Tarot in Piedmont in The 16 Century: The Oldest Book On The Subject
Tarot in Piedmont in The 16 Century: The Oldest Book On The Subject
Tarot in Piedmont in The 16 Century: The Oldest Book On The Subject
It is well known that very few documents have been preserved concerning the first two or three
centuries following the introduction of Tarocchi. Some evidence derives from poems or other
literary sources, which were very seldom fully dedicated to Tarot. There is, however, some hope
that our richest libraries may still contain useful documentation, since the scholars of the past two
centuries have practically neglected this field, evidently considering it not worthy of any specific
investigation. A partial explanation for this behaviour may be found in the fact that Tarots have
been for centuries everyday objects, too common to stimulate any detailed description, whereas
lately they have, more or less suddenly, completely disappeared from most towns and regions of
Italy.
One exception, however, is known to exist which, moreover, is not a manuscript codex or a
document forgotten in some archive. It is, on the contrary, a veritable printed book which has
already been recorded in several bibliographies and catalogues. However, since finding it has not
been too easy, a short introduction will be devoted to the sources and the information gained before
the book itself is studied.
For Italian books on cards there exists a useful, although rare, bibliography by A. Lensi,
published in Florence in 1892 and reprinted in 1985 (Bibliografia Italiana di Giuochi di Carte,
Longo Editore, Ravenna) in a limited edition, with some additions by Silvestroni and Dossena. This
bibliography has also been cited by Dummett in his treatise on page 270 (and seemingly used in
several other passages of the same work). In it we find on page 32 the following: Piscina Francesco.
Discorso sopra la significatione de’ tarocchi. Mondovì 1570. Citato nel Mare Magnum del
Marucelli che si conserva manoscritto a Firenze. A check on the manuscript bibliography showed
that Lensi had not only correctly derived his information therefrom, but also that a second entry was
initially included on a different page with a slightly different title but later deleted as soon as it was
realised that it was already listed. This occurrence of a double entry is not common, but far from
unique.
Moreover, the book is cited in several catalogues of Piedmontese writers, which also give some
information on the author and his life. His town was at the time a flourishing cultural centre: in
Monte Regale (now Mondovì, near Cuneo) the Duke of Savoy, Emanuele Filiberto, had established
in 1560 a university attended by students from both sides of the Alps. This little town already
possessed printing-houses, from the previous century, and a certain number of incunabula are
known from that unexpected provenance. We have obtained a good deal of information from a
Dissertazione, published in 1801 in Turin and in 1804 in Mondovì, by the priest Gioachino Grassi
di Santa Cristina on the printing-houses of that town. Two booklets by Piscina would appear to have
been published in 1570, that is after the beautiful editions by Lorenzo Torrentino and his sons,
together with Arnoldo Arlenio. These printers came probably from Flanders and Germany
respectively but had practised their art for some time in Florence whence they were summoned to
Mondovì by the above-mentioned Duke of Savoy. What escaped this local expert − due to the fact
that no copy of the edition here discussed has been preserved in the libraries of the town − is that
the edition is in fact five years older, and thus can be included among the Torrentino editions,
actually bearing the name of the son Lionardo on the title-page.
From the Syllabus Scriptorum Piedemontii, by D. Andrea Rossotti, published in Mondovì in
1667, we obtain on pp. 216-7 information not only about Francesco Piscina but also about his
father. The latter had been so brave in the battle of Cerasole that the King of France, Francis I,
allowed him to display the Royal fleur-de-lis on his coat of arms. The Doctor Utriusque Juris
Francesco Piscina had been a student of law under Menochio, a well-known professor and writer,