Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Google Cheat Sheet

Google Boolean Cheat Sheet
▪ “Quotation Marks” | When searching for a phrase, use quote marks to treat the phase as a single entity.
Therefore, both words must be right next to each other on the page. Example: ““FirstName LastName"
▪ - (NOT) | Locates pages with one word on the page, but not the other. Example: “FirstName LastName" -
"Subject"
▪ + (AND) | Locates pages with both words on the page. Example: “FirstName LastName" +"Company"
▪ OR | Locates pages either word or both words on the page. Example: “FirstName LastName" OR
"Company"
▪ *Asterisks (Wildcard) | Search for all forms of a particular word. Example: manufac*; will locate pages
with the word manufacture, manufacturing, manufacturer, etc.
▪ Date Range | Allows you to search that company’s name with any of those dates. Example: “Company”
Location 2008…2009
▪ Glossary | Search for glossary, dictionaries, list of terms, terminology. Example: subject ~glossary will
find glossary information related to the subject. You can also use dictionary, terms, terminology.

Google Features Cheat Sheet

▪ Define: | Use Google to get glossary definitions gathered from various online sources. Example: Define:
Word
▪ Site: | Search out content on a website that does not contain a search feature Example: “Phrase or
Content” Site:URL
▪ File Type: | Search for non-HTML file formats including PDF documents and others. Example: “FirstName
LastName" Filetype:pdf [Other options: doc, ppt, xls, etc.]
▪ Related: | Find pages related to a URL. Example: Related:URL
▪ Similar: | Find websites that are similar. Example: Similar:URL
▪ Loc: | Search out business types, company names, individuals based on location. Example: childcare loc:
zip code
▪ Link to: | Find other websites that are linked to a website. Example: Link to: URL
▪ Search by Number: | Use Google to access package tracking information, US patents, and a variety of
online databases. Just type in the number. For details on types of information you can access read
detailed section in this document.
▪ Images: | Click on the “Image” Top Navigation to access the image library on Google. Additionally, you
can also use the filetype feature. Example: Construction filetype:jpg

Tips:
▪ Help | Use your favorite search engine’s “Help” link/button to learn how to use the search engine most
effectively.
▪ Advanced | Use a search engine’s “Advanced” link/button for better searches.
▪ Give it a Hack | Remove a Web site address all the way to the dot (e.g. .com, .edu, .org, .etc.) and
see what the home page of the Web site is.
▪ Search on Page | (Ctrl + F) or Edit  Find on this Page

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Google Web Search Features

In addition to providing easy access to more than 8 billion web pages, Google has many special features to help you to
find exactly what you're looking for. Visit this website to begin your search: http://www.google.com/help/features.html.
Below are Google features
• Cached Links View a snapshot of each page as it looked when we indexed it.
• File Types Search for non-HTML file formats including PDF documents and others.
• Search By Number Use Google to access package tracking information, US patents, and a variety of online
databases.
• Similar & Related Pages Display pages that are related to a particular result.
• Site Search Restrict your search to a specific site.
• Definitions Use Google to get glossary definitions gathered from various online sources.
• Spell Checker Offers alternative spelling for queries.
• Calculator Use Google to evaluate mathematical expressions.
• News Headlines Enhances your search results with the latest related news stories.
• Local Search Search for local businesses and services in the U.S., the U.K., and Canada.
• Street Maps Use Google to find U.S. street maps.
• Travel Information Check the status of an airline flight in the U.S. or view airport delays and weather
conditions.
• Weather Check the current weather conditions and forecast for any location in the U.S.
• Q&A Use Google to get quick answers to straightforward questions.
• I'm Feeling Lucky Bypass our results and go to the first web page returned for your query.
• Web Page Translation Provides English speakers access to a variety of non-English web pages.
• Who Links To You? Find pages that point to a specific URL.
• Book Search Use Google to search the full text of books.
• Stock Quotes Use Google to get live stock quotes and information.
• Results Prefetching Makes searching in Firefox faster.
• Movies Use Google to find reviews and showtimes for movies playing near you.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Cached Links

Google takes a snapshot of each page examined as it crawls the web and caches these as a back-up in case the original
page is unavailable. If you click on the "Cached" link, you will see the web page as it looked when we indexed it. The
cached content is the content Google uses to judge whether this page is a relevant match for your query.

