 Aim/ Overview of the practical- What are the Application of Chi-Square

Test and apply other functions on them also

 To know how the data is entered in SPSS.

 To know how to carry out the Chi-square test for nominal and ordinal
data.
 To understand the fact that whether the variables are dependent or if
they have any association between them.
 Interpreting the results from the output.

 Task to be done-
a) Steps of the practical- Take the data and analyze them using Analyze option
1. First of all, in the data view tab, click on analyse, then choose descriptive
statistics and then open Crosstabs.
2. Now, choose the Variables that you want to analyze and enter them in the
rows and columns boxes.
3. Click on Exact and then select Asymptotic only.
4. Click on Statistics and select Chi-Square.
5. Select the tests under the nominal and ordinal heading. (If both the
variables have nominal data then you can select all or any test under Nominal
and same conditions apply to ordinal into ordinal variables that we can choose
any test under the ordinal head. In case one variable is ordinal and one is
nominal, then select Phi and Cramer’s V only.) For our tests we will work on
Phi and Cramer’s V.
6. Click on continue.
7. Click on cells and select observed and expected, row and total or column
and total.
8. Click on continue and then Format, select ascending and descending
depending on choice.
9. Click on continue
10. Click OK.
11. The output screen will appear
 a) Output (Write in brief) -

Explanation for Expected Counts

Checking the assumption whether the expected count in the output is less or more than 5. If it is
less than 5 then we cannot perform the Chi-Square on that because an assumption has been
violated. Thus, despite having the results of the test in the output, if we draw any conclusion
based on them, or take any decision, then the chances of failure will be high. In case all the
expected counts are more than 5, then the assumption will be qualified.

Our Output
Since in our output, we have expected count values less than 5 in case of all the tables, i.e.,
gender and help required table, gender and frequency table, SBI Account and visiting week table,
age and ID related table and type of transaction and type of bank account table, thus the
assumption will not be qualified.

Explanation for the Chi-Square Tests Table

After checking the expected count we come down to the Chi-Square tests table in the output
screen and check the value for the Pearson Chi-Square. The value indicates the strength of
association, but from this value it cannot be analyzed whether the strength of association is low,
medium or high.

For checking the Strength of Association

For checking the significant association between the variables, we check the Phi value. If Phi
Value is less than or equal to 0.05, then there is significant association and thus the null
hypothesis is rejected.
For checking the strength of association we check the values in the value column of the
symmetric measures. The values should lie between 0 to1. If the value is closer to 0, then we can
say that the strength of association is poor and vice versa.

The Generated Output

 In case of gender of the respondent * if the help of the general manager taken, the null
hypothesis is rejected as the Phi value is less than 0.05, forming a significant association,
but the strength of association is week.
 In case of gender of the respondent * frequency of visits to the bank, the null hypothesis
is accepted as the Phi value is more than 0.05, forming no significant association.
 In case of whether the respondent has an SBI Account * in which week does the visitor
visits, the null hypothesis is accepted as the Phi value is more than 0.05, forming no
significant association.
  In case of type of transaction carried out * type of bank account, the null hypothesis is
accepted as the Phi value is more than 0.05, forming no significant association.
 In case of id of the respondent * age of the respondent, the approximate significance
value is less than 0.05, forming a significant association, but the strength of association is
week.

b) Images of the steps and output-

Variable View is Where we can additional information of our data

Data view is where we can inspect our actual data

Images of the steps and output-
In case of nominal variables, following are the common steps:
Step 1:
STEP 2:

STEP 3:

STEP 4:
STEP 5:

STEP 6:
STEP 7: The output will appear

CROSSTABS

/TABLES=gender BY sbiacc

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI

/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

Crosstabs
 Notes

Output Created 06-Sep-2020 23:42:34

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\VK\Desktop\Untitled1.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data 25

File

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated
as missing.

Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on

all the cases with valid data in the
specified range(s) for all variables in
each table.

