Motion and Measurement of Distances

Motion and Measurement of Distances
Q1. Fill in the blanks.

i. Measurement is the comparison of an unknown quantity with some fixed quantity.
ii. 1 km = 1000 m.
iii. Standard unit of length is metre.
iv. The length of curved line can be measured using a thread.
v. Length is the distance between two points or ends of an object.
vi. Motion means the change in position of an object with time.

Q2. True/False
i. The choice of device used for the measurement depends on the type of
measurement to be made. True
ii. Our senses are reliable for accurate measurement. False
iii. 1m = 100cm. True
iv. 5km = 5000cm. False
v. Motion of a child on a swing is periodic motion. True
vi. Motion of a wheel of a cycle is random motion. False
Q3. Which measuring device can be used to measure the girth of a tree?
Ans. Measuring tape

Q4. Write the type of motion in which a body moves along a straight path.
Ans. Rectilinear or linear motion

Q5. Which unit of length is used to measure a large distance?
Ans. Kilometre

Q6. Write one example of circular motion.
Ans. Motion of hands of a clock

Q7. Write one example of rectilinear motion.
Ans. Motion of an apple falling from a tree
Q8. Write one example of periodic motion.

Ans. A bouncing ball
Q9. Name the type of motion in which a body moves along a curved path.
Ans. Circular or Rotational motion
Q10. Name the type of motion in which motion repeats after equal time interval.
Ans. Periodic motion

Q11. The distance between Ria’s house and temple is 1340 m. Express this distance in
kilometre.
Ans. 1km = 1000m
1340/1000 = 1.340 km

Q12. Find the length of square in mm.
Ans. Each side = 5 x 10 = 50mm (All sides of

square are equal)

Q13. Define ‘unit’.
Ans. The fixed quantity with which we compare an unknown quantity is called unit.

Q14. When object is said to be in rest?
Ans. If the position of an object does not change with time, it is said to be at rest.
Q15. What do you understand by ‘measurement’?

Ans. Measurement means the comparison of some unknown quantity with a known fixed
quantity of same kind.

Q16. What is the common in between hand span, pace, angul and fist?
Ans. All of these are non-standard units of measurement that changes from person to person.

Q17. When object is said to be in motion?
Ans. When an object changes its position with time with respect to another object, it is said to
be in motion.

Q18. Why is the hand span not considered as a reliable unit for measuring the length?
Ans. Hand span is not considered as a reliable unit for measuring the length because length of
hand span varies from person to person.

Q19. What do you understand by standard unit of measurement?
Ans. The unit which is acceptable to the majority of people as a basic unit of measurement is
called standard unit of measurement.
Q20. Why can't hand span and cubit be used as standard units?
Ans. Hand span and cubit cannot be used as standard units because everyone's body parts
could be of slightly different sizes which cause confusion in measurement.

Q21. Why we should not use an elastic tape for measuring the length?
Ans. We should not use an elastic tape for measuring the length because elastic measuring tape
is stretchable and the length of the tape may change on stretching. Thus, an elastic tape gives
wrong measurement.

Q22. State the 3 precautions which should be taken while using a metre scale to measure
length.
Ans. In taking measurement of a length, we need to take care of the following:
i. Place the scale in contact with the object along its length.
ii. Avoid taking measurements using broken scale.
iii. Eye must be exactly in front of the point where the measurement is to be taken.
Q23. How people travelled from one place to another in earlier times before the discovery of
wheel?
Ans. Long ago people used to move only on foot and carry goods on their back or using
animals. For transport along water routes, boats were used from ancient times.

Q24. Write the steps to measure the length of objects using measuring tape.
Ans. Steps to measure the length of objects using measuring tape:
i. Place the measuring tape in contact with the object along its length.
ii. Take the measurements from the zero mark of the measuring tape.
iii. Note the reading at the other end of the object.
iv. This gives the measure of the length of the object.

Q25. Write the unit for measuring the following:
i. Distance between Noida and Gurugram - Kilometre
ii. Thickness of compact disc (CD) - Millimetre
iii. Length of a sharpener - Centimetre
iv. Length of a tie – Centimetre
v. Length of a sari – Metre
Q26. Name the device used to measure the following:

i. Size of shoulder – Measuring tape
ii. Size of waist – Measuring tape
iii. Height of a pole – Measuring tape
iv. Weight of an object – Weighing balance
v. Fabric for a dress – Measuring tape or Metre scale
vi. Circum ference of a round platform – A long thread or Measuring tape

Q27. “Pace or footstep cannot be used as standard unit of length”. Comment
Ans. The size of foot varies from one person to another. Length measured by footsteps of two
different persons may not be equal. Thus foot step is not a fixed quantity as it differs from
person to person. Hence, it cannot be used as standard unit of length.

Q28. Distance between Ayush’s home and his office is 14.5 km. How much time will he take to
reach his workplace if he is travelling by a car with a speed of 30,000 m/hr.?
Ans. 14.5 km = 14.5 x 1000 = 14500m
Car covers 30,000m in 1 hr.
Car covers 1m in 1/30,000 hr.
Car covers 14500m in 1/30,000 x 14500 = 0.4833 hrs.
= 0.4833 x 60 = 29 minutes
Q29. How invention of wheel made a great change in modes of transport?

Ans. The invention of wheel brought in a great change in the modes of transport. People
employed carts and chariots to travel from one place to another. It made the transportation of
goods and people much easier. Modern means of transport such as cars, buses, trains and
airplanes allow us to travel faster than those used in earlier times.
Q30. What is the need of measurement?