When the cached page is displayed, it will have a header at the top which serves as a reminder that this is not
necessarily the most recent version of the page. Terms that match your query are highlighted on the cached version to
make it easier for you to see why your page is relevant.

The "Cached" link will be missing for sites that have not been indexed, as well as for sites whose owners have requested
we not cache their content.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

File Types

Google has expanded the number of non-HTML file types searched to 12 file formats. In addition to PDF documents,
Google now searches Microsoft Office, PostScript, Corel WordPerfect, Lotus 1-2-3, and others. The new file types will
simply appear in Google search results whenever they are relevant to the user query.

Google also offers the user the ability to "View as HTML", allowing users to examine the contents of these file formats
even if the corresponding application is not installed. The "View as HTML" option also allows users to avoid viruses
which are sometimes carried in certain file formats.

Overall, the additional file types provide Google users a wider view of the content available on the World Wide Web. And
Google has plans to keep expanding the range of file types available over time.

For more information about this feature, please read the file type FAQ.

If you prefer to see a particular set of results with a specific file type (for example, PDF links), simply type
filetype:[extension] (for example, filetype:pdf) within the search box along with your search term(s).

example: Google Search

AAAE Airport filetype:xls

Search By Number

Parcel tracking IDs, patents and other specialized numbers can be entered into Google's search box for quick access to
information about them. For example, typing a FedEx tracking number will return the latest information on your package.
Other special search by number types include:

• UPS tracking numbers example search: "1Z9999W99999999999"

• FedEx tracking numbers example search: "999999999999"

• USPS tracking numbers example search: "9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 99"

• Vehicle ID (VIN) numbers example search: "AAAAA999A9AA99999"

• UPC codes example search: "073333531084"

• Telephone area codes example search: "650"

• Patent numbers example search: "patent 5123123"

Remember to put the word "patent" before your patent number.

• FAA airplane example search: "n199ua"

registration numbers An airplane's FAA registration number is typically printed on its tail.

• FCC equipment IDs example search: "fcc B4Z-34009-PIR"

Remember to put the word "fcc" before the equipment ID.

patent 5123123 Google Search

example:

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Similar & Related Pages

When you click on the "Similar Pages" link for a search result, Google automatically scouts the web for pages that are
related to this result.

The Similar Pages feature can be used for many purposes. If you like a particular site's content, but wish it had more to
say, Similar Pages can find sites with similar content with which you may be unfamiliar. If you are looking for product
information, Similar Pages can find competitive information so you can make direct comparisons. If you are interested in
researching a particular field, Similar Pages can help you find a large number of resources very quickly, without having to
worry about selecting the right keywords.

The more specialized a page is, the fewer results Google will be able to find for you. For example, Similar Pages may not
be able to find related pages for your personal home page if it does not have enough information to authoritatively
associate other pages with yours. Also, if companies use multiple URLs for their pages (such as company.com and
www.company.com), Similar Pages may have little information on one URL, but lots on the other. In general, however,
Similar Pages works well for the majority of web pages.

example:
related:w w w .cnn.com Google Search

Site Search

The word "site" followed by a colon enables you to restrict your search to a specific site. To do this, use the
site:sampledomain.com syntax in the Google search box. For example, to find admission information on Stanford's
site, enter:

example: Google Search

admission site:w w w .stanford.edu

Definitions

To see a definition for a word or phrase, simply type the word "define," then a space, and then the word(s) you want
defined. If Google has seen a definition for the word or phrase on the Web, it will retrieve that information and display it at
the top of your search results.

example: Google Search

define: World Wide Web

You can also get a list of definitions by including the special operator "define:" with no space between it and the term you
want defined. For example, the search [define:World Wide Web] will show you a list of definitions for "World Wide Web"
gathered from various online sources.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Calculator
To use Google's built-in calculator function, simply enter the calculation you'd like done into the search box and hit
the Enter key or click on the Google Search button. The calculator can solve math problems involving basic
arithmetic, more complicated math, units of measure and conversions, and physical constants. Try one of the
sample expressions below, or refer to our complete instructions for help in building your own.

These sample queries demonstrate the utility and power of this new feature:

• 5+2*2
• 2^20
• sqrt(-4)
• half a cup in teaspoons
• 160 pounds * 4000 feet in Calories

example: Google Search

5+2*2

News Headlines

When searching on Google you may see links at the top of your results marked "News". These links connect you
to reports culled from numerous news services Google continuously monitors. The links appear if the terms you
enter are words currently in the news and clicking on them will take you directly to the service supplying them.

example: Google Search

election

To search out information about news use this site: www.news.google.com.

