CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data collected and their analysis and interpretation.

Tables are used to describe the results of the study more clearly.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the information gathered brought from the data gathering

instrument, which are the descriptive survey-method and T-Test Evaluation. The data

were analyzed according to the scope of the study and served as a tool in establishing a

proposal which is one of the aims of the research. The findings relate to the research

questions that guided the study. Data were analyzed to identify, describe and explore

the relationship among the risks/threats faced by women, the satisfaction rate of

existing actions/programs, and the legal measure to be proposed in the selected

barangays of Batangas City. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires,

completed by 300 respondents (n=300).

The researcher conducted quantitative, descriptive research to investigate

various aspects related to risks/threats faced by women and its significant relationship

to the actions and programs implemented in the selected barangays of Batangas City.

DATA ANALYSES AND PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS

The methods of data collection and data analysis have been discussed in

Chapter III. In this part of the chapter, the research findings are discussed. The findings
were utilized to formulate a legal measure to be proposed in the selected barangays of

Batangas City.

The results of this research are discussed by referring to the following aspects:

 The risks/threats faced by women in the selected barangays of Batangas City;

 The actions and programs implemented in the barangays in addressing violence

against women;

 Satisfaction of the women on the actions and programs implemented by the

selected barangays of Batangas City in addressing violence against women; and

 The legal measure to be proposed to strengthen the safety and security of

women.

Table 1. A shows that out of the 10 selected barangays, Wawa has the most

number of physical harm present, unsafe area, existing criminal activities and lack of

external support with a total number of 383 positive feedbacks, followed by Balete which

got 357 response. The Kumintang Ibaba ranked third with 342 positive feedbacks.

Tingga Itaas constituted 321 responses which ranked fourth. This is followed by Cuta

with 293 total positive feedbacks which ranked fifth. Bolbok which got 282 response,

Balagtas which got 276 response, Sta. Rita Ilaya which got 260 response, Libjo which

got 258 response and Malitam which got 239 response ranked sixth to tenth

respectively.

This was supported by a study in India who found that 42% of all female

respondents reported experiencing some type of violence, with 29% reporting physical

violence and 69% reporting psychological abuse. Overall, at least one out of three
women around the world have been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in

her lifetime. 

In regards with unsafe areas, in February 2016, SWS surveyed people in

barangays Payatas and Bagong Silangan in Quezon City regarding sexual harassment

in public spaces. 88% of women ages 18 to 24 experienced sexual harassment at least

once. Across all ages, 12 to 55 and above, wolf whistling and catcalling were the most

common forms. However, 34% of women experienced the “worst forms” of sexual

harassment: flashing, public masturbation, and groping. Another research conducted in

France by the researchers from The National Institute of Statistics and Economics

Studies found in a 2013 study that 25% of women aged 18-29 reported being scared

when they walked on the streets. They also discovered that 1 in 5 women have suffered

from verbal harassment on the street in the past year, and 1 in 10 said they had been

kissed or caressed against their consent. In relation to the existence of drugs and other

criminal acts, one observation made by McBride (1981) is that, “The focus on drugs

and crime has always included a concern with the relationship between drugs and

violence”. It was assumed that drugs are a direct cause of crime. Also according to

Canberra (2004), women found it discouraging to formally report violent incidents due to

a lack of appropriate support. Women think that others may feel that the incident is too

trivial to report and will try and deal with it privately.