Ans. It is difficult to make correct judgment about an object without making actual
measurement. It is not always easy to find out the measurement of different objects just by
looking at them. Guessing may lead to incorrect measurement. Therefore, to make
measurement more reliable, accurate, actual measurement is taken.

Q31. Why a tailor uses a tape whereas a cloth merchant uses a metre rod for measurement?
Ans. A tailor uses a tape, whereas a cloth merchant uses a metre rod because for measuring the
length of an object, we must choose a suitable device. Tailor cannot measure the size of your
chest using a metre scale, for instance. He needs a flexible device for this. That’s why Measuring
tape is more suitable for this kind of measurement.
Q32. Write two examples where objects undergo combinations of different types of motion.
Ans. Examples:
i. The ball is rolling on the ground – rotating as well as moving forward on the ground. Thus,
the ball undergoes a rectilinear motion as well as rotational motion.
ii. In sewing machine, its wheel moves in a circular motion and its needle moves up and down
continuously, as long as the wheel rotates in a periodic motion.

Q33. Write the similarity and dissimilarity between motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has
been switched on.
Ans.
Similarity
Bicycle Ceiling fan
1. Wheels have circular motion about their 1. Blades have circular motion about their
respective fixed point. respective fixed point.
Dissimilarity
1. Bicycle has linear/rectilinear motion. 1. Ceiling fan do not have linear /rectilinear
motion. It is fixed at one place.
Q34. How can we measure the length of a curved line?

Ans. We can use a thread to measure the length of a curved line.
Steps to measure the length of a curved line
i. Put a knot on the thread near one of its ends and place this knot on the one of its ends.
ii. Now, holding the thread at one end with one hand, place the thread along the curved line,
keeping it taut using your fingers and thumb.
iii. Now make a mark on the thread where it reaches the other end.
iv. Finally, place the thread along a metre scale and measure the length between the knot and
the marked point. This gives the length of the curved line.

Q35. Diya is using a scale which is broken at one end. She is not able to see the zero mark. What
precaution should she take while measuring the length of a book using this scale?
Ans. When one of the ends of the scale is broken and zero mark is not clearly visible. In such
case, she can use any other full mark of the scale and subtract the reading of this mark from the
reading at the other end.
For example, the reading at one end is 1.0 cm and at the other end it is 15 cm. Therefore, the
length of the object is (15-1.0) cm = 14 cm.
Q36. Write a note on ancient method of measurement.
Ans. In ancient times, the length of a foot, the width of a finger, hand span (the length from tip
of the thumb to the tip of the little finger), cubit (the length from the elbow to the finger tips),
an angul (finger) or a mutthi (fist), length of fore arm and the distance of a step were commonly
used as different units of measurements.

Q37. What is the need of common system of measurement?
Ans. Everyone's body parts could be of slightly different sizes. So, non-standard units such as
cubit, hand span, foot etc. causes confusion in measurement. That’s why for the sake of
uniformity, scientists all over the world have accepted a set of standard units of measurement.
The system of units now used is known as the International System of Units (SI units).

Q38. Explain different types of motion. Write few example of each.
Ans. Types of motion:
Rectilinear motion – Motion along a straight path is called rectilinear motion. Example - motion
of a vehicle on a straight road, march-past of soldiers in a parade or the falling of a stone.
Circular or Rotational motion – Motion along a curved path is called circular or rotational
motion. Example: The motion of a point marked on the blade of an electric fan or the hands of a
clock, moving wheel of a moving car.
Periodic motion – Motion that repeats after equal time interval is called periodic motion.
Example: Motion of a pendulum, a branch of a tree moving to and fro, motion of a child on a
swing, strings of a guitar or the surface of drums (tabla) being played.
Q39. What type of motion do the following objects have?

i. the galloping of a horse – Linear motion/Rectilinear motion
ii. the needle of sewing machine – Periodic motion
iii. child sitting in a moving giant wheel – Circular and Periodic motion
iv. surface of a drum being played - Periodic motion
v. an artificial satellite orbiting the Earth at a constant height - Circular motion
vi. soldiers in a march past - Linear motion/Rectilinear motion
vii. an athlete on a circular track with a uniform speed - Circular motion
viii. a rocking chair - Periodic motion
ix. a stone which is tied to a rope and is being swung in circles - Circular motion
x. a bouncing ball - Periodic motion
xi. a girl walking on a straight road - Linear motion/Rectilinear motion
xii. rotating blades of a helicopter - Circular motion
xiii. the movements of a mosquito – Random motion
xiv. the blades of an electric fan – Circular motion
xv. a swing in motion - Periodic motion
xvi. wheels of a moving car – Linear and Rotational motion
xvii. movement of a marry-go round - Circular motion
xviii. smoke from chimney – Random motion
xix. a vibrating tuning fork - Periodic motion
xx. bullet train on a straight track - Linear motion/Rectilinear motion
xxi. motion of earth around sun - Circular and Periodic motion

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Motion and Measurement of Distances

Q1. Fill in the blanks.

Q8. Write one example of periodic motion.

Ans. Each side = 5 x 10 = 50mm (All sides of

Q15. What do you understand by ‘measurement’?

Q26. Name the device used to measure the following:

Q29. How invention of wheel made a great change in modes of transport?

Q30. What is the need of measurement?

Q34. How can we measure the length of a curved line?

Q39. What type of motion do the following objects have?

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