

a.)0.77 b.) 0.97 c.) 0.78 d.) 0.79

57. Determine the porosity

a.) 0.45 b.) 0.44 c.) 0.78 d.) 0.55

58-60 A balloon-type apparatus is used to determine an in-place unit weight for a soil. The volume
of the test hole determined by reading the water level graduations on the apparatus cylinder before and
after digging the test hole is 0.000708 m3. The wet weight of soil obtained from the test hole is 1410g.
The soil sample was dried on a field stone and weighs 1237 g.

58. Compute the water content of the tested soil

a.) 19% b.) 14% c.) 15% d.) 16%

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |7

59. Compute the in-place dry unit weight of the tested soil

a.) 17.14 kN/m3 b.) 17.15kN/m3 c.) 17.94 kN/m3 d.) 17.17 kN/m3
60. Determine the percentage of compaction for the test result if the soil is part of a compacted
earth fill whose maximum unit weight ( from laboratory compaction tests) is 18.57 kN/m3.

a.) 92.3% b.) 93.2% c.) 92.4% d.) 94.5%

61-63 The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of sand were determined in the laboratory to be

18.31 kN/m3 and 15.25 kN/m3 respectively.

61. What is the relative compaction in the field if the relative density is 64%?

a.) 92.3% b.) 93.2% c.) 92.4% d.) 93.3%

62. What is the dry unit weight in the field?

a.) 17.89 kN/m3 b.) 17.80 kN/m3 c.) 17.08 kN/m3 d.) 17.88 kN/m3

63. What is the moist unit weight in the field if its moisture content is 28%?

a.) 17.69 kN/m3 b.) 21.68 kN/m3 c.) 21.86 kN/m3 d.) 17.88 kN/m3

64-66 For a compacted soil, Gs = 2.72, water content = 18% and ɣd= 0.90

64. Determine the zero air void unit weight

a.) 17.69 kN/m3 b.) 17.68 kN/m3 c.) 21.86 kN/m3 d.) 17.91 kN/m3

65. Determine the dry unit weight of the compacted soil

a.) 17.68 kN/m3 b.) 16.68 kN/m3 c.) 21.86 kN/m3 d.) 16.12 kN/m3

66. Determine the bulk unit weight of the soil.

a.)17.68 kN/m3 b.) 19.02 kN/m3 c.) 21.86 kN/m3 d.) 16.12 kN/m3

67-69 The laboratory compaction test has a max. dry unit weight of 19 kN/m3 with an optimum moisture
content of 11% . Following are the results of a field unit weight determination test performed on the
same soil by means of sand cone method.

Volume of soil excavated from the hole = 0.00144 m3

Weight of soil from the hole when wet = 3.007 kg
Weight of soil when dried = 2.640 kg

67. Determine the field water content.

a. 13.9% b. 14.2% c. 16.1% d. 15.6%

68. Determine the compacted dry unit weight.

a. 18.01 kn/m3 b. 17.08 kn/m3 c. 17.99 kn/m3 d. 16.87 kn/m3

69. Determine the relative compaction.

a. 95.67% b. 94.68% c.94.93% d. 96.98%

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |8

70-72 For a constant laboratory permeability test on a fine sand, the following data are given:

Length of specimen = 16 cm

Diameter of specimen = 9.6 cm

Constant head difference = 50 cm

Volume of water collected in 4 min. = 420 cc

Void ratio of the soil specimen = 0.55

70. Determine the coefficient of permeability k of the soil in cm/sec.

a.) 7.74x10-3 cm/sec b.) 7.76x10-3 cm/sec c.) 7.77x10-3 cm/sec d.) 7.78x10-3cm/sec
71.

71. Determine the discharge velocity in cm/sec.

a.) 0.0890cm/sec b.) 0.087cm/sec c.)0.024cm/sec d.) 0.078cm/sec

72. Determine the seepage velocity in cm/sec

a.) 0.0890cm/sec b.) 0.087cm/sec c.)0.068cm/sec d.) 0.078cm/sec

73-75 A sample of coarse grained soil 50 mm. in diameter and 150mm .long was tested in a constant head
apparatus. The soil sample was prepared at a void ratio of 1.5. The total head was kept constant at
300mm. and the amount of water collected in 4 sec. was 50 cm3. The test temperature was 220C.

