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Assignment 3 Communication Theory EE304: Submit QTS.: 2, 3, 6, 8, 10 and 11

This document contains an assignment with 12 questions related to communication theory. Students are asked to submit their answers to questions 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, and 11. The questions cover topics such as Nyquist sampling rate, signal sampling and reconstruction, bandwidth calculations, quantization, pulse code modulation, line coding, and power spectral densities.

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Sourav kumar Meena
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199 views

Assignment 3 Communication Theory EE304: Submit QTS.: 2, 3, 6, 8, 10 and 11

This document contains an assignment with 12 questions related to communication theory. Students are asked to submit their answers to questions 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, and 11. The questions cover topics such as Nyquist sampling rate, signal sampling and reconstruction, bandwidth calculations, quantization, pulse code modulation, line coding, and power spectral densities.

Uploaded by

Sourav kumar Meena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 3

Communication Theory EE304


Submit Qts.: 2, 3, 6, 8, 10 and 11.

1. Determine the Nyquist sampling rate and the Nyquist sampling interval for the signals:

(a) sinc(100πt);
(b) sinc2 (100πt);
(c) sinc(100πt)+sinc(50πt) ;
(d) sinc(100πt) + 3sinc2 (60πt) ;
(e) sinc(50πt)sinc(100πt) ;

2. A signal g(t) =sinc2 (5πt) is sampled (using uniformly spaced impulses) at a rate of (i) 5
Hz; (ii) 10 Hz; (iii) 20 Hz. For each of the three cases:

(a) Sketch the sampled signal.


(b) Sketch the spectrum of the sampled signal.
(c) Explain whether you can recover the signal g(t) from the sampled signal.
(d) If the sampled signal is passed through an ideal low-pass filter of bandwidth 5 Hz,
sketch the spectrum of the output signal.

3. Signals gl (t) = 104 rect(104 t) and g2 (t) = δ(t) are applied at the inputs of ideal low-pass
filters H1 (f ) = rect(ω/40, 000π) and H2 (ω) = rect(ω/20, 000π) (Fig. 1). The outputs
y1 (t) and y2 (t) of these filters are multiplied to obtain the signal y(t) = y1 (t)y2 (t). Find
the Nyquist rate of y1 (t), y2 (t), and y(t). Use the convolution property and the width
property of convolution to determine the bandwidth of y1 (t)y2 (t).

Figure 1:

1
EE304, Assignment 3 Page 2 of 4
4. Prove that a signal cannot be simultaneously time-limited and band-limited. Hint: Show
that the contrary assumption leads to contradiction. Assume a signal simultaneously
time-limited and band-limited so that G(ω) = 0 for |ω| > 2πB. In this case, G(ω) =
G(ω)rect(ω/4B ′) for B ′ > B. This means that g(t) is equal to g(t) ⋆ 2B ′ sinc(2πB ′ t).
Show that the latter cannot be time-limited.

5. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) has 128 characters,
which are binary-coded. If a certain computer generates 100, 000 characters per second,
determine the following:

(a) The number of bits (binary digits) required per character.


(b) The number of bits per second required to transmit the computer output, and the
minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal.
(c) For single error detection capability, an additional bit (parity bit) is added to the
code of each character. Modify your answers in parts (a) and (b) in view of this
information.

6. A compact disc (CD) records audio signals digitally by using PCM. Assume that the
audio signal bandwidth equals 15 kHz.

(a) If the Nyquist samples are uniformly quantized into L = 65, 536 levels and then
binary-coded,determine the number of binary digits required to encode a sample.
(b) If the audio signal has average power of 0.1 watt and peak voltage of 1 volt. Find the
resulting signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) of the uniform quantizer output
in part (a).
(c) Determine the number of binary digits per second (bit/s) required to encode the
audio signal.
(d) For practical reasons discussed in the text, signals are sampled at a rate well above
the Nyquist rate. Practical CDs use 44, 100 samples per second. If L = 65, 536,
determine the number of bits per second required to encode the signal, and the
minimum bandwidth required to transmit the encoded signal.

7. A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. This signal is sampled,
quantized, and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal.

(a) Determine the sampling rate if the signal is to be sampled at a rate 20% above the
Nyquist rate.
(b) If the samples are quantized into 1024 levels, determine the number of binary pulses
required to encode each sample.
(c) Determine the binary pulse rate (bits per second) of the binary-coded signal, and
the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal.

8. A signal band-limited to 1 MHz is sampled at a rate 50% higher than the Nyquist rate
and quantized into 256 levels by using a µ-law quantizer with µ = 255.

(a) Determine the signal-to-quantization-noise ratio.


EE304, Assignment 3 Page 3 of 4

(b) The SQNR (the received signal quality) found in part (a) was unsatisfactory. It must
be increased at least by 10 dB . Would you be able to obtain the desired SQNR
without increasing the transmission bandwidth if it was found that a sampling rate
20% above the Nyquist rate is adequate? If so, explain how. What is the maximum
SQNR that can be realized in this way?

9. The output SQNR of a 10-bit PCM (n = 10) was found to be insufficient at 30 dB . To


achieve the desired SNR of 42 dB, it was decided to increase the number of quantization
levels L. Find the fractional increase in the transmission bandwidth required for this
increase in L.

10. Consider a full-width rectangular pulse shape p(t) =rect(t/Tb ).

(a) Find PSDs for the polar, on-off, and bipolar signaling.
(b) Sketch roughly the PSDs and find their bandwidths. For each case, compare the
bandwidth to the case where p(t) is a half-width rectangular pulse.

11. (a) A random binary data sequence 100110 · · · is transmitted by using a Manchester
(splitphase) line code with the pulse p(t) shown in Fig. 2. Sketch the waveform y(t).
(b) Derive Sy (ω) , the PSD of a Manchester (split-phase) signal in part (a) assuming 1
and 0 equally likely. Roughly sketch this PSD and find its bandwidth.

Figure 2:

12. Consider the two antipodal signal waveforms shown in Fig. 3. Show that these signal
have exactly the same geometric representation as the two rectangular pulses in Fig. 4.

Figure 3:
EE304, Assignment 3 Page 4 of 4

Figure 4: Binary PAM Signal

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