Table 1.B
 Percentage Distribution of Risks/Threats Faced by Women in the Selected
Barangays of Batangas City

Q. Physical Harm Unsafe Area Existence of Lack of external

Present Drugs/ Criminal support
Acts
Y N Y N Y N Y N
1 55 45
2 42 58
3 47 53
4 71 29
5 77 23
6 77 23
7 74 26
8 35 65
9 75 25
10 49 51
11 71 29
12 61 39
13 37 63
14 51 49
15 59 41
16 78 22
17 30 70
18 37 63
19 70 30
20 61 39
21 76 24
Gran 55 45 75 25 55 45 37 63
d
Total
Rank 2.5 1 2.5 4

Table 1.B, as based on Table 1. A, shows that out of 300 respondents who filled

up the 21 questions regarding risks or threats faced by women in their barangay,

majority feels unsafe being alone in their community ranking first having a total

percentage of 75 percent. Experiencing violence and existence of drugs or other

criminal acts constituted 55 percent of the respondents which both ranked second. Last
on the rank is the lack of external support which earned 37 percent of the total number

of respondents.

Table 2.A
Frequency and Percentage Distribution on the Actions and Programs
implemented in the Selected Barangays of Batangas City in addressing Violence
Against Women
Actions/Programs Frequency Percentage Rank

Installation of CCTV cameras in secluded 224 10.44 5

areas of barangays
Strict implementation of Curfew hours in the 235 10.96 2
barangay
Regular Patrolling of Barangay Tanod 234 10.91 3

Annual update of Household Survey for the 197 9.19 7

formulation of Contingency Plan
Coordination with Police Authorities on Anti- 237 11.05 1
Drug and Anti-Violence against women
campaign
Creation of (Violence against women) VAW 165 7.70 9
desk for women
Efficient health services, equipment and 227 10.59 4
supplies for women
Designation of a VAW desk person who is 146 6.81 10
trained in gender-sensitive handling of
cases preferably a woman barangay
kagawad or tanod
Active participation of Lupong 194 9.05 8
Tagapamayapa in Mediation Process and
Peace and Order Campaign
Safety Audit of Streets by the Local 201 9.38 6
Government
Self-defense workshops and seminars for 84 3.92 11
women
Grand Total 2141 100

Table 2.A shows that majority of the actions and programs implemented in the

barangays of Batangas City was coordination with Police Authorities on Anti-Drug and

Anti-Violence against women campaign with a percentage of 11.05, followed by strict

implementation of Curfew hours in the barangay which constituted 10.96 percent.

Ranking third which acquired an overall percentage of 10.91 was regular patrolling of

Barangay Tanod tailed by efficient health services, equipment and supplies for women

with 10.59 percent. This is trailed by installation of CCTV cameras in secluded areas of

barangays which acquired a total percentage of 10.44. 9.38 percent of the total

numbers of respondents was safety audit of streets by the Local Government ranked

sixth. Annual update of Household Survey for the formulation of Contingency Plan

which got 9.19 overall percentage, active participation of Lupong Tagapamayapa in

Mediation Process and Peace Order Campaign which acquired 9.05 percent, creation of

VAW desk for women which got 7.70 percent, designation of a VAW Desk person who

is trained in gender-sensitivity handling of cases preferably a woman barangay

kagawad or tanod which constituted 6.81 and self-defense workshops and seminars for

women which got 3.92 over-all percentage ranked seventh to eleventh respectively.

In a student research with samples from selected municipalities in the province of

Batangas, Morales (2013) presented homogeneous findings that housewives know that

the barangay and sanguanian councils are required to respond rapidly to the victims of

this violence and that the different barangays are aware of their functions in sustaining

and formulating strategic programs and campaigns.

In addition to establishing national coordination mechanisms, police must engage

with key service providers at local level, as women and girls are often required to

access key medical treatment, legal assistance, emergency accommodation and other
social services beyond law enforcement. This can allow the police to provide the most

appropriate referrals to women and girls in an integrated response where timely and

appropriate advice, support and treatment for survivors or those at risk of violence are

available. (UNODC, 2010; Barnes, 2009).

Likewise, assisting women victims of violence initially through the efforts provided

by various NGOs have now been adopted and replicated by national

government agencies and local government units such as the

Community-based Approach to Violence Against Women (COMBAT-VAW) pioneered

by the Women’s Legal Bureau and the HASIK. The Lihok Pilipina’s Bantay Banay or

“community watch” is the backbone of Cebu City’s anti-domestic violence program.