73.Compute the temperature correction factor.

a.) 0.95 b.) 0.85 c.)0.96 d.) 0.97

74. Compute the corrected coefficient of permeability in cm/sec

a.) 0.339 cm/sec b.) 0.329 cm/sec c.)0.329 cm/sec d.) 0.319 cm/sec

75. Compute the interstitial Velocity

a.) 1.339 cm/sec b.) 1.329 cm/sec c.)1.02cm/sec d.) 1.01 cm/sec

76-78 Water flows through a soil mass that has a length of 4m. and a cross sectional are of 2m2. The fluid
energy lost when 1.5 m3 of the water flows through the soil is 1500 N.m.

The void ratio of the soil is 0.64. The elapsed time for this flow is 30 hrs.

76. Compute the superficial velocity

a.) 6.99x10-6 m/s b.) 6.98x10-6 m/s c.) 6.97x10-6 m/s d.) 6.94x10-6 m/s

77. Compute the actual velocity

a.) 1.99x10-6 m/s b.) 1.78x10-6 m/s c.) 1.97x10-6 m/s d.) 1.94x10-6 m/s

SOIL MECHANICS
 Page |9

78. Compute the coefficient of permeability

a.) 2.99x10-4 m/s b.) 2.71x10-4 m/s c.) 1.97x10-4 m/s d.) 2.94x10-4 m/s

79-81 A confined aquifer has a source of recharge. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is 40m/day
and its porosity is 0.25. The piezometric head in the two wells 1000m. apart is 65m. and 60m respectively
from a common data. The average thickness of the aquifer is 25 m, and the average width is 4 km.

79. Compute the rate of flow through the aquifer in m3/day.

a.) 20000 m3/day b.) 2000 m3/day c.) 200 m3/day d.) 200000 m3/day

80. Compute the seepage velocity.

a.) 0.8 m/day b.) 0.9 m3/day c.) 0.7 m3/day d.)0.6 m3/day

81.Compute the time of travel from the head of the aquifer to a point 3 km. downstream in days.

a.) 800 days b.) 500 days c.) 3750 days d.)3570 days

82-84 The flow thru the aquifer is equal to 0.560 m3/day. The thickness of the aquifer is 5.2 m. Two
piezometers were placed along a horizontal distance of 920m . apart between A and B. Elevation of water
surface at A is 100 m.

82. Compute the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, if the transmissivity of the aquifer is
80m2/daY

a.) 1.79 x 10-6 b.) 1.76 x 10-6 c.) 1.797x 10-6 d.) 1.78 x 10-6

83. Compute the elevation of water surface at B.

a.) 6.46 m b.) 6.45 m c.) 4.66 m d.) 6.44 m

84. Compute the seepage velocity if the porosity is 0.42 in m/s.

a.) 2.99 x 10 -6m/s b.) 2.98 x 10 -6m/s c.) 2.96 x 10 -6m/s d.) 2.97 x 10 -6m/s

85 A sand layer of the cross-sectional has been determined to exist for a 800-m length of the
levee. The hydraulic conductivity of the sand layer is 2.8 m/day.

8 Determine the quantity of water which flows into the ditch in m^3/min.

a.) 0.20740749 m^3/min b.) 0.20740747 m^3/min c.) 0.207407478m^3/min d.) 0.20740746 m^3/min

*MIXED PROBLEMS*

86. In a liquid limit test, the moisture content at 10 blows was 70% and that at 100 blows was 20%. The
liquid limit of the soil, is

a.) 35% b.) 50% c.) 65% d.) 45%

87 A soil sample has passing 0.075 mm sieve = 60% liquid limit = 65% and plastic limit = 40%. The group
index of the soil, is

a.) 21.625. b.) 21.625 c.) 21.625. d.) 21.625.