Syntax CROSSTABS

/TABLES=gender BY sbiacc

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI

/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN

TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.000

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.014

Dimensions Requested 2

Cells Available 174762

[DataSet1] C:\Users\VK\Desktop\Untitled1.sav

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

gender of the customer * do 25 100.0% 0 .0% 25 100.0%

they have sbi account

gender of the customer * do they have sbi account Crosstabulation

do they have sbi account

NO

gender of the customer Count 2 0

% within gender of the 100.0% .0%

customer

% within do they have sbi 100.0% .0%

account

% of Total 8.0% .0%

FEMALE Count 0 2

% within gender of the .0% 20.0%

customer
 % within do they have sbi .0% 40.0%
account

% of Total .0% 8.0%

MALE Count 0 3

% within gender of the .0% 23.1%

customer

% within do they have sbi .0% 60.0%

account

% of Total .0% 12.0%

Total Count 2 5

% within gender of the 8.0% 20.0%

customer

% within do they have sbi 100.0% 100.0%

account

% of Total 8.0% 20.0%

gender of the customer * do they have sbi account Crosstabulation

do they have sbi

account

YES Total

gender of the customer Count 0 2

% within gender of the .0% 100.0%

customer

% within do they have sbi .0% 8.0%

account

% of Total .0% 8.0%

FEMALE Count 8 10
 % within gender of the 80.0% 100.0%
customer

% within do they have sbi 44.4% 40.0%

account

% of Total 32.0% 40.0%

MALE Count 10 13

% within gender of the 76.9% 100.0%

customer

% within do they have sbi 55.6% 52.0%

account

% of Total 40.0% 52.0%

Total Count 18 25

% within gender of the 72.0% 100.0%

customer

% within do they have sbi 100.0% 100.0%

account

% of Total 72.0% 100.0%

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Value df sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 25.034a 4 .000

Likelihood Ratio 13.970 4 .007

N of Valid Cases 25

a. 7 cells (77.8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .16.
 Symmetric Measures

Value Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Nominal Phi 1.001 .000

Cramer's V .708 .000

N of Valid Cases 25

CROSSTABS

/TABLES=acctype BY tran_typ

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI

/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

Crosstabs

Notes

Output Created 06-Sep-2020 23:48:50

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\VK\Desktop\Untitled1.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

 Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data 25

File

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated
as missing.

Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on

all the cases with valid data in the
specified range(s) for all variables in
each table.

Syntax CROSSTABS

/TABLES=acctype BY tran_typ

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI

/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN

TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.000

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.006

Dimensions Requested 2

Cells Available 120988

[DataSet1] C:\Users\VK\Desktop\Untitled1.sav
 Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

type of account * transaction 25 100.0% 0 .0% 25 100.0%

type

type of account * transaction type Crosstabulation

transaction type

demand draft deposits

type of account Count 2 3 0

% within type of account 28.6% 42.9% .0%

% within transaction type 100.0% 60.0% .0%

% of Total 8.0% 12.0% .0%

CURRENT Count 0 1 1

% within type of account .0% 50.0% 50.0%

% within transaction type .0% 20.0% 8.3%

% of Total .0% 4.0% 4.0%

LOAN Count 0 0 1

% within type of account .0% .0% 100.0%

% within transaction type .0% .0% 8.3%

% of Total .0% .0% 4.0%

OTHER Count 0 0 1
 % within type of account .0% .0% 100.0%

% within transaction type .0% .0% 8.3%

% of Total .0% .0% 4.0%

PPF Count 0 0 1

% within type of account .0% .0% 100.0%

% within transaction type .0% .0% 8.3%

% of Total .0% .0% 4.0%

SAVING Count 0 1 8

% within type of account .0% 7.7% 61.5%

% within transaction type .0% 20.0% 66.7%

% of Total .0% 4.0% 32.0%

Total Count 2 5 12

% within type of account 8.0% 20.0% 48.0%

% within transaction type 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

% of Total 8.0% 20.0% 48.0%

type of account * transaction type Crosstabulation

transaction type

withdrawal Total

type of account Count 2 7

% within type of account 28.6% 100.0%

% within transaction type 33.3% 28.0%

% of Total 8.0% 28.0%

CURRENT Count 0 2

% within type of account .0% 100.0%

 % within transaction type .0% 8.0%

% of Total .0% 8.0%

LOAN Count 0 1

% within type of account .0% 100.0%

% within transaction type .0% 4.0%

% of Total .0% 4.0%

OTHER Count 0 1

% within type of account .0% 100.0%

% within transaction type .0% 4.0%

% of Total .0% 4.0%

PPF Count 0 1

% within type of account .0% 100.0%

% within transaction type .0% 4.0%

% of Total .0% 4.0%

SAVING Count 4 13

% within type of account 30.8% 100.0%

% within transaction type 66.7% 52.0%

% of Total 16.0% 52.0%

Total Count 6 25

% within type of account 24.0% 100.0%

% within transaction type 100.0% 100.0%

% of Total 24.0% 100.0%

 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Value df sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 16.513a 15 .349