The first crisis center for victims/survivors of VAW in the country, the Women’s

Crisis Center (WCC) launched its National Family Violence Prevention Program

in 1997 with 18 cities and municipalities all over the Philippines. The program is a

community - based strategy to prepare family members to protect themselves from

violence and to deal with peaceful conflict resolution in family relationships. It is aimed

at organizing and mobilizing multi - agency groups to prevent family violence from

the regional to the barangay level.

Table 2.B
Mean Distribution on the Assessment of the Satisfaction of the Women on the
Actions and Programs implemented by the Selected Barangays of Batangas City

Actions/Programs Weighted Verbal

Mean Interpretation
Installation of CCTV cameras in secluded areas of barangays 2.49 Least Satisfied

Strict implementation of Curfew hours in the barangay 2.49 Least Satisfied

Regular Patrolling of Barangay Tanod 2.53 Satisfied

Annual update of Household Survey for the formulation of 2.12 Least Satisfied
Contingency Plan
Coordination with Police Authorities on Anti-Drug and Anti- 2.76 Moderately
Violence against women campaign Satisfied
Creation of (Violence against women) VAW desk for women 1.73 Least Satisfied

Efficient health services, equipment and supplies for women 2.74 Satisfied

Designation of a VAW desk person who is trained in gender- 1.77 Least Satisfied
sensitive handling of cases preferably a woman barangay
kagawad or tanod
Active participation of LupongTagapamayapa in Mediation 2.27 Least Satisfied
Process and Peace and Order Campaign
Safety Audit of Streets by the Local Government 2.44 Least Satisfied

Self-defense workshops and seminars for women 0.9867 Not Satisfied

Table 2.B shows that respondents from selected Batangas barangays are less

satisfied with the installation of CCTV cameras with a weighted average of 2.49 in their

community. The strict implementation of the barangay curfew hours achieved a

weighted average of 2.49, making the respondent less satisfied. The regular patrolling

of barangay Tanod demonstrates that respondents were satisfied with a weighted

average of 2.53. Women were also least satisfied with the annual update of the

household survey for the formulation of the contingency plan, as this garner only

weighted average of 2.12. Women were moderately satisfied with the police authorities'

anti – drug and anti - violence campaign against women with a weighted mean of 2.76.

In regards with the implementation / creation of the VAW desk in barangays, it was

found out that it is less satisfying for it acquired 1.73 weighted mean Women were, on

the other hand, satisfied with the efficiency of health services, equipment and supplies
in their barangay, with a weighted average of 2.74 in their barangay. It shows that

women are less satisfied with the 1.77 weighted average in terms of knowledge and

service provided by the VAW desk person. Participation of lupong Tagapamayapa in

mediation process and peace and order campaign is found to be less satisfying with a

weighted mean of 2.27. Women were also less satisfied with the 2.44 satisfaction rate

of security in every street in their barangays. Implementation of self-defense workshops

and seminars for women which acquired a weighted mean of only 0.9876 was found to

be not satisfying at all.

Heisecke (2011) stated in foreign research that local community functions should

promote awareness - raising programs and response teams to respond rapidly to cases

of violence and improve the authority's ability to protect and recognize the rights of

women against violence.

Table 3.A
T-Test Evaluation of Relationship between Risk/Threats Women faced and
Implementation of various actions/programs of the barangays
 In T test Approach, we will identify the significant relationship between the risk/

threats faced by women and the actions and programs implemented in their barangays.

By evaluating the risks/ threats versus actions/ programs currently implemented, we

have identify that the t-value for risk/ threats is +-46.87 is higher than the +-40.19 t-

value for the actions/ programs. Meaning, from these 10 selected barangays there are

actions and programs that were covering the safeness of every women, yet the violence

(risk and threats) present in the area are higher than the current programs/actions can

accommodate and address.