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 10

88. If the unit weight of sand particles is 2.696 g/cc. and porosity in loose state is 44%, the critical
hydraulic gradient for quick sand condition, is

a.) 0.96. b.) 0.95 c.) 0.97. d.) 0.98.

89. For determining the moisture content of a soil sample, the following data is available Weight of
container = 260 g, Weight of soil sample and = 320 g container, Weight of soil sample (dried) and = 310 g
container. The moisture content of the soil sample,is

a.) 35% b.) 20% c.) 65% d.) 45%

90. For determining the specific gravity of soil solids, using a pycnometer of 500 cc., the following
data is available: Weight of dry empty pycnometer = 125 g Weight of dried soil and pycnometer = 500 g
Weight of dried soil and distilled = 850 g water filled in pycnometer up to top The specific gravity of
soil solids , is

a.) 2.6 b.) 2.5 c.) 2.7 d.) 2.8

91. 260 g of wet soil was taken in a pycnometer jar of weight 400 g in order to find the moisture content
in the soil, with specific gravity of soil particles 2.75. The weight of soil and remaining water filled
in pycnometer without air bubbles was 1415 g and the weight of pycnometer filled with water alone was
1275 g. The moisture content in the soil is

a.) 18.2% b.) 2.5% c.) 27 % d.) 28 %

92.If dry density, water density and specific gravity of solids of a given soil sample are 1.6 g/cc, 1.84
g/cc and 2.56 respectively, the porosity of the soil sample, is

a.) 0.675 b.) 0.475 c.) 0.275 d.) 0.375

.93.A moist soil sample of volume 60 cc. weighs 108 g and its dried weight is 86.4 g. If its absolute
density is 2.52, the degree of saturation is

a.)60% b.) 85% c.) 48% d.) 84%

94. A sample of saturated soil has 30% water content and the specific gravity of soil grains is 2.6. The
dry density of the soil mass in g/cm3, is

a.)1.42 b.1.56 c.) 1.47 d.) 1.44

95.If the coefficients of volume change and compressibility of a soil sample are respectively 6.75 x 10-2
and 3 x 10-2, the void ratio of the soil sample, is

a.)1.42 b.1.56 c.) 1.25 d.) 1.44

96. A moist soil sample weighing 108 g has a volume of 60 cc. If water content is 25% and value of G =
2.52, the void ratio is

a.)0.42 b.0.56 c.) 0.75 d.) 0.45

97. A soil sample of mass specific gravity 1.92, has a moisture content 30%. If the specific gravity of
solids is 2.75, the degree of saturation, is

a.)95.7% b.56% c.)98.75% d.)56 .45%

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 11

98.The total weight of a pycnometer with water and oven dried soil 20 (g) is 1600 g. The pycnometer
filled with water alone weighs 1500 g. The specific gravity of the soil , is

a.)2.0 b.)1.0 c.) 9.0 d.) 8.0

99. A soil mass coated with a thin layer of paraffin weighs 460 g. When immersed, it displaces 299 cc of
water. The weight of paraffin is 10 g. If specific gravity of solids is 2.5 and that of paraffin 0.9, the
void ratio of soil, is

a.)0.3 b.)0.6 c.)0.9 d.) 0.8

100. For a homogeneous earth dam 50 m high having 2 m free broad, a flow net was constructed and the
results were : Number of potential drops = 2.4 Number of flow channels = 0.4. If coefficient of
permeability of the dam material is 3 x 10-3 cm3/sec, the discharge per meter length of dam, is

a.) 12 x 10-5 m3/sec b.) 24 x 10-3 m3/sec c.) 6 x 10-5 m3/sec d.) 24 x 10-5 m3/sec