Local Search & PhoneBook

Google Local enables you to search the entire web for just those stores and businesses in a specific
neighborhood. Include a city or zip code in your search and Google displays relevant results from that region at
the top of your search results.

Google used to provide you a way to search out US business & US residences, but has changed this process. To
find a business go to the top nav “Maps” and type in the location. Click “search by” and type in the business name
or type of business. If you are looking for a person’s phone number, type in their last name. Keep in mind, you will
only receive a result if it is a landline. Cell phones do not appear in this search.

Example: Panera Bread loc: Atlanta GA (See image)

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Street Maps
To use Google to find street maps, enter a U.S. street address, including zip code or city/ state (e.g. 165
University Ave Palo Alto CA), in the Google search box. Often, the street address and city name will be enough.
example: Google Search
165 University Ave Palo Alto CA

When Google recognizes your query as a map request, we'll return links from Google Maps and other high quality map
providers that will lead you directly to the relevant map.

Travel Information

To see delays and weather conditions at a particular airport, type the airport's three letter code followed by the word
"airport." For example, San Francisco International Airport updates can be found by searching for "sfo airport."

example: Google Search

sfo airport

To check the status of a U.S. flight, type the name of the airline followed by the flight number. For example, to see the
status for United Airlines flight 134 search for "United 134."

example: Google Search

united 134

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Weather
To see weather conditions and a four-day forecast for a particular U.S. location, type "weather," followed by the
location. Usually a city name will be enough, but you may also want to include a state or zipcode. For example, to
see Palo Alto weather, you could search for "weather palo alto, ca" or "weather palo alto 94301."
example:
w eather palo alto, ca Google Search

Q&A

Want to know the population of Japan? What currency is used in Algeria? The birthplace of Bono? Hit us with a fact-
based question or query (like "population of Japan") by typing it into the Google search box. We'll search the web and
display the answer at the top of your search results page. We also link to our source for this information so that you can
learn even more.

example: Google Search

population of Japan

I'm Feeling Lucky

The "I'm Feeling Lucky™" button takes you directly to the first web page Google returned for your query. You will not see
the other search results at all. An "I'm Feeling Lucky" search means you spend less time searching for web pages and
more time looking at them.

For example, to find the homepage for Stanford University, simply enter Stanford into the search field and click on the
"I'm Feeling Lucky" button. Google takes you directly to "www.stanford.edu", the official homepage of Stanford
University.

example: I'm Feeling Lucky

Stanford

Are you feeling lucky?

Web Page Translation

Google breaks the language barrier with this translation feature. Using machine translation technology, Google now
gives English speakers access to a variety of non-English web pages. Visit this website to translate a language:
(www.translate.google.com/)

Who Links To You?

Some words, when followed by a colon, have special meanings to Google. One such word for Google is the link:
operator. The query link:siteURL shows you pages that point to that URL. For example, link:www.google.com will show
you pages that point to Google's home page. You cannot combine a link: search with a regular keyword search.

example: Google Search

link:w w w .google.com

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Book Search

Google is helping to get the world's information online by bringing books themselves online. Whenever books in
our Google Print index contain content that matches your search terms, you'll see links to those books under Book
Results at the top of your search results page. Click on any book title and you'll see the page in that book which
contains your search terms, as well as other information about the title. Click one of the links under "Buy this
Book" and you'll go straight to a bookstore selling that book online.
example: Google Search
books about ecuador

Stock Quotes

To use Google to get live stock quotes and information, just enter one or more ticker symbols.

example: Google Search

csco

If we recognize the stock ticker you entered, we'll return the latest stock price (with a 15-minute delay for NASDAQ or a
20-minute delay for AMEX and NYSE), along with an intra-day chart, the daily high and low, and other useful information.

When available, we'll also return quotes from an Electronic Communication Network (ECN), a computerized trading
system that reports quotes in real time (Disclaimer). ECNs also allow trading after standard market hours and thus can
be a good source for quotes after market hours. We'll also provide direct links to financial information providers for further
information.

Google's financial information providers are selected and ordered solely on the basis of quality factors, including
download speed, user interface and functionality. Google is not affiliated with these providers in any way. If you'd like to
suggest a provider we might include, please contact us.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Results Prefetching

On some searches, Google automatically instructs your browser to start downloading the top search result before you
click on it. If you click on top result, the destination page will load faster than before.