Likelihood Ratio 20.732 15 .146

N of Valid Cases 25

a. 23 cells (95.8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .08.

Symmetric Measures

Value Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Nominal Phi .813 .349

Cramer's V .469 .349

N of Valid Cases 25

CROSSTABS

/TABLES=visit BY per_visi

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI

/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

Crosstabs
 Notes

Output Created 06-Sep-2020 23:49:32

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\VK\Desktop\Untitled1.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data 25

File

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated
as missing.

Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on

all the cases with valid data in the
specified range(s) for all variables in
each table.

Syntax CROSSTABS

/TABLES=visit BY per_visi

/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI

/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN

TOTAL

/COUNT ROUND CELL.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.015

 Elapsed Time 00:00:00.072

Dimensions Requested 2

Cells Available 98303

[DataSet1] C:\Users\VK\Desktop\Untitled1.sav

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

do they visit * per visit in a 25 100.0% 0 .0% 25 100.0%

week

do they visit * per visit in a week Crosstabulation

per visit in a week

1st week 2nd week

do they visit Count 2 4 1

% within do they visit 28.6% 57.1% 14.3%

% within per visit in a week 100.0% 28.6% 25.0%

% of Total 8.0% 16.0% 4.0%

less than one week Count 0 1 1

 % within do they visit .0% 33.3% 33.3%

% within per visit in a week .0% 7.1% 25.0%

% of Total .0% 4.0% 4.0%

more than three months Count 0 0 0

% within do they visit .0% .0% .0%

% within per visit in a week .0% .0% .0%

% of Total .0% .0% .0%

one month to three months Count 0 2 2

% within do they visit .0% 40.0% 40.0%

% within per visit in a week .0% 14.3% 50.0%

% of Total .0% 8.0% 8.0%

one week to one month Count 0 7 0

% within do they visit .0% 77.8% .0%

% within per visit in a week .0% 50.0% .0%

% of Total .0% 28.0% .0%

Total Count 2 14 4

% within do they visit 8.0% 56.0% 16.0%

% within per visit in a week 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

% of Total 8.0% 56.0% 16.0%

do they visit * per visit in a week Crosstabulation

per visit in a week

3rd week 4th week Total

do they visit Count 0 0 7

% within do they visit .0% .0% 100.0%

 % within per visit in a week .0% .0% 28.0%

% of Total .0% .0% 28.0%

less than one week Count 1 0 3

% within do they visit 33.3% .0% 100.0%

% within per visit in a week 33.3% .0% 12.0%

% of Total 4.0% .0% 12.0%

more than three months Count 1 0 1

% within do they visit 100.0% .0% 100.0%

% within per visit in a week 33.3% .0% 4.0%

% of Total 4.0% .0% 4.0%

one month to three months Count 0 1 5

% within do they visit .0% 20.0% 100.0%

% within per visit in a week .0% 50.0% 20.0%

% of Total .0% 4.0% 20.0%

one week to one month Count 1 1 9

% within do they visit 11.1% 11.1% 100.0%

% within per visit in a week 33.3% 50.0% 36.0%

% of Total 4.0% 4.0% 36.0%

Total Count 3 2 25

% within do they visit 12.0% 8.0% 100.0%

% within per visit in a week 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

% of Total 12.0% 8.0% 100.0%

 Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Value df sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 21.873a 16 .147

Likelihood Ratio 20.995 16 .179

N of Valid Cases 25

a. 24 cells (96.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .08.

Symmetric Measures

Value Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Nominal Phi .935 .147

Cramer's V .468 .147

N of Valid Cases 25

LEARNING OUTCOMES

 How to enter data in variable and nominal view.

 How to carry out chi Square test of association.
 How to interpret the result from output.