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 12

ANSWER KEY

1. C 27. D 53. A 79. A

2. B 28. A 54. D 80. A

3. D 29. B 55. C 81. C

4. B 30. B 56. C 82. A

5. B 31. A 57. B 83. D

6. B 32. B 58. B 84. D

7. A 33. B 59. A 85. B

8. D 34. A 60. A 86. B

9. A 35. A 61. D 87. B

10. C 36. B 62. B 88. B

11. A 37. A 63. C 89. B

12. A 38. C 64. D 90. B

13. A 39. D 65. D 91. A

14. A 40. D 66. B 92. D

15. A 41. A 67. A 93. D

16. B 42. A 68. C 94. C

17. A 43. A 69. B 95. C

18. B 44. A 70. A 96. C

19. C 45. A 71. C 97. A

20. C 46. B 72. C 98. A

21. C 47. B 73. A 99. B

22. D 48. A 74. D 100. D

23. A 49. A 75. D

24. B 50. A 76. D

25. A 51. C 77. B

26. B 52. B 78. B

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 13

𝑽𝒗
(8.) e=
𝑽𝒔

Vs = V-Vw
𝑾𝝎
Vw=
𝜸𝒘

Ww=0.0174-0.014
SOLUTIONS Ww= 0.0034 grams
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
𝒀 Vw=
𝟏
(1.) YDRY=
𝟏+𝝎
Vw= 0.0034 cm3
𝟏𝟔.𝟓
YDRY= Vv= 0.0034
𝟏+𝟎.𝟏𝟓

YDRY= 14.35kN/m
3

𝑽𝒗
e=
𝒚𝒘𝑮𝒔 𝑽𝒔
(2.) YDRY=
𝟏+𝒆 Vs= V-Vv
𝟐.𝟕(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
14.35= Vs= 0.0089 – 0.0034
𝟏+𝒆

e= 0.846 Vs= 0.0055

𝒆 𝟎.𝟖𝟒𝟔
n= =
𝟏+𝒆 𝟏+𝟎.𝟖𝟒𝟔
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟒
n= 0.458 e=
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟓

e=0.62
𝝎 𝑮𝑺
(3.) S=
𝒆
𝒆 𝟎.𝟔𝟐
𝟏𝟓(𝟐.𝟕) (9.) n= =
S= 𝟏+𝒆 𝟏+𝟎.𝟔𝟐
𝟎.𝟖𝟒𝟔
n= 0.38
S= 47.9%
𝒚𝒘(𝑮𝒔+𝒆 )
(10.) YSAT=
𝟏+𝒆
𝑾 𝟏𝟖.𝟓 (𝟗.𝟖𝟏)(𝟐.𝟓𝟓+𝟎.𝟔𝟐)
(4.) Y= = YSAT=
𝑽 𝟏 𝟏+𝟎.𝟔𝟐

Y= 18.5 Kn/m3
YSAT= 19.20 kN/m3

(5.) Y= YDRY (1+ 𝝎)

18.5= YDRY (1+ 0.245) 𝒆−𝝎𝑮𝒔
(11.) AVR=
YDRY= 14. 8594 kN/m3 𝟏+𝒆
𝟎.𝟒𝟖𝟔−𝟎.𝟏𝟎(𝟐.𝟕)
YDRY=
𝒚𝒘𝑮𝒔 AVR=
𝟏+𝟎.𝟒𝟖𝟔
𝟏+𝒆
𝟐.𝟕(𝟗.𝟖𝟏) AVR= 0.145 OR 14.5%
14.8594=
𝟏+𝒆

e= 0.783 𝑽𝒗
(12.) e =
𝑽𝒔
Vv = 108 – 61
Vv = 47 cm³
(𝟏+ 𝝎)𝒚𝒘𝑮𝒔 𝟒𝟕
(6.) Y= e =
𝟏+𝒆 𝟔𝟏
(𝟏+𝟎.𝟏𝟒)(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)(𝟐.𝟔𝟓) e = 0.77
18.88=
𝟏+𝒆
𝒆
e=0.57 (13.) n =
𝟏+𝒆
𝟎.𝟕𝟕
n =
𝟏.𝟕𝟕
𝑾𝝎 n = 0.435
(7.) 𝝎=
𝑾𝑺

