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Do Populations Change In: Size?

Populations change size due to birth and death rates. The growth rate of a population equals the birth rate minus the death rate, plus immigration minus emigration. Maximum population growth, or biotic potential, depends on life history traits like age of reproduction and number of offspring. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria can increase from one individual to over a billion in just 15 hours due to their high biotic potential and short generation time.

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81 views1 page

Do Populations Change In: Size?

Populations change size due to birth and death rates. The growth rate of a population equals the birth rate minus the death rate, plus immigration minus emigration. Maximum population growth, or biotic potential, depends on life history traits like age of reproduction and number of offspring. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria can increase from one individual to over a billion in just 15 hours due to their high biotic potential and short generation time.

Uploaded by

Muh Haidir
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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How Do Populations Change in Size?

The growth rate {r) of a local population must take


account birfh rate (&), death rate (d), imrnigration
Populations of organisms, whether sunllowers, eagles,
and emigration (e) (Figure 7.2h). The growth rate eq
or humans, chang;e over time. On a global scale, this
(birth rate minus death rate) plus (immigration m
change is due to two factors: the rate at which individual
emigration):
organisms produce offspring (the birrh rate) and the
rate at which individual organisms die (the death rate)
(Figure 7"2a).In humans, the birth rate (&) is usually r= (b-d) + (i- e)

expressed as the number of births


growth rate (r) per 1000 people per year ancl the
The rate of change death rate (rfl as the number of Maximum Population Growth
(increase or decrease) deaths per 1000 people per year. Different species have different biotic potentials (
of a population's The growth rate (r) of a popula- called intrinsic ra,tes of increase). Ser,,erai factors ir
size, expressed in
tion is the birth rzte (&) minus the ence the biotic potential of a species: the age at w1
percentage per year.
death rate {d}: reproduction begins, the fiaction
of the life span during which an biotic potential
The rate
r= b*d, individual can reproduce, the whichmaximum a population
number of reproductive periods could increase und
Growth rate is also referred to as natural i.ncrease in per lifetime, and the number of ideal conditions.
human populations. offspring produced during each
If more individuals in a population are bort than period of reproduction. These factors, called life hi
die, the growth rate is rnore than zero, and population charact eristi,cs, de termine whether a particular spe cies
size increases. If more individuals in a population die a large or a small biotic potential.
than are born, the growth rate is less than zero, and pop- Generally, larger organisms, such as blue whales
ulation size decreases. If the growth rate is equal to zero, elephants, have the smallest biotic potentials, whe
births and deaths match, and population size is station- microorganisrns have the greatest biotic potenl
ary despite continued reproduction and death. Under ideal conditions (that is, in an environment.
In addition to birth and death rates, dispersal*move- unlimited resources), certain bacteria reproducr
rnent from one region or country to another-affects dividing in half every 30 minutes. At this rate of gro
local populations. There are two rypes of dispersal: a single bacterium increases to a population of n
immigration (4, in n'hich individuals enter a popula- than 1 million in just 10 hours and exceeds I billio
don and increase its size, and emigration (e), in which 15 hours. If you plot bacterial population numbers
individuals leave a population and decrease its size. sus time, the graph takes on the characteristic J shap

Fa*tors that Emteraat t$ ehange pspulatiert siu€ n Figune 7.2


Decrease population:

Births Deaths
Deaths
,,..,r,l@
,t.t@
,] r..:r;ifl

lmmigration Emigration

a. On a global scale, the change in a population is b. ln local populations, such as the population of
due to the number of births and deaths. the United States, the number of births, deaths,
immigrants, and emigrants affects population size.

Population Ecology

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