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This document contains two figures and their descriptions that show percentages of populations in different age groups and regions of the world in 2011. Figure 7.14a shows that Africa, Latin America, and Asia had the highest percentages of populations under age 15, indicating their potential for continued population growth. Figure 7.14b shows that North America and Europe had the largest proportions of elderly populations over age 65, as their population growth rates have slowed or declined due to lower fertility rates. Developing countries accounted for 82% of the world's population growth in the 21st century due to their younger age structures. Aging populations strain social services and increase tax burdens on countries.

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46 views1 page

Xffixxxg: Ffiffi F .F

This document contains two figures and their descriptions that show percentages of populations in different age groups and regions of the world in 2011. Figure 7.14a shows that Africa, Latin America, and Asia had the highest percentages of populations under age 15, indicating their potential for continued population growth. Figure 7.14b shows that North America and Europe had the largest proportions of elderly populations over age 65, as their population growth rates have slowed or declined due to lower fertility rates. Developing countries accounted for 82% of the world's population growth in the 21st century due to their younger age structures. Aging populations strain social services and increase tax burdens on countries.

Uploaded by

Muh Haidir
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Fereentages of prerepnoductive and elderly populations for various regions

of the wonld o Figure 7.14


a. Percentages of the population under age 1 5 in 201 1. The higher b. Percentages ofthe population olderthan 65inZA11.
this percentage, the greater the potential for population growth. Lower fertility rates Iead to aging populations. Note the larger
Note the high percentage of young people in Africa, Latin America, proportions of elderly in North America and Europe, where
and Asia, home to many of the world's developing countries. population growth rates are typically slow, stagnant, or declining.

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of people in developing countries (including China) in- strains its social security, health, and pension systems.
creased to 82 percent of the world population. Most of To reduce such costs, governments wi& growing elderly
the population increase during the 21st century will take populations may offer incentives to the elderly to work
place in developing countries, largely as a result of their longer before retiring.
younger age structures (Figure 7.14a). These countries, Not all characteristics of an elderly population are neg-
with their already limited access to resources, will have ative, however. Sociologists have observed that in an aglng
economic difficulty supporting such growth. population the rate of violent crime may decline , as ).oung
Declining fertility rates have profound social and adults-those most likely to commit crimes-represent an
economic implications because as fertility rates drop, increasingly smaller proportion of the population..
the percentage of the population that is elderly increases
(Figure 7.14b). An aging population has a higher
percentage of people who are chronically ill or disabled, CONCEPT CHECI(
and these people require more health care and other
social services. Because the elderly produce less wealth 1. What is the demographic transition?
(urost are retired), an aging population reduces a coun- 2. What is infant mortality rate? How does it vary
try's productive workforce, increases its tax burden, and in highly developed and developing countries?

Stabilizing World Population


LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Relate total fertility rates to each of the ispersal-moving from one piace to an+.
following: cultural values, social and economic ther-used to tre a solution for unsustainable
status of women, availability of family planning popuiatiou growth, but not today. As a spe-
services, and government policies. cies, Ive humans have expanded orrr range
2, Explain the link between education and total throushout Earth, and few habitabie areas remain that
fertility rates. have the resources to adequately support a major

174 CHAPTER 7 Human Population Change and the Environment

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