WW= 200-160 𝒘𝑮𝒔

(14.) S =
𝒆
WW= 40 𝟐𝟏.𝟔(𝟐.𝟕)
S =
𝟒𝟎 𝟎.𝟕𝟕
𝝎= S = 75.7
𝟏𝟔𝟎

𝝎=25% OR 0.25
𝒘𝑮𝒔
(15.) S =
𝒆

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 14

𝒘(𝟐.𝟔𝟓) 𝟐.𝟕𝟎(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
S = (26.) ɣdry = = 18.06 kN/m3
𝒆 𝟏+𝟎.𝟒𝟔𝟕
𝟏(𝟎.𝟒𝟓)
w =
𝟐.𝟔𝟓
(27.) PI = LL – PL
w = 0.17
w = 17%
PI = 41-21.1
(𝑮𝒔 +𝒆)𝒀𝒔
(16.) Ysat = PI = 19.9
𝟏+𝒆
(𝟐.𝟔𝟓+𝟎.𝟒𝟓)(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
Ysat =
(𝟏+𝟎.𝟒𝟓) 𝟑𝟎−𝟐𝟏.𝟏
Ysat = 20.97 kN/m (28.) LI = = 0.447
𝟒𝟏−𝟐𝟏.𝟏

𝑮𝒔 𝒀𝒘
(17.) Ydry =
𝟏+𝒆
𝟐.𝟔𝟓(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
Ydry = (29.) Solution: Since LI = 0.447 < it is
𝟏+𝟎.𝟒𝟓
Ydry = 17.93 kN/m³ plastic

𝑮𝒔 𝒀𝒘 (30.) PI= 61 – 30 = 31
(18.) Ydry =
𝟏+𝒆
𝒘𝑮𝒔
S =
𝒆
𝒘𝑮𝒔
e =
𝑺 𝟕𝟓.𝟒−𝟓𝟏.𝟏
𝑮𝒔 𝒀𝒘 (31.) 𝟂 = = 47.6%
Ydry = 𝟓𝟏.𝟏
𝟏+(𝒘𝑮𝒔)
(𝑺)𝑮𝒔 𝒀𝒘
Ydry = (32.) 𝑳𝑰 =
𝟒𝟕.𝟔−𝟑𝟎
= 0.568
𝑺+(𝒘𝑮𝒔)
𝟔𝟏−𝟑𝟎
(𝟎.𝟒𝟎)𝑮𝒔 𝒀𝒘
14.50 =
𝟎.𝟒𝟎+(𝒘𝑮𝒔)
(𝟎.𝟕𝟎)𝑮𝒔 𝒀𝒘 (33.) PI = LL – PL
17.89 = PI = 68 – 24 = 44%
𝟎.𝟕𝟎+(𝒘𝑮𝒔)
𝑮𝒔𝒀𝒘 =36.25 (0.40 +𝒘𝑮𝒔)
𝟒𝟒
𝑮𝒔𝒀𝒘 =25.56 (0.70 +𝒘𝑮𝒔) (34.) Activity = = 1
𝟒𝟒
14.5 + 36.25 𝒘𝑮𝒔 = 17.85 + 25.56 𝒘𝑮𝒔
16.69 𝒘𝑮𝒔 = 3.35
𝒘𝑮𝒔 = 0.313
0.70𝑮𝒔 (9.81) = 17.89 (0.70 + 0.313 (35.) LL > 60 and PI 35 = Very high
Gs = 2.64
(𝟒𝟓−𝟑𝟏)(𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝟐𝟓−𝟏𝟔)(𝟏)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
(36.) SL = - = 16.13%
𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏
(19.) w(2.64) = 0.313
w = 0.1186 or 11.86% 𝟑𝟏
(37.) Shrinkage ratio = = 1.9375
𝟏𝟔(𝟏)
𝒘𝑮𝒔
(20.) S = 𝟏
𝒆
𝟎.𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟔(𝟐.𝟔𝟒) (38.) Gs = 𝟏 𝟏𝟔.𝟏𝟑 = 2.82
0.70 = 𝟏.𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟓
− 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒆
e = 0.447
𝟐𝟒.𝟐𝟏
(39.) SR= = 1.77
𝟏𝟑.𝟔𝟗(𝟏)
𝝎−𝟎.𝟐𝟓
(21.) 0.20 =
𝟑𝟎
𝟏
𝟂= 31% (40.) Gs = 𝟏 𝟏𝟖.𝟖𝟏 = 2.65
−
𝟏.𝟕𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟑𝟏 (𝟐.𝟕)
(22.) S = (%𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅)𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟖(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝟎.𝟗𝟐 (41.) Sand-size: =
𝟏𝟎𝟎−%𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟎
S= 90.98%
Sand- size: 10%
(𝟏.𝟑𝟏)(𝟐.𝟕)(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
(23.) ɣ = (42.) % OF SILT :
𝟏.𝟗𝟐
ɣ = 18.07 kN/m3 (%𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒕)𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟖(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
Silt-size: =
𝟏𝟎𝟎−%𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟎
(𝟒𝟒−𝟑𝟎.𝟏)(𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝟐𝟒.𝟔−𝟏𝟓.𝟗)(𝟏)(𝟏𝟎𝟎) Silt-size: 60%
(24.) SL = -
𝟑𝟎.𝟏 𝟑𝟎.𝟏
SL= 17.28% (43.) % OF CLAY :
(%𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒚)𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟒(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
Clay-size: =
𝟏𝟎𝟎−%𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟎
Clay-size: 30%
(𝟐.𝟕𝟎+𝟎.𝟒𝟔𝟕)(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
(25.) ɣsat =
𝟏+𝟎.𝟒𝟔𝟕 (44.) % OF CLAY :
ɣsat = 21.18 kN/m3