Google uses a special prefetching feature in Firefox and Mozilla web browsers to provide this functionality, so results
prefetching is not available in Internet Explorer or other web browsers. You can disable prefetching in your web browser
preferences, as described in the Mozilla Prefetching FAQ. In Firefox, you can disable prefetching by doing the following:

1. Type "about:config" the address bar.

2. Scroll down to the setting "network.prefetch-next" and set the value to "False".

With prefetching enabled, you may end up with cookies and web pages in your web browser's cache from web sites that
you did not click on since prefetching happens automatically when you view Google search results pages. You can
delete these files by clearing your browser's cache and cookies.

If you run a web server, you can find webmaster-specific information about this feature in our Webmaster FAQ.

Movies

To find reviews and showtimes for movies playing near you, type "movies", "showtimes" or the name of a current
film into the Google search box. If you've already saved your location by using Google Local, the top search result
will display showtimes for nearby theaters for the movie you've chosen.

example: Google Search

movies

To find theatres and showtimes near you for a currently playing movie, simply search for the movie’s name.

example: Google Search

million dollar baby

Can't remember a movie title, or just looking for something new to see? You can use the "movie:" operator to search for
films related to a specific actor, director or plot detail.

example: Google Search

movie: red pill blue pill

Want to read about the movies you find? Your search results for any film will include an average rating out of 5 stars and
several snippets from online reviews, along with links to the reviews themselves. Click the "reviews" link near any title for
a complete list of online reviews of this film.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Images
The most comprehensive image search on the web.
Google analyzes the text on the page adjacent to the image, the image caption and dozens of other factors to determine
the image content. Google also uses sophisticated algorithms to remove duplicates and ensure that the highest quality
images are presented first in your results.

The images identified by the Google Image Search service may be protected by copyrights.

Search for images with a specific filetype extension

From the advanced search box, you can specify the filetype extension by using the operator filetype: in your query. For
example, if you wish to see images of flowers that are in .jpg format, then enter [ flower filetype:jpg ] in the search box.

Example Search: 400hz filetype:jpg

Results:

Search for images of a specific size or type

Use the Advanced Image Search page to refine your search. Options include size ranges, coloration, filetypes and more.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Saving Images
Click on Image you want to see. Right Click on “See full-size image” and choose “Save Target As”. Save in desired
location. After image downloads, you have an option to Open the file.

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

Additional “Invisible” Websites

The Invisible Web
▪ Web pages not found through an Index search engine (words on the page cannot be indexed because they can’t
be found)
▪ Represents 95% of the Internet, and even more of the Invisible Web
▪ 90% publicly accessible
▪ Look for “Vortal” or “Nutball” sites
o Directory engine line http://www.ipl.org/ or http://www.aiip.org can help search the invisible web
o Use a Google search to find database content e.g. in the Google search form, type in an industry name
and “list of links” or “database” and you might find a site related to the particular industry featuring a list
of links or a database of information

Vortal
Vertical Industry Portal is a portal Web site that provides information and resources for a particular industry. Vortals are
the Internet's way of catering to consumers' focused-environment preferences.

Vortals typically provide news, research and statistics, discussions, newsletters, online tools, and many other services
that educate users about a specific industry.

Invisible Web Sites

▪ Annual Reports
WSJ Report Gallery
(http://wsjie.ar.wilink.com/asp/WSJ3_search_eng.asp )

▪ Public Company Comparisons

EdgarScan
(http://edgarscan.pwcglobal.com/servlets/edgarscan)

▪ State Data
National Association of Secretaries of State
(http://www.nass.org/busreg/busreg.html)

▪ Manufacturers
Thomas Register
(http://www.thomasregister.com)

▪ Company Details
Corporate Information
(http://www.corporateinformation.com/)

▪ Patents & Trademarks

USPTO Patents and Trademarks
Patents: (http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html)
Trademarks: (http://www.uspto.gov/main/trademarks.htm)

▪ Company Consumer History

Better Business Bureau Reports
(http://search.bbb.org/national/search.html)

▪ Company Employee Safety

OSHA Inspection Reports
(http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/index.html)

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

▪ Related Companies to a Company

TouchGraph – GoogleBrowser Graphical Relationships
(http://www.touchgraph.com/TGGoogleBrowser.html)

