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Chapt0 - IC Engines - Scenario

The document discusses the present and future of internal combustion engines. It covers several topics: 1) Internal combustion engine development focuses on increasing efficiency and reducing emissions through downsizing, heat recovery, alternative fuels, and advanced combustion systems. 2) Light-duty vehicles currently account for 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and their numbers are projected to double by 2040, increasing environmental impacts. 3) Future technologies aim to improve engine efficiency through techniques like direct injection, supercharging, variable valve timing, and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion.

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peter
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254 views20 pages

Chapt0 - IC Engines - Scenario

The document discusses the present and future of internal combustion engines. It covers several topics: 1) Internal combustion engine development focuses on increasing efficiency and reducing emissions through downsizing, heat recovery, alternative fuels, and advanced combustion systems. 2) Light-duty vehicles currently account for 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and their numbers are projected to double by 2040, increasing environmental impacts. 3) Future technologies aim to improve engine efficiency through techniques like direct injection, supercharging, variable valve timing, and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion.

Uploaded by

peter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Present and future of

internal combustion engines


Present and future of
internal combustion engines
Internal combustion engine development will never stop!

Efficiency increase Pollutant control

After-
Downsizing
treatment

Heat Alternative
recovery fuels

Direct Combustion
injection systems
Projected Fleet Increase
Global trends: 2010-2040

Source: ExxonMobil, Energy Outlook (2014)

Number of light-duty vehicles to double by 2040


10

Environment
Light duty vehicles impact on the environment

Global CO2 emissions by sector LDV CO2 emissions by region

Source: IEA (2005), WBCSD (2004).

10% of global GHG emissions related to LDVs


Projected Fleet Increase
Number of light-duty vehicles to double by 2040
Transportation sector is responsible for a significant
environmental impact

5
Source: ExxonMobil, Energy Outlook (2014)
Two-wheeler segment:
Battery potentials
• Energy density of batteries will be
significantly less than HC energy carriers
• "The maximum theoretical potential of
advanced lithium-ion batteries that haven't
yet been demonstrated to work is still only
about 6 percent of crude oil.” - The Limits of
Energy Storage Technology, Kurt Zenz House, The
Bulletin of Atomic Scientist, 20 January, 2009
Future main technology fields

Fuels and lubes Internal


combustion
engine

Drive train &


transmission

Exhaust gas aftertreatment Overall


Supercharging powertrain
management

 Increase efficiency and reduce raw emissions


 Develop complex aftertreatment systems
 Develop modern clean fuels and lubes
Biodiesel fuel from Jatropha curcas

Biodiesel fuel from algae


Main ICE technologies to reduce energy consumption

Advanced combustion process Variable Valve Timing

Valve Lift [mm]


10
8
6
Inlet
4 Outlet frei
wählbar
2
0

PILOT PRE MAIN AFTER POST

DI HCCI / CAI Multiple Injection


and combinations
Supercharging and downsizing Transmission
120
standard naturally aspirated engine Clutch 2 Clutch 1
1. 3. 5. 4. 2. 6.

80 supercharged range
Torque
[%]

Capacity reduction S1 S2 S3 S4

40
Aspirating map
downsized engine
0
idle rated
- Revolutions [1/min] - Toroidal-CVT Automated manual transmission
HCCI Combustion

What is HCCI?

Source: Dec et al.

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