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 15

Clay size= 15% (57.) n=

𝟎.𝟕𝟖
= 0.44
𝟏.𝟕𝟖

(45.) % OF SILT :
Silt-size: 𝟔𝟓 − 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟕
(58.) 𝟂 = = 14%
Silt-size= 50% 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟕

(46.) % OF CLAY :
(%𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒚)𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟒(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
Clay-size: = 𝟏𝟗.𝟓𝟒
𝟏𝟎𝟎−%𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟎 (59.) ɣdry = =17.14 kN/m3
𝟏𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟒
Clay-size: 30%

(47.) % OF CLAY :
Clay %= 26% 𝟏𝟕.𝟏𝟒(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
(60.) % of compaction = =92.3%
𝟏𝟖.𝟓𝟕

(48.) % OF SILT :
𝟎.𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟗
% OF SILT: 𝟖𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔 (61.) R= =93.3%
𝟏−𝟎.𝟔𝟒(𝟏−𝟎.𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟗)
% OF SILT = 57%

(49.) % OF SAND:
(62.) ɣfield= 0.933(18.31)=17.08 kN/m3
SAND %= 100-83
SAND %= 17%

(63.) ɣmoist = 17.08(1 + 0.28) = 21.86 kN/m3

(50.) ɣdry =0.95(19.5)=18.525 KN/m3

𝟗.𝟖𝟏
(64.) ɣzav = 𝟏 = 17.91 kN/m3
𝟎.𝟏𝟖+ 𝟐.𝟕𝟐
𝟐.𝟔𝟓(𝟗.𝟖𝟏)
(51.) 18.525 = 𝟐.𝟔𝟓𝝎
𝟏+ 𝟎.𝟗𝟓

𝟂= 14.46 % (65.) ɣd= 0.90 (17.91) =16.12 kN/m3

ɣwet = 18.525(1 + 1446) = 21.2 KN/m3

(66.) Bulk unit weight = 16.12(1 + 0.18)

