My Blood Vessels Lead All The Way To My Destination!: Arteries
My Blood Vessels Lead All The Way To My Destination!: Arteries
My Blood Vessels Lead All The Way To My Destination!: Arteries
Capillaries
Capillary beds are present in all regions of the body but not all
beds are open at same time. Sphincter muscle contraction closes
off a bed and blood can only flow through Arteriovenous shunt.
Veins
Venules drain blood from capillaries that join to form veins that
take the blood to the heart. Veins have much less smooth muscle
and connective tissue than artery.
- Veins have Valves that prevent back-flow of blood when it closes.
- Veins carry 70% of body’s blood and act as reservoir during
Hemorrhage ()اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ.
WHAT ARE TYPES OF
ARTERIES? 1. Elastic Arteries: contain high amount of Elastic tissue in their
walls. Example: Large arteries (Aorta).
2. Muscular Arteries: Medium-sized arteries (Arteries of Upper
and Lower limbs).
WHAT ABOUT ABDOMINAL Abdominal Aorta extends from Diaphragm (T12) to bifurcation of
AORTA? Aorta at L4, where it divides into 2 Common Iliac Arteries.
• Branches of Abdominal Aorta include:
1. Single Arteries:
a. Celiac Artery, which supplies the Stomach, Liver, and Spleen by
Gastic, Splenic, and Hepatic arteries.
b. Superior Mesenteric Artery, which supply Small Intestine.
c. Inferior Mesenteric Artery, which supply Large Intestine.
d. Median Sacral Artery, which runs on the Sacrum.
2. Paired Arteries:
a. Renal Arteries, which supply the Kidneys.
b. Suprarenal Arteries, which supply the Suprarenal glands.
c. Gonadal Arteries, which are Testicular arteries in Males and
Ovarian arteries in females.
WHAT IS BLOOD SUPPLY TO Subclavian artery supplies Upper limb with blood. It passes
UPPER LIMBS? laterally, deep to the clavicle and enters Axilla (Axillary artery)
→ Runs in Arm (Brachial artery) → In front of elbow, it divides
into Radial (Lateral) and Ulnar (Medial) arteries.
- In the Hand, Ulnar and Radial arteries give Superficial and Deep
Palmar arches to supply structures in the Hand.
WHAT IS BLOOD SUPPLY TO
LOWER LIMBS?
Common Iliac Arteries divide into two branches:
1. External Iliac Artery: supply the Lower Limb.
2. Internal Iliac Artery: supply structures of the pelvis.
- External iliac artery becomes Femoral artery once it passes
below Inguinal ligament. Then, it becomes Popliteal artery once
the femoral artery enter the popliteal fossa.
- Popliteal artery divides into Anterior Tibial Artery (in front of
the leg) and Posterior Tibial Artery (in back of the leg).
WHAT ARE ARTERIES OF 1. Anterior Tibial Artery on the Dorsum of the foot become the
THE FOOT? Dorsalis pedis artery and forms Dorsal arterial arch (supply the
dorsal aspect of the foot).
2. Posterior Tibial Artery gives Medial and Lateral Plantar artery
that supply Plantar surface of the foot.
WHAT ARE ARTERIES OF 1. Vertebral Arteries, which are branches of Subclavian artery. It
THE HEAD AND NECK? runs in Foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra.
- Right and Left vertebral arteries unite to form Basilar artery,
which gives Posterior cerebral artery to supply the brain.
2. Common Carotid Arteries, which divides into 2 branches:
a. External carotid artery, which supplies the face (Maxillary a.)
and the scalp (Superficial temporal artery).
b. Internal carotid artery, which enters the skull through carotid
foramen to supply the brain.
WHAT ABOUT THE VEINS OF
There are two veins that collect blood and drain it to Rt. Atrium:
THE BODY?
1. Superior vena cava, which is formed by the unite of Right and
Left (Longer) Brachiocephalic veins. Each of these are formed by
the unite of Subclavian and Internal Jugular veins.
- Right and Left vertebral veins drain into Brachiocephalic veins.
2. Inferior vena cava, which is formed by the union of 2 common
iliac veins (Right and Left). It crosses the Diaphragm at T8.
- Inferior vena cava receives Renal, Suprarenal, Testicular,
Ovarian, Lumbar, Inferior phrenic, and Hepatic veins.
WHAT ARE CLINICAL • Varicose veins: dilated tortuous veins due to accumulation of
TERMS RELATED TO BLOOD blood in veins caused by damage of valves.
VESSELS? - It usually occurs in veins of lower limbs like great saphenous
vein. Also, it may happen in Pregnancy and Long-standing.
• Varicocele: dilatation of testicular vein.
• Vasoconstriction: decrease in the diameter of arteries. It causes
Hypertension (increase in blood pressure).
• Vasodilatation: increase in the diameter of arteries. It causes
Hypotension (decrease in blood pressure).