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1 (A) A Student Carried Out An Experiment To Prove That Candle Wax, A Hydrocarbon

A student conducted an experiment to show that burning candle wax produces carbon dioxide and water vapor. The apparatus showed limewater turning milky, indicating carbon dioxide production, but the conclusion about water was invalid due to incorrect setup. To validate water production, the apparatus would need to be modified, such as collecting any condensed vapor for testing. Polymers can be formed through addition polymerization of chloroethylene or condensation polymerization between ethanediol and ethanedioic acid.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
87 views12 pages

1 (A) A Student Carried Out An Experiment To Prove That Candle Wax, A Hydrocarbon

A student conducted an experiment to show that burning candle wax produces carbon dioxide and water vapor. The apparatus showed limewater turning milky, indicating carbon dioxide production, but the conclusion about water was invalid due to incorrect setup. To validate water production, the apparatus would need to be modified, such as collecting any condensed vapor for testing. Polymers can be formed through addition polymerization of chloroethylene or condensation polymerization between ethanediol and ethanedioic acid.

Uploaded by

Farai Chidumwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 (a) A student carried out an experiment to prove that candle wax, a hydrocarbon,

produces carbon dioxide and water vapour when it burns.


The equipment used is shown in Figure 11.

to pump

funnel

ice

candle
water

limewater boiling tube X

Figure 11

The gas produced from the burning candle is drawn through the apparatus.
The limewater turned milky showing that carbon dioxide had been formed.
A small amount of a colourless liquid condensed in boiling tube X.
The student claimed that this proved that burning candle wax produced water.
The teacher said the apparatus had been set up incorrectly and therefore this
conclusion about water was not valid.
Explain how the student could modify the equipment to prove that water is
produced by burning candle wax.
(2)

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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
*(b) Polymers are addition or condensation polymers.
Polymers can be formed by using the monomers shown in Figure 12.

monomer structure

H Cl
chloroethene C C
H H

H H

ethane-1,2-diol HO C C OH

H H

O O
ethanedioic acid C C
HO OH

Figure 12

Explain, using appropriate monomers from Figure 12, how different polymers can
be formed.
(6)

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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) An alcohol A, with molecular formula C2H5OH is oxidised to a compound B with
molecular formula C2H4O2.
(i) Compound B is not an alcohol and is a member of another homologous series.
State the name of this homologous series.
(1)

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(ii) Draw the structure of a molecule of compound A and a molecule of


compound B, showing all covalent bonds.
(2)

Compound A

Compound B

(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 Polymers can be made from alkenes.

(a) Which of the following statements about alkenes is correct?


Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A alkenes turn bromine water orange
B alkenes have a double bond between two hydrogen atoms
C alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons
D alkenes can undergo complete combustion to produce carbon monoxide

(b) The table shows two monomers and the polymers they form.
Complete the table.

monomer structure name of polymer formed polymer structure

( (
H H H H

C=C C C
H H H H
n

H H
C=C poly(propene)
H CH3

(2)

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) A number of methods are used to dispose of waste polymers.
Explain a problem caused by the disposal of polymers.
(2)

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*(d) Most of the energy we require comes from burning fossil fuels.
The supply of fossil fuels is limited and therefore other fuels are needed.
Various fuels are being tested.
Explain the properties required of a good fuel.
(6)

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(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 The structure of a molecule of propene is

H CH3
C C
H H

(a) Propene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.


(i) Explain what is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(3)

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(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Propene can be made by using heat to decompose large alkane molecules
into smaller, more useful molecules.
This process is known as
(1)
A combustion
B cracking
C fractional distillation
D polymerisation

(iii) Describe what is seen when a sample of propene is shaken with bromine
water.
(2)

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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) Molecules of propene can be combined to form a molecule of poly(propene).
(i) Which of these shows part of the structure of a molecule of poly(propene)?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A H H CH3 H
C C C C
H H CH3 H

B H CH3 H CH3
C C C C

H CH3 H CH3

C H H H CH3
C C C C

H H H H

D CH3 H CH3 H
C C C C
H H H H

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) Ropes used on boats are often made from poly(propene).

poly(propene) rope

State a property of poly(propene) that makes it suitable for use as ropes on


boats.
(1)

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(iii)
iii) e a problem caused by the disposal of poly(propene) ropes in landfill
sites.
(1)

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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 (a) Margarine is made by hydrogenation of a liquid oil.

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
In hydrogenation of a liquid oil
(1)
A hydrogen is removed from the liquid oil
B the liquid oil reacts with steam
C double bonds are formed
D the liquid oil is changed into a solid

(b) Soaps are made by boiling oils with concentrated solutions of alkalis.

(i) Which of the following would be a suitable alkali to use in the production of soaps?

Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.


(1)
A sodium chloride
B sodium hydroxide
C sodium nitrate
D sodium sulfate

(ii) The diagram shows a soap anion.

Explain how soap anions remove grease marks from clothes during washing
with water.
(2)

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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) Esters are made by reacting alcohols with carboxylic acids.
(i) Give the name of the carboxylic acid that has three carbon atoms in each molecule.
(1)

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(ii) When ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, reacts with ethanol, C2H5OH, ethyl ethanoate
is one of the products formed.
Write the balanced equation for the reaction.
(2)

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(d) Polyesters are used to make plastic bottles.


State another use of polyesters.
(1)

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(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 Propene is an alkene.

The formula of its molecule is C3H6.


(a) (i) Draw the structure of a propene molecule, showing all of the bonds.
(2)

(ii) One molecule of decane, C10H22, can be cracked to produce one molecule of
propene and one molecule of an alkane X only.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The formula of a molecule of alkane X is
(1)
A C7H14
B C7H16
C C8H16
D C13H28

(b) Propane is an alkane.


Propane and propene are both gases.
Given a sample of each gas, describe a test to show which gas is propane and
which gas is propene.
(3)

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*(c) Propene is used to make the polymer poly(propene).
Explain how poly(propene) molecules are formed from propene molecules and
relate the properties of poly(propene) to its uses.
(6)

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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

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