= Bulk unit weight 19.02 kN/m3
𝟏𝟖.𝟓𝟐𝟓
(52.) = 1.14 m3
𝟏𝟔.𝟐𝟓

ɣ𝒅 𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
(53.) 0.94 = (𝟑.𝟎𝟎𝟕−𝟐.𝟔𝟒𝟎)𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟔.𝟐 (67.) w=
𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟎

ɣd field= 15.23 kN/m3

w= 13.9%

(𝟏𝟓.𝟐𝟑−𝟏𝟒.𝟗) (𝟏𝟔.𝟐)
(54.) Dr = - = 27% 𝑾
(𝟏𝟔.𝟐−𝟏𝟒.𝟗) (𝟏𝟓.𝟐𝟑) (68.) Moist density =
𝑽

𝟑.𝟎𝟎𝟕
Moist density =
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟒
(55.) 7.15 Gs = 18.5
Gs = 2.59 Moist density= 2088.19 kg/m3
Moist unit weight= 20.49
(56.) e = 0.3(2.59) = 0.78 kn/m3
𝒎𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒕.
Compacted dry unit wt. =
𝟏+𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒀
Yd =
𝟏+𝒘

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 16

𝟐𝟎.𝟒𝟗 𝟎.𝟐𝟎
Yd = Vs = = 0.8 m/day
𝟏+𝟎.𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝟎.𝟐𝟓
Yd= 17.99 kn/m3
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
(81.) T= = 3750 days
𝟎.𝟖

𝟖𝟎
𝟏𝟕.𝟗𝟗 (82.) T= = 0.000926 m2/s
(69.) Relative compaction = x 100 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟒)
𝟏𝟗

K= 0.000926 / 5.2 = 1.79 x 10-6

Relative compaction= 94.68% 𝒉
(83.) 0.007=
𝟗𝟐𝟎

𝟒𝟐𝟎(𝟏𝟔)
(70.) K= 𝝅
(𝟗.𝟔)𝟐(𝟓𝟎)(𝟒)(𝟔𝟎)
= 7.74x10-3
𝟒 H= 6.44 m

(84.) V= KI
𝟒𝟐𝟎
(71.) 𝝅 (9.6)2 = 0.024cm/sec V = 0.000178(0.007)
𝟒(𝟔𝟎) 𝟒

V = 1.25 x 10-6

𝟏.𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟒 Vs= = 2.97 x 10 -6m/s
(72.) Vs = = 0.068cm/sec 𝟎.𝟒𝟐
𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟓

(85.) solving for hydraulic conductivity;

𝑯 𝟏𝟔𝟎 − 𝟏𝟒𝟓
(73.) RT=2.42-0.475ln22 = 095 i = = = 0.0833333
𝑳 𝟏𝟖𝟎
A = 800*1.6 = 1280 m²

q = 2.8*.083333*1280
(74.) Q = Kia = 298.7 m^3/day
= 0.20740747 m^3/min
12.5= K(2)(19.6)
(𝐰𝟏−𝐰𝟐)
(86.) Flow index (I)= = 50;.
K= 0.319 cm/sec 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝐧𝟐𝐧𝟏)
wL = Ilog(n2/25)+w2;.
𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟔 wL = 50.10%.
(75.) Vs= = 1.01 cm/sec
𝟎.𝟔

(87.) L.l = liquid limit.

P.l = plastic limit.
𝟏.𝟑𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
(76.) V= =6.94x10-6 m/s Group index = (F-35)[0.2+(0.005)(Ll-40)]+0.01(F-
𝟐
15)(Pl-10).

G I = (60-35)[.2+(0.005)(65-40)]+0.01(60-15)(40-
(77.) V=
𝟔.𝟗𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟔(𝟏+𝟎.𝟔𝟒)
= 1.78x10-6 m/s 10).
𝟎.𝟔𝟒

Group index = 21.625

𝚼𝐬
(78.) 6.94 x 10-6 = K(
𝟎.𝟏𝟎𝟐
) (88.) G = =
𝚼𝐰
𝟒
G= 2.696/1.
K= 2.71x10-4 m/s
Υs = Unit weight of sand particle.
𝑯
(79.) I = 𝐆−𝟏
𝑳
Ic = .
𝟏+𝐞
𝟔𝟓−𝟔𝟎
I= = 5 x 10-3 𝒏
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
e = =
𝟏−𝒏

