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Definition: Waveguides Are A Special Category of Transmission Line That Is Used

The document discusses waveguides, which are hollow metallic tubes that guide electromagnetic waves along their length through continuous reflections off the inner walls. There are two main types of waveguides: rectangular and cylindrical. Key parameters of waveguides include the cut-off wavelength, which is the maximum wavelength that can propagate without attenuation; group and phase velocity, which describe how the envelope and phase of a signal propagate; and wave impedance. Rectangular waveguides have modes defined by indices m and n, and can only propagate modes above a cut-off frequency, making them act as high-pass filters.

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109 views4 pages

Definition: Waveguides Are A Special Category of Transmission Line That Is Used

The document discusses waveguides, which are hollow metallic tubes that guide electromagnetic waves along their length through continuous reflections off the inner walls. There are two main types of waveguides: rectangular and cylindrical. Key parameters of waveguides include the cut-off wavelength, which is the maximum wavelength that can propagate without attenuation; group and phase velocity, which describe how the envelope and phase of a signal propagate; and wave impedance. Rectangular waveguides have modes defined by indices m and n, and can only propagate modes above a cut-off frequency, making them act as high-pass filters.

Uploaded by

shwet_v
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waveguides

Definition: Waveguides are a special category of transmission line that is used


to guide (direct) the waves (radiation) along the length of the tube. These are
typically hollow metallic tube which acts as the medium to transfer or transmit
the power.
In waveguides, the energy is propagated through a tube. It can be either
rectangular or cylindrical waveguide that does not consist of any central
conductor.
A waveguide transmits microwave signal by making continuous reflections
from the inside walls of the tube. The walls of the waveguides are generally
made up of copper, aluminium or brass. However, its inner surface is coated
with gold or silver.
Types of waveguides

Waveguides are majorly classified as rectangular or circular but these are


basically of 5 different types:
Parameters of a Waveguide

 Cut-off wavelength: It the maximum signal wavelength of the transmitted


signal that can be propagated within the waveguide without any
attenuation. This means up to cut-off wavelength, a microwave signal can
be easily transmitted through the waveguide. It is denoted by λc.
 Group velocity: Group velocity is the velocity with which wave
propagates inside the waveguide. If the transmitted carrier is modulated,
then the velocity of the modulation envelope is somewhat less as compared
to the carrier signal.
This velocity of the envelope is termed as group velocity. It is represented
by Vg.
 Phase velocity: It is the velocity with which the transmitted wave changes
its phase during propagation. Or we can say it is basically the velocity of a
particular phase of the propagating wave. It is denoted by Vp.
 Wave Impedance: It is also known as characteristic impedance. It is
defined as the ratio of transverse electric field to that of the transverse
magnetic field during wave propagation at any point inside the waveguide.
It is denoted by Zg.

Rectangular Waveguide

A rectangular waveguide is a hollow metallic tube with a rectangular cross


section.

The rectangular waveguide is basically characterized by its dimensions i.e.,


length a and breadth b.

Waveguide modes
TE mode:
TM mode:
TEm,n.
waveguide-rectangular-te-modes-01.svg

Only a limited number of different m, n modes can be propagated along a


waveguide dependent upon the waveguide dimensions and format.

Rectangular waveguide TE modes

Figure 4. Simulation of the fields in the rectangular waveguide

For each waveguide mode there is a definite lower frequency limit. This is
known as the cut-off frequency. Below this frequency no signals can
propagate along the waveguide. As a result the waveguide can be seen as a
high pass filter.
The number of possible modes for a given size of waveguide increases with
the frequency.

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