Options Guide PDF

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Options Guide

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Options Strategies: Long Call


Purchasing calls has remained the most popular strategy with investors since listed
options were first introduced. Before moving into more complex bullish and bearish
strategies, an investor should thoroughly understand the fundamentals about buying
and holding call options.

Once you feel more confident about your knowledge on options, complete the Firstrade
online application to open your personal investment account and begin trading.

Market Opinion?

Bullish to Very Bullish

When to Use?

The long call strategy appeals to an investor who is generally more interested in the
dollar amount of his initial investment and the leveraged financial reward that long
calls can offer. The primary motivation of the investor of this call option strategy is to
realize financial reward from an increase in price of the underlying security. Experience
and precision are key to selecting the right long call option (expiration and/or strike
price) for the most profitable result. In general, the more out-of-the-money the call is
the more bullish the strategy, as bigger increases in the underlying stock price are
required for the option to reach the break-even point.

As Stock Substitute

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An investor who buys a call instead of purchasing the underlying stock considers the
lower dollar cost of purchasing a call contract versus an equivalent amount of stock as a
form of insurance. The long call strategy allows uncommitted capital to be "insured"
against a decline in the price of the call option's underlying stock, and can be invested
elsewhere. This investor is generally more interested in the number of shares of stock
underlying the call contracts purchased, than in the specific amount of the initial
investment - one call option contract for each 100 shares he wants to own. While
holding the long call option, the investor retains the right to purchase an equivalent
number of underlying shares at any time at the predetermined strike price until the
contract expires.

Note: Equity option holders do not enjoy the rights due stockholders – e.g., voting
rights, regular cash or special dividends, etc. A long call option holder must exercise the
option and take ownership of the underlying shares to be eligible for these rights.

Benefit

A long call option offers a leveraged alternative to a position in the stock. As the
contract becomes more profitable, increasing leverage can result in large percentage
profits because purchasing calls generally requires lower up-front capital commitment
than with an outright purchase of the underlying stock. Long call contracts offer the
investor a pre-determined risk.

Risk vs. Reward

Maximum Profit: Unlimited

Maximum Loss: Limited


Net Premium Paid

Upside Profit at Expiration: Stock Price - Strike Price - Premium Paid


Assuming Stock Price above BEP

Your maximum profit depends only on the potential price increase of the underlying
security; in theory it is unlimited. At expiration an in-the-money call will generally be
worth its intrinsic value. Though the potential loss is predetermined and limited in
dollar amount, it can be as much as 100% of the premium initially paid for the call.
Whatever your motivation for purchasing the call, weigh the potential reward against
the potential loss of the entire premium paid.

Break-Even-Point (BEP)?

BEP: Strike Price + Premium Paid

Before expiration, however, if the contract's market price has sufficient time value
remaining, the BEP can occur at a lower stock price.

Volatility

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If Volatility Increases: Positive Effect
If Volatility Decreases: Negative Effect

Any effect of volatility on the option's total premium is on the time value portion.

Time Decay?

Passage of Time: Negative Effect

The time value portion of an option's premium, which the option holder has
"purchased" by paying for the option, generally decreases, or decays, with the passage of
time. This decrease accelerates as the option contract approaches expiration.

Alternatives before expiration?

At any given time before expiration, a call option holder can sell the call in the listed
options marketplace to close out the position. This can be done to either realize a
profitable gain in the option's premium, or to cut a loss.

Alternatives at expiration?

At expiration, most investors holding an in-the-money call option will elect to sell the
option in the marketplace if it has value, before the end of trading on the option's last
trading day. An alternative is to exercise the call, resulting in the purchase of an
equivalent number of underlying shares at the strike price.

© 2020 The Options Industry Council. All Rights Reserved. Visit us online at
www.optionseducation.org

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