A=25(4000)= 100000 m2
e = 0.44/(1 = 0.44) = 0.78.
Q= KIA = 40 (5 x 10-3))(100000) = 20000 m3/day
Ic = (2.696-1)/(1+0.78) = 0.9528.
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
(80.) V= = 0.20m/day
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 17

(89.) Wt.of container(w1) = 260gm, e = (Coeff.volume change/Coeff.compressibility) -

Wt.of soil+container(w2) = 320gm, 1.
Wt.of soil (dry)+container(w3) = 310gm.
Wt.of water=320-310 = 10gm, e = ((6.75 x 10-2)/(3 x 10-2)) - 1.
Wt.of soil sample = w3-w1=310-260=50gm,
Water content w = wt.of water/wt.of soil * 100. e = 2.25 - 1.
10 * 100/50 = 20%
e = 1.25.

(90.) Wcs=500g / Wc=125g / Wcsw=850g Wcw =

125+500 = 625g then.
(96.) w=.25,
Ws= Wcs-Wc = 500-125= 375g. G=2.52,
W=108gm,V=60c.c.
y=W/V=108/60=1.8gm/c.c
Gs = (Ws)/(Ws + Wcw-Wcsw). y=G.yw(1+w)/(1+e),
1.8=2.52*1(1+.25)/(1+e).
(1+e)=(2.52 * 1.25)/1.8.
=375/(375+625-850). e=1.75-1 = 0.75.
void ratio e = 0.75.
=375/150 = 2.50
(91.) Gs = {(260/140)*((2.75-1)/2.75 )}-1. (97.) Bulk mass or apparent specific gravity(Gm)
= γ/γw = 1.92.
Gs = 1.857*(.636)-1.
γ= (G+eSr)γw/(1+e) => γ/γw = (G+eSr)/(1+e).
Gs = .181 = 18.1%.
We know, eSr = wG => eSr = 0.3*2.75 = 0.825.

(92.) 1.6 = (1*2.56)/(1+e); Therefore,

e = 0.6; 1.92 = (2.75 + 0.825)/(1+e) => 1+e = 3.575/1.92.
n = e/1+e;
n = 0.6/(1+0.6); Therefore, e = 1.862 - 1 = 0.862.
Then n = 0.375.
Therefore, eSr = wG =&gt; 0.3*2.75/0.862 =&gt;Sr
= 0.957 = 95.7%
(93.) Y=108/60=1.8,
Y(dry)=86.4/60=1.44,
G=2.52. (98.) G = 200/(200-(1600-1500)) = 2.
Now Y=Y(dry)(1+w),,
w=0.25. (99.) : Parffin volume = 10/(0.9*1.0) = 11.11 cc
(1.0 - density of water).
Y(dry) = GY(w)/1+e,
Vol.of Soil = (460-10) /(2.5*1.0) = 180 cc.
e = 0.75.
Vol.of Soil = 299 -11.11 = 287.89 cc.
Se = wG,
S =.25 * 2.52/0.75, Vol.of Voids = 287.89 - 180 = 107.89 cc.
S = 84%
Void Ratio = Vol.Voids / Vol os Soilds =
107.89/180 = 0.60
(94.) Yd = GYw/1+WG.

= 2.65x10/1+(.3x2.65). (100.) Discharge Q = kH(Nf/Nd).

= 14.76. Where k = Coefficient of permeability = 3x10^3

cm^2/sec.
(95.) Coeff.compressibility = Coeff.volume
change/(1 + e). H = Ht. of water or head = 50 - 2 = 48 m = 4800
cm.

(1 + e) = Coeff.volume
= 3x10^3*4800*(0.4/2.4).
change/Coeff.compressibility.
= 2.4 cm^3/s.

SOIL MECHANICS
 P a g e | 18

SOIL MECHANICS