▪ SIC and NAICS Codes

OSHA SIC Codes and the NAICS Association
SIC: (http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/sicser.html)
NAICS: (http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html)

▪ Associations
American Society of Association Executives
(http://www.asaenet.org)

▪ Business Benchmarking
Biz Stats
(http://www.bizstats.com/)

▪ Market Research Reports

Market Research
(http://www.marketresearch.com/)

▪ Trade Show Information

Trade Show News Network
(http://www.tsnn.com)

▪ Industry Publication Search

Publist
(http://www.publist.com/)

▪ Advertising Statistics
AdAge Data Center
(http://www.adage.com/datacenter.cms?dataCenterId=1)

▪ Demographic Information
Census 2000
(http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html)

▪ Demographic Information II
American Fact Finder
(http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/BasicFactsServlet)

▪ Demographic Information III

CensusScope
(http://www.censusscope.org/)

▪ Psychographic Information
You Are Where You Live
(http://www.clusterbigip1.claritas.com/MyBestSegments/Default.jsp?ID=20)

▪ Community Statistics
Economic Development Information Clearinghouse
(http://12.39.209.165/xp/EDAPublic/Resources/StateLinks.xml)

▪ Individual Mailing List Information

Melissa Data
(http://www.melissadata.com/Lookups/index.html)
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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

▪ Company Business Name

Biz Journals
(http://www.bizjournals.com)

▪ Local News
Newslink
(http://newslink.org)

▪ International News
World News Links
(http://www.abyznewslinks.com)

▪ Web Site History

Way Back Machine
(http://www.archive.org)

▪ Government $s
FedBizOpps
(http://www.fedbizopps.gov)

▪ INPUT
Find, strategize, bid, and win federal, state and local government business
(http://www.input.com)

▪ Fedmine
Federal Market Research & Business Intelligence
(http://www.fedmine.us)

▪ Federal Statistics
FedStats
(http://www.fedstats.gov)

▪ Country Info
CIA World Factbook
(http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html)

▪ Foreign Market and Government Research Reports

Federal Market Research Report Library
(http://www.export.gov/mrllogin.html)

▪ Project Bid
Webster’s Online Business Directory
(http://www.webdir.net/default.asp)

▪ Business Funding
BusinessFinance.com
(http://www.businessfinance.com)

▪ Web Site Owner

Whols
(http://www.netsol.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois)

▪ Domain Name Ideas

Domain Name Brainstorm
(http://www.netsol.com/en_US/name-it/keywords.jhtml)

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

▪ Search Listing
Overture
(http://www.overture.com/d/USm/about/advertisers/ays_home.jhtml)

▪ Labor Statistics
Bureau of Labor Statistics
(http://www.bls.gov)

▪ Salary Figures
BLS National Compensation Survey
(http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=nc)

▪ Business Forms
Entrepreneur.com FormNet
(http://www.entrepreneu.com/formnet)

▪ Business Tools
Business Owners Toolkit
(http://www.toolkit.cch.com/tools/tools.asp)

▪ Training Seminars
Seminar Information Service
(http://www.seminarinformation.com)

▪ Internet Statistics
CyberAtlas Internet Statistics
(http://clickz.com/stats)

▪ Business and Marketing Planning

BPlans.com
(http://www.bplans.com and http://www.mplans.com)

▪ Calculators
Java Financial Calculators
(http://www.dinkytown.net)

▪ Political Contributions
Open Secrets
(http://www.opensecrets.org)

▪ Public Records
Search Systems Public Records Database
(http://www.searchsystems.net)

▪ Reverse Directory
Search by phone number, address, etc. and find out who the person is.
(http://www.reversephonedirectory.com)

▪ Similar Sites Search

Find similar sites.
(http://www.similarsitesearch.com)

▪ Business Filter
The Global Business Search Engine
(http://www.zibb.com)

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 Google Cheat Sheet & Invisible Websites

▪ People Search
Background searches, criminal checks, etc.
(https://www.intelius.com or http://www.spokeo.com)

▪ Business Wire
Commercial press release distribution
(http://www.businesswire.com)

▪ Small Business Administration

Small business resources and searches
(http://search.sba.gov/)

▪ Small Business Suppliers

List of 8(a) firms
(http://www.sba8a.com/)

Link to Other Resources

http://oedb.org/library/college-basics/research